PROJECTILE.
A body thrown at some angle'
and mov ez
Hhove or below he horizontal
reely under the action gravity is cal
d projectile and its
motion is called
prajactile motion .
EXAMPLES-i The motion a bullet
ired from a qun in spacc.
tiThe motion oa football kicked by a
player in space.
) The' motion á bomb rzleascd by
an aeroplane
EXPLANATION,- During
displaçement
proietile
vecter r and
motion its
VEloeity vector V chanqes continuoualy
conz
Sut acczleration Vector á = å
Lant)and is aluways direetad down ward
projectile has horiEontal and' vertical
nobion at the same timebut nonz e}eet
erIf uir trictien iz neglected then
erizontal velocity remains constent.
hen a s . but vertieal veloeity
hangzs due to ttraction oof carth
Horizontal
Ihen
A projectile is hrown with velocity y
nt rome angle 0 wih the horizontal
INSTANTANEOUs VELOcITY, /
During its motion the only force
acting on projectile is atractin ,
and s aaul"to weight ef prajeetile.
F=may
md t =-mg
Dd =- yDgdti
-Jdt
Integyabian aives 2
Where A, iz constant o integratien
and is caleulated by applyin initial
conditions.
When t=o
Rrom equ.&
Equ. becomas
3
Splitting it into [Link].
,i+,= -3tj+ V. cos®i+V, sinaj
'amparing beth
boh sides
V V, cos (4-a)
Ve Va sin - g t ’ (4- b)
)ISPLACEMENT OR PosITION VECTOR,
iquation (3) can ba wrilten. ns
dtlo (V,541)
-gtdt
Intearating beth sides.
Y-,t-ti+ Az
then. - 3)
-V, (o)-3() +Az
r= A2
Put value of Az in zqu
In components torm.
Comparing both zides
X-x, =(y
=(V, cose)t (7-a)
Gnd
8=o+ (Vo sine)t-gt
d-o =(V, sin )t -gt (7-b)
owzver it initial displacement , =o
and o =o then
znu. (7- a) and (7-b) bzconmez
X (Vo cos 9)t (g-a)
J (Y, sin 0)t -at ’(8- b)
THE Ea,UATION OF PATH OR
TRAJECTORY
The path followed by qorabolo
the projectile is
called its trajactory.
From eau. (8- a)
V, cos6
Pat valuz f t in equ. (8-b)
9-Y, sine(äoa)3(io
=Xan &
- 2
It is the cau. parabola y= ax+bd
This gjves
abola. trajectory o prqjectile is ped
par
TIME TO REACH MAXIMUM HEIGHT
The time during
ohich
reach its max. haight prjectile
is called to
reach maximum height. lt is timed
by Em denoted
V=V, sin gtm
0. = Vo sin -gtm
TME OF FLIGHT (t),
The time during whieh projzetile
Emains in the air is called time
iaht. It is denot ed by t.
atting y-m0 in (e- b) Tme tlight
Vo Sin9 t - t
Yo sin@t-a 2V,Sin9
T=
-(V sin -gt)t ( Point
Eiher t=o Point e
\projectien) return to
or Lavel
Vo Sin9- t = o Projeetion'
Nhen t=0 , projectile will be at the
eint ot projaetion. When V, Sin@- t 0
ves the time light o the projactile
Sin =at E [Link] Sin
ORIZONTAL RANGE, (R)
Horizontal distance that projectile
ves rom point of its projection to
int "Landing both being at same
2val "is called rang
Eis movad due to
erizontal
Cose in
velocity
ight.t time ot
2V Sin (9,0)0 YR,0)
=R
hen, RVt Vo cosx2 Sin
R o.2 Bin0 cos0
R=sin26
MAXIMuM HORIZONTAL RANGE(R
The maximum horizontal distanes
covers the projzctile is called ma
imum herizontal range. Range is maxin
Ror maximum valua
Sin 20
Ihe maximum value
Sin 20 =1 Then 4s
Sin 20 = Sin 9Ô
29 = 90
Rmax. Ya Sin 2 x4s Rmax.
Rma.
MAXIMUM HEIGHT Jm=H
The maximum Wertical distance
called i
aitains the projectile is trajectent
haight . At highest point of
he'vertical "componenb vlocity
becomes Zaro.
Vy =0
hen ram zquation y =0
2
V; = 20S
Jmax = H
2
- =29Jma%
v site = -29Umax,
2
UmatH=
28
HE EFFECT OF AIR ;
We have a_sumed that at low speed
Projectile air has no effact on its
notion. AA high spcad ok projzctile ir
s0stance is Yery Large. 'SSoo both
both range
R' and height" H Yeached by pro
ctile dacreases.,
