Glossary
This glossary is provided to support the content of this curriculum framework. The definitions
are intended to be sufficient to guide an informed reader.
Algorithm – a set of precise instructions for solving a problem.
Application software – programs that are written for a specific task or set of tasks, such as
text processing software, media players or games.
Array – a series of memory locations that each hold a single item of related data.
ASCII – code that represents letters, numbers and punctuation within a computer system.
ASCII is typically converted into 8-bit code, therefore allowing 256 items to be represented.
Automation – the application of machines that are programmed to carry out repeated industrial
procedures.
Autonomous programming – programming that allows devices to function independently,
depending on the inputs received from their sensors.
Big Data – data that contains variety and are available in ever increasing volumes. Specific
data are extracted from big data based on the requirement.
Bluetooth® – a wireless technology used for exchanging data over short distances.
Cellular network – a network that allows mobile phones to connect. The last link is wireless
but allows devices to connect to a transmitter within the local area, or local cell.
Conditional format – a feature in many data applications that allows rules to be placed on
cells so that they meet certain criteria.
Conditional statement – the instruction in a program that instructs it to perform different
actions depending on whether the condition is ‘true’ or ‘false’. Also known as a Selection
statement.
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Constant – a data value that stays the same each time a program is run, for example the starting
values within a game.
Construct – the common building blocks that are used when designing programs.
Data type – the content of data within a variable, for example whether it is text or numeric.
Decomposition – the taking of a complex problem and breaking it down into smaller parts that
are easier to solve.
Defragmentation – the process that organises the content of mass storage devices into the
smallest number of separate parts.
DNS – the domain name system, or address book, of the internet. It allows web browsers to
connect with websites.
Emerging technology – refers to new technology and to the continued development of existing
technology.
Flowchart – a diagram that uses a standard set of symbols, including arrows, to represent each
step of an algorithm. The symbols are used to represent different types of instruction.
Industry 4.0 – the combination of physical production and smart technology, machine learning
and Big Data to automate production processes. Also known as the fourth industrial revolution.
Integer – the data type for a whole number within a variable in a program.
IP address – a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or on a local network.
Iterative process – the process of writing part of a program, testing it, then editing or adding
to the program continually until a final, working, version is produced.
Learning objectives – statements from the curriculum framework of the expectations of
knowledge, understanding and skills that learners will develop; they provide a structure for
teaching and learning, and a reference against which to check learners’ attainment and skills
development.
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Logic gates – the building blocks of digital circuits that have one or two inputs that can be
turned on or off.
Loop – a section of code that is repeated within a program.
Machine learning - an application of AI that enables systems to automatically learn, and alter
their behaviours, based on their experiences.
Model (data) – a computer application that replicates a real-life environment, where data is
changed to see what happens. Simple models can be built in spreadsheet software.
Model (teaching) – the demonstration of an activity for learners to follow. This could be
walking through an algorithm or program to find and debug an error, where the teacher
describes each step that they take and verbally asks themselves the questions that will inform
their next steps.
Operation, or operating, system – software that supports a computer’s basic functions.
Parity bit – a check that is added to a block of data for error detection purposes.
Physical (computing) device – devices that learners program and interact with through a range
of inputs, including sensors, and outputs, including LEDs.
Primary key – a key in a relational database that is unique for each data record and allows the
data for each record to be identified across different data sheets.
Prototype – an early example of a product, including a device or a piece of software.
Prototypes allow for early feedback and help to define the requirements of the final product.
Program library – a collection of programs that are made available for importing into other
programs to perform a particular function or sub-routine.
Protocol – established rules that determine how data is transmitted across a network.
Pseudocode – a way of planning the structure and function of a program in a short, clear and
precise way. Pseudocode is not specific to any programming language.
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