Assignment 5
1. A 2 MVA, 11 KV, 3-phase, star-connected alternator has a resistance of 0.3 ohm and
reactance of 5 ohm per phase. At rated terminal voltage, the machine delivers full-load
current with 0.8 power factor lagging. With the same excitation, compute the terminal
voltage to deliver same load current at 0.8 power factor leading.
Answer: 12.087 KV
Solution:
Rated terminal voltage per phase = 11000/√3 = 6351 V.
Full-load current I = (2000 x 103)/(√3 x 11 x 103) = 105 A
At 0.8 pf lagging current, the open-circuit voltage per phase E0 = VI+ I(R + jXS)
Taking V1 as reference,
E0 = 6351 + 105(0.8-j0.6)(0.3+j5) = 6703.2 3.430
The excitation remains fixed, even if the current is 0.8 pf leading. Thereby,
E0 = V2 + 105(0.8+j0.6) (0.3+j5)
Solving this, V2 = 6798.6 V
Therefore, terminal voltage across lines = √3 x 6798.6 = 12087 V
2. The effective resistance of a 3-phase, star-connected, 50 Hz, 2.2 KV synchronous generator is
0.5 ohm per phase. On short-circuit condition of the armature terminal, a field current of 40
A is required to deliver the full-load current of 200 A. With the same excitation, at the open-
circuit condition, an e.m.f. (line-line) of 1.1 KV is induced in the armature coil. Determine
synchronous impedance of the alternator. Compute load angle, and voltage regulation at
full-load 0.8 power factor lagging.
Answer: 3.18 ohm, 14.40, 40.3%
Load angle is the angle between armature terminal voltage and induced e.m.f. in the
armature coil. It is also called the power angle.
Solution:
E0,line
Synchronous impedance Z s where E0,line is the open-circuit line-to-line voltage and I
3I
is the short-circuit current at the same excitation. So Zs = 1100/(√3 x 200) = 3.18 ohm.
Xs = Z s2 R 2 3.18 2 0.5 2 3.14 ohm.
Terminal voltage per phase V = 2200/√3 = 1270 V
Taking V as the reference phasor, at full-load 0.8 power factor lagging,
E0 = VI+ I(R + jXS) = 1270 + 200(0.8-j0.6)(0.5+j3.14) =1782 14.40
Hence, the power angle is 14.40
Voltage regulation = (1782-1270) x 100/1270 = 40.3%
3. Draw the phasor diagram of an alternator operating at rated condition with zero power
factor leading.
