GRAMMAR – COMPLEX SENTENCES

UNIT 1 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT

1. Định nghĩa
– Câ u phứ c là câ u bao gồ m 1 mệnh đề độ c lậ p (independent clause) và ít nhấ t 1 mệnh đề
phụ thuộ c (dependent clause) liên kết vớ i nhau. Hai mệnh đề thườ ng đượ c nố i vớ i nhau bở i dấ u
phẩ y hoặ c cá c liền từ phụ thuộ c (subordinating conjuntions).
EX:
1. He always takes time to play with his daughter even though he is extremely busy.
(independent clause) (dependent clause)
2. You should think about money saving from now if you want to study abroad.
(independent clause) (dependent clause)
*NOTES:
– Mệnh đề đi liền vớ i LIÊN TỪ trong câ u phứ c chính là mệnh đề phụ thuộc (dependent clause).
– Nếu mệnh đề phụ thuộ c (dependent clause) nằ m phía trướ c mệnh đề độ c lậ p (independent
clause) thì giữ a 2 mệnh đề phả i có dấ u phẩ y, cò n lạ i thì khô ng .
2. Một số liên từ phụ thuộc phố biến
After Although As as if as long as In order to
(Sau khi) (Mặc dù) (Bởi vì/ Khi) (Như thể là) (Miễn là) (cốt để mà)
Before Even if Because as though as much as so that
(Trước khi) (Mặc dù) (Bởi vì) (Như thể là) (cốt để mà)
Once even though Whereas If as soon as Unless
(Một khi) (Mặc dù) (Trong khi đó) (Nếu) (Ngay khi) (trừ phi)
(Kể từ khi/ Bởi Though While In case When Until
vì) (Mặc dù) (Trong khi đó) (Nếu) (Khi) (Cho đến khi)
3. Các loại mệnh đề phụ thuộc hay gặp
A. Dependent clauses of reason (Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ lý do)
– trả lờ i cho câ u hỏ i “Why” (tại sao)
– thườ ng bắ t đầ u vớ i cá c liên từ như: because, since, as…
EX:
1. – I needn’t tell you as he has told you already.
2. – I did it because there was no one else to do it.
3. – Since you insist, I shall go with you.
B. Dependent clauses of time (Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ thời gian)
- nó i về thờ i gian hà nh độ ng trong mệnh đề độ c lậ p diễn ra khi nà o.
- thườ ng bắ t đầ u vớ i cá c liên từ như: when, while, before, after, as soon as, …
EX:
1. As I went out, he came in.
2. As soon as you are ready, we shall go.
3. I hurried to see him after I had heard the news.
4. I hope to pay him a visit before I went away.
C. Dependent clauses of concession (Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
-diễn tả kết quả bấ t ngờ , ngoà i mong đợ i.
-thườ ng bắ t đầ u vớ i cá c liên từ như: although, though, even though, even if,…
EX:
1. - Although it rained, he went out all the same.
2. – I’ll get there even if I have to walk all the day.
D. Dependent clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ mục đích)
- nó i về mụ c đích củ a hà nh độ ng trong mệnh đề độ c lậ p.
- thườ ng bắ t đầ u vớ i cá c liên từ như: so that, in order that…
EX:
He was speaking very quietly so that it was difficult to hear what he said.
 BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng.
1.My mother used to tell me stories __________ I went to bed.
A. since B. until C. before
2. You’d better take the keys __________ I’m out
A. in case B. since C. after
3. My brother likes eating fried chicken __________ it is very bad for his health.
A. because B. although C. when
4. Yesterday, Jim was playing the piano __________ his sister was playing the flute.
A. as B. although C. while
5. You shouldn’t spend too much time on computer __________ it is harmful to your eyes.
A. as B. when C. although
6. I will phone you __________ I get there.
A. while B. as soon as C. until
7. The scientist usually works in his lab __________ the sun sets.
A. until B. as soon as C. although
8.__________ you promise not to tell lies again, l won’t forgive you.
A. If B. Even if C. Unless
9.__________ her legs were hurt, she made attempt to finish the running track.
A. Even if B. As if C. Even though
10. She talked __________ she witnessed the accident. But in fact she knew nothing.
A. as if B. even though C. even if
11. I didn’t finish my homework __________ I was seriously ill yesterday.
A. when B. though C. since
12. James decides to save money from now_____ he has enough money to travel this summer.
A. so that B. though C. when
13. __________ we have been friends for only one year, we deeply understand each other.
A. If B. Though C. Once
14. Mr. Smith doesn’t like dogs, __________ his wife loves them.
A. when B. so that C. whereas
15. I was cycling home yesterday __________ I saw Jim standing near the fountain.
A. when B. while C. since
Bài 2: Hoàn thành những câu sau đây bằng những liên từ cho sẵn.

1.___________ Jim came home, he realized that someone had broken into his house.
2. You’d better bring your raincoat ___________ rain pours down.
3. They have been colleagues ___________ they graduated.
4. ___________ Jim puts more effort in his studying, he won’t catch up with his classmates.
5. My mother always reminds me to wash my hands _______ I have meals.
6. We will go picnicking ___________ the weather is fine.
7. James behaved ___________ nothing had happened.
8. I can’t make it on Saturday ___________ I will be fully occupied.
9. When I got home; my father was mowing the lawn ______ my mother was watering the flower
beds
10. ___________ I don’t get on well with Mary, I really admire her intelligence and beauty.
Bài 4: Nối hai câu đơn đã cho thành một câu ghép, sử dụng liên từ thích hợp.
1.Jim was absent from class yesterday. He was suffering from a bad cold.
________________________________________________________________
2. They decided to move their house. They don’t have to travel a long distance to work.
 ________________________________________________________________
3. Mary hurt her fingers yesterday. She was preparing dinner.
________________________________________________________________
4. At 4pm yesterday, my mother was cleaning the house. I was looking after my younger brother.
________________________________________________________________
5. They decided to go on an excursion. They want to get away from work stress.
________________________________________________________________
6. My father taught me how to use the computer. Before that, I didn’t know how to use it.
________________________________________________________________
7. I arrive at the station. I will call you right after that.
________________________________________________________________
8. My brother is very out-going. I am quite reserved.
________________________________________________________________
9. Mr. Peter was walking home. He was robbed of his wallet.
________________________________________________________________
10. I don’t have a pet. My mother doesn’t allow me to have one.
________________________________________________________________
Bài 3: Nối những mệnh đề ở cột A với những mệnh đề ở cột B để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
A B
1. Jane didn’t realize her mistake a. when snow started to fall.
2. They were playing in the backyard b. though it is distant from our house.
3. if you show your attempt in your work, c. before they moved here.
4. This couple had been in New York City for 2
years d. I still travel by public transportations.
e. so that l will have a decent job in the
5. My mother often shops at the local supermarket future.
6. It has been ages f. you may get promotion soon.
7. Itry to study hard g. until her mother pointed it out for her.
3. Even if I own a car, h. since we last encountered.
1 – _________ 2 – _________ 3 – _________ 4 – _________
5 – _________ 6 – _________ 7 – _________ 8 – _________

GRAMMAR – PHRASAL VERBS

1. Định nghĩa
– Cụ m độ ng từ (Phrasal verb) là sự kết hợ p giữ a mộ t độ ng từ và mộ t tiểu từ (particle).
- Tiểu từ có thể là mộ t trạ ng từ (adverb), hay là mộ t giớ i từ (preposition), hoặ c là cả hai, chẳ ng
hạ n như back, in, on, off, through, up…
- Khi thêm tiểu từ và o sau độ ng từ , cụ m độ ng từ thườ ng có ý nghĩa khá c hẳ n so vớ i độ ng từ ban
đầ u.
EX :
1. The rich man gave away most of his fortune.
2. You can look up any new words in your dictionary.
3. I tried to phone her but I couldn’t get through.
3. Một số cụm động từ thường gặp.
 Cụm động từ kết hợp với 1 tiểu từ
Get up (thức dậy) Find out (tìm hiểu thông tin) Bring out(phát hành, ra mắt)
Pass down (truyền lại) Live on (sống bằng, sống nhờ) Look through (đọc)
Deal with (xử lý, giải quyết) Warm up (khởi động) Come back (quay trở lại)
Turn down (từ chối) Set up(sắp đặt, chuẩn bị) Keep up (tiếp tục)
Take off (máy bay cất cánh) Show off (khoe khoang) Hold on (chờ đợi)
Give up(từ bỏ) Grow up (lớn lên) Go on (tiếp tục)
Break down (đổ vỡ, hư hỏng) Carry out (thực hiện) Count on (tin cậy vào)
break out (khởi phát/ bùng nổ) call off = put off (hoãn lại) make up (bịa/ chiếm khoảng)
Dress up (ăn mặc đẹp) Drop by (ghé qua) Bring up (nuôi dưỡng)
Do without (chấp nhận k có..) run into sb (tình cờ gặp..) take after sb (giốg ai đó)
Work out (tìm ra cách giải Close down (đóng cửa hẳn, Take up (bắt đầu làm một
quyết/ luyện tập) ngừng kinh doanh) hoạt động mới)
come across sb/st (tình cờ come into (thừa kế tiền/tài sản) give out (phân phát)
gặp…/ tìm thấy…) pick up (đón/ chọn/ nhặt) give away (tặng/ hiến tặng)
 Cụm động từ kết hợp với 2 tiểu từ
Keep up with sb/sth(theo
kịp) Look forward to (trông đợi) Run out of sth (hết)
Get out of sb/sth (tránh né) Catch up with sb/sth (bắt kịp) come down with sth (mắc bệnh)
Cut down on sth (cắt giảm) Look back on sth (nhớ lại) Get rid of sth (bỏ đi)
Make up for sb/sth (bù đắp) Get back at sb (trả thù ai đó) Go along with sb (đồng ý với)
Look down on sb (coi Stay away from sb/sth (tránh
thường) Look up to sb (kính trọng) xa)
Pull over at (đỗ xe) Run away/off from Wait up for sth (đợi ai đến
be about to do sth (có ý định sb/sth (chạy trốn) khuya)
Keep out of sb/sth (ngăn cản) Go in for sth (tham gia) Put up with sb/sth (chịu đựng)
Face up to sth (chấp nhận, Get on with sb (hòa hợp, hòa Go through with sth (kiên trì
đương đầu với khó khăn) thuận) bền bỉ)
Check up on sth (kiểm tra, Make sure of sth(đảm bảo, chắc Come up with sth (phát hiện ra,
giám sát) chắn) nảy ra ý tưởng)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Khoanh tròn vào đáp án đúng.
1.They have turned (down/ up) Jim’s application for the job.
2. You may have to deal (with/ about) many problems in the workplace.
3. Small birds mainly live (on/ off) insects.
4. When does the place take (off/ up)?
5. Why did you decide to take (on/ up) skiing?
6. Remember to warm (up/ down) carefully before you play sports.
7. There’s no need to dress (up/ down). Itis just an informal party.
8. Have you worked (out/ in) the solution yet?
9. Oops, I think we’re run out (of/ on) petrol.
10. Jim seems not to get (on/ off) well with his classmates.
11. My husband has decided to set (up/ down) a business on his own.
12. Do you think James will find (out/ up) the truth?
13. Does Jim have many friends to count (on/ off) in difficult time?
14. Yesterday, my uncle dropped (to/ by) my house to the surprise of everyone.
15. Were you brought (up/ in) by your grandparents?
Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau đây bằng những cụm động từ cho sẵn.

1.This singer will _________________ a new album this year.

2. Peter is very reliable. You can _________________ him.
3. You should _________________ your essay _________________ 500 words.
4. Jim is depressed as he has been _________________ by five companies so far.
5. I can’t _________________ such disturbing noise any more.
6. My mother is always _________________ me.
7. Mr. Smith has _________________ golf.
8. Are you tired of _________________ complaints from your customers?
9. How are you now? I heard that you _________________ flu last week.
10. _________________! I think we’ve got lost. This isn’t the right road.
Bài 3: Chọn từ trong bảng và hoàn thành những câu sau
passed away do without look forward to called off made up
break out run out put up with keep up carried away
1. Don’t smoke in the forest. Fires ……………. easily at this time of the year.
2. I ……………. seeing my friends again.
3. I’m afraid; we have ……………. of apple juice. Will an orange juice do?
4. Your website has helped me a lot to keep up the good work.
5. A friend of mine has ……………. her wedding.
6. His mother can’t ……………. his terrible behavior anymore.
7. As an excuse for being late, she ……………. a whole story.
8. I got ……………. by his enthusiasm.
9. I just can’t ……………. my mobile. I always keep it with me.
10.She was very sad because her father ……………. last week.
4/ Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form of a phrasal verb
live on look through pass down set off (bắt đầu lên đường) turn down
close down come back deal with get up keep up with
1. They offered her a trip to Europe but she_________ it __________ .
2. He has __________the report and found nothing interesting.
3. Phong walks too fast and it’s really hard to __________ him.
4. These traditional stories have been __________ from parents to children over many
generations.
5. My sister is an early bird. She __________ at 7 o’clock every day of the week.
6. We’ll __________ for Tay Ho village at 9 o’clock and arrive at 10 o’clock.
7. When I was a student, I __________ small allowances from my parents.
8. The government must now __________ the preservation of traditional craft villages.
9. The banks have __________ a lot of branches in villages over the last few years.
10. Many foreign tourists decided to __________ Viet Nam for another holiday.
5/ Choose the correct answers: synonym
1. If you don’t pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you out!
A. lend you some money B. play football with you C. give you a kick D. force you to leave
2. Yesterday I ran into Sam at the grocery store. I had not seen him for years
A. met B. visited C. said goodbye to D. made friends with
3. Let’s go over that report again before we submit it.
A. dictate B. print C. read carefully D. type
4. I will not stand for your bad attitude any longer.
A. like B. tolerate C. mean D. care
5. Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
A. Look out B. Look up C. Look on D. Look after
6. It took me a very long time to recover from the shock of her death
A. turn off B. take on C. get over D. keep up with
7. I am tired because I went to bed late last night.
A. stayed up B. kept off C. put out D. brought up
8. Did your son pass the unversity entrance examination?
A. make up B. get along C. go up D. get through
9. What may happen if John will not arrive in time?
A. go along B. count on C. keep away D. turn up
10. They decided to postpone their journey till the end off the month because off the epidemic.
A. take up B. turn round C. put off D. do with

Phrasal verb Ý nghĩa Phrasal verb Ý nghĩa

Beat one’s self up tự trá ch mình Look down on sb khinh thườ ng ai đó
Break down bị hư Look into st nghiên cứ u/xem xét
kính trọ ng, ngưỡ ng
Break in độ t nhậ p và o nhà Look up to sb
mộ ai đó
Break up with s.o chia tay Make up one’s mind quyết định
chuyển tiếp sang cá i
Bring s.th up đề cậ p chuyện gì đó Move on to st
gì đó
Bring s.o up nuô i nấ ng (con cá i) Put sb down hạ thấ p ai đó
là m ai đó mấ t hứ ng,
Call for st cầ n cá i gì đó Put sb off
khô ng vui
Carry out thự c hiện (kế hoạ ch) Put st on mặ c cá i gì đó và o
tìm hiểu, khá m phá cá i gì
Check st out Put st away cấ t cá i gì đó đi
đó
Clean st up lau chù i Set sb up gà i tộ i ai đó
ổ n định cuộ c số ng
Come across as có vẻ (chủ ngữ là ngườ i) Settle down
tạ i mộ t chỗ nà o đó
Come off tró c ra, sú t ra Show off khoe khoang
Come up against
đố i mặ t vớ i cá i gì đó Show up xuấ t hiện
s.th
Cook up a story bịa đặ t ra 1 câ u chuyện Slow down chậ m lạ i
là m má t đi, bớ t nó ng, bình
Cool down Speed up tă ng tố c
tĩnh lạ i
Count on sb tin cậ y và o ngườ i nà o đó Stand for iết tắ t cho chữ gì đó
Take away (take st lấ y đi cá i gì đó củ a
Cut off cắ t lìa, cắ t trợ giú p tà i chính
away from sb) ai đó
bỏ cá i gì đó đi khô ng sử
Do away with st Take st off cở i cá i gì đó
dụ ng cá i gì đó
Drop sb off thả ai xuố ng xe Take off cấ t cá nh
End up = wind up có kết cụ c Tell sb off la rầ y ai đó
Figure out suy ra Turn around quay đầ u lạ i
Get along with
hợ p nhau/hợ p vớ i ai Turn down vặ n nhỏ lạ i
sb:
Get off xuố ng xe Turn st/sb down từ chố i cá i gì/ai đó
Go around đi vò ng vò ng Wear out mò n, là m mò n
suy ra đượ c cá i gì
Go down giả m, đi xuố ng Work st out
đó
Go off nổ (sú ng, bom), reo Look after sb chă m só c ai đó
 (chuô ng)
Go up tă ng, đi lên Look around nhìn xung quanh
Help s.o out giú p đỡ ai đó
Keep on doing st tiếp tụ c là m gì đó
Keep up st hã y tiếp tụ c phá t huy
Let s.o down là m ai đó thấ t vọ ng