INTRODUCTION

1.1INTRODUCTION:

HOSPITAL: Home Of Sick People In Treatment And Life. • A hospital is a health care
institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical
equipment. • A hospital is a residential establishment which provides short-term and long-
term medical care. • Hospital, an institution that is built, staffed and equipped for the
diagnosis of disease; for the treatment, both medical and surgical.

Hospital Management is enabling hospitals to manage information and data related to all
aspects of healthcare – processes, providers, patients, and more, which in turn ensures that
processes are completed swiftly and effectively. When one thinks of the various aspects and
departments of a hospital, it becomes apparent that an HM is critical. The hospital database
management was introduced in 1960, and has greatly evolved since then – with the ability to
integrate with the existing facilities, technologies, software of a hospital. Today, patients can
begin the process of healthcare in the palm of their hand – the mobile devices and apps –
make this possible. This process then moves to the healthcare providers and hospitals.

TEACHING HOSPITAL

A teaching hospital delivers healthcare to patients as well as training to prospective medical

professionals such as medical students and student nurses. • It may be linked to a medical
school or nursing school, and may be involved in medical research. Students may also
observe clinical work in the hospital
 VISION

Our vision is to achieve excellence in Healthcare services by offering unique expertise, state
of the art technology & patient care. Metro Group of Hospitals is committed in providing
world class health care.

MISSION

Our immediate agenda is to set up more such dedicated centers for providing wholesome
treatment to the patients from all over the country and abroad. We are committed in
continually serving the humanity.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 o promote awareness of health care among all sections of the Indian people.
 To promote awareness among functionaries involved in Health and Hospital Management.
 To promote research in the field of Health and Hospital Management. in order to improve
the efficiency of Health Care delivery.
 To promote the development of high quality hospital services and community health care.
 To promote a forum for the exchange of ideas and information among health and hospital
planners, academicians, administrators, various statutory bodies and the general public for the
improvement of Hospital and Health Care.
 To develop norms and standards for accreditation of the Health Care Organization and adopt
means of evaluation of such institutions, so as to improve the quality of health care in the
community.
 To provide opportunities for training and research in all aspects of Hospital Services Health
Care and Health Care Administration.
 To update the knowledge and skill of the Health & Hospital Administrators and other
personnel involved in the management of health care organization through continuous
education and research.
 To promote and grant recognition to research in the fields of Health and Hospital
Management and to grant awards, scholarship and assistance in other suitable forms to
meritorious individuals and institutions.
 To act as Advisory /Consultative Body, in the best interest of community and country, to
Central and State Governments, Public Sector Undertakings, Health Care Delivery
Organization, Public Health & Health Development, Teaching and Training Organization and
any other Health related allied organization, when need so arises or services are asked for.
 To provide Health Care Advocacy for the benefit of health management and to endeavor to
become a national advisory body for union and state governments.
 To publish text books and periodic monographs on current and futuristic trends in health and
hospital management.
 To help in preparation of SOPs, Manuals, Literature and Books on Health Care Management,
Quality & Accreditation, Health Care Technology, Health Care Industry related subjects,
Text Books for Health Management Courses for benefit of the Students & Faculty, Hospital
and Health Care Organizations and Academic Institutions.
 To undertake Professional Consultancy in the field of Health Management, Quality &
Accreditation, Health Technology Assessment, Medical Tourism, Disaster Management,
Health Care Delivery Organization, Public Health Facilities & Services for overall
improvement of the facilities.
 To conduct inter hospital/ Institution awards competition on various parameters to bring
competitiveness for improving healthcare quality & training.
 To recognize and felicitate the individuals who have made exceptional and significant
contributions in the field of Health and Hospital Management in general and to the Academy
in particular.
METHODOLOGY

Hospital Management is the field relating to leadership, management, and administration of

hospitals and health care systems. Effective leadership and management are essential to
scaling up the quantity and quality of health services and to improving population health.
Research Methodology: The primary purpose for applied research is discovering,
interpreting, and the development of the methods and systems for the advancement of human
knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of healthcare delivery systems in
Naturopathy and Yoga. In BNYS curriculum the research methodology refers to the
description of process, or may be expanded to include a philosophically coherent collection
of theories, concepts or ideas as they relate to the discipline of Naturopathic Medicine and
Yoga to develop the flair for adopting and developing evidence based medical practice
among the students and thereby contribute to the development of the system.
BIOTECHNOLOGY

This interdisciplinary undergraduate programme is designed for talented students who would
like to develop a career in biotechnology entrepreneurship, business analysis, and/or
healthcare management, to capture the emerging opportunities in Hong Kong, the Greater
Bay Area, and beyond. The programme brings together the Faculties of Science, Medicine,
and Business Administration at The Chinese University of Hong Kong to co-develop a brand-
new, integrated curriculum with active learning as the core. In addition to a compilation of
complementary courses in Biomedical Sciences, Business Administration, Molecular
Biotechnology, and Public Health, capstone courses will be co-taught by the professors in
different Faculties to upgrade students’ problem-solving ability using cross-disciplinary
knowledge. Opportunities of mentorships and internships from the relevant industrial,
service, and venture capital sectors will be sought to allow the students to learn through
connecting knowledge with real-world problems.

Highlights

 Cross-disciplinary training by Faculties of Science, Medicine, and Business

Administration

 Biotechnology knowledge with an emphasis on the applications on biomedical and

environmental issues
  Analytical skills to connect scientific knowledge to “real-world” business

 Sense and skills in entrepreneurship and healthcare management

Career Prospects

 Leaders in the start-ups in advanced life science, health-technology, and environment

solutions

 Business consultants and analysts for science and technology firms

 Management in healthcare and medical institutes

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

This category includes organisations that have demonstrated a commitment to the research
and development of new products and processes

What is Research and Development (R&D)?

This category includes organisations that have demonstrated a commitment to the research
and development of new products and/or new processes. This can include discovering or
creating a unique material, transferring a research or technology development to practice,
improving the performance of an existing product or creating a new simulation or design
tools.

The category also includes companies that have made significant investments into their R&D
processes.

Themes

One notable trend in hospital management R&D has been the setting up of academic research
centres by private healthcare providers. Digital management has been another focus for the
industry with various digital platforms being developed focusing on aspects such as chronic
illness management, cancer care and bettering practice experience for clinicians.

Patient monitoring R&D efforts have revolved around home monitoring, heart failure and
high-risk disease prevention.
OBSERVATION

Many conditions once treated during an “inpatient” hospital stay are currently treated during
an “observation” stay (OBS). Although the care remains the same, physician billing is
different and requires close attention to admission details for effective charge capture.

Let’s take a look at a typical OBS scenario. A 65-year-old female with longstanding diabetes
presents to the ED at 10 p.m. with palpitations, lightheadedness, mild disorientation, and
elevated blood sugar. The hospitalist admits the patient to observation, treats her for
dehydration, and discharges her the next day. Before billing, the hospitalist should consider
the following factors.

Physician of Record

The attending of record writes the orders to admit the patient to observation; indicates the
reason for the stay; outlines the plan of care; and manages the patient during the stay. The
attending reports the initial patient encounter with the most appropriate initial observation-
care code, as reflected by the documentation:1

Downgraded Stays

In cases when a hospital utilization review committee determines that an inpatient admission
does not meet the hospital’s inpatient criteria, Medicare allows the hospital to change the
patient status from inpatient to outpatient and submit an outpatient claim for medically
necessary services that were furnished, as long as the following requirements are met:5

 The patient status change is made prior to patient discharge;

 The hospital has not submitted a claim to Medicare for the inpatient admission;
 A physician concurs with the utilization review committee’s decision; and
 The physician’s concurrence with the utilization review committee’s decision is
documented in the patient’s medical record.

The entire stay can then be treated as observation, and physicians should report the
appropriate observation-care codes to reflect each service provided. Private payor guidelines
are contractual and might vary, but they often follow Medicare guidelines. It is best to query
non-Medicare payors for their specific change-of-status policies.

Innovations in hospital

• Auto check-in and checkout.

• Specialty hospitals.
• Bone bank at AIIMS.
• Hospital administration.
• Medical records management.
• Oxygen under pressure treatment.
• Waste management.
• Telemedicine.
• Virtual Hospitals

Technologies in Hospital

• Same day OPD.

• Online reports.
• Imaging/ MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan.
• Key Hole Surgery.
• Medical transcription.
• Biotechnology.
• Nanotechnology.
• SST(Super specialty Treatment): Self checking Machines/ equipment.
Distinction between a Hospital and an Industrial Organization

• The product of a hospital is service to people provided by its personnel with a variety of
skills.
• The decision is made for the patient; he is ill and requires services which cannot be
provided at home.
• The patient leaves home, family, friends, his work-place, his way of life for a new
environment.
• In home, they has a definite role. In the hospital, the role is similar to 30 or 40 others in the
ward or unit in which they are a patient.

Functions of the Hospital

• To provide care for the sick and injured

• Training of physicians, nurses and other personnel
• Prevention of disease and promotion of health
• Advancement of research in scientific medicine
• To provide care for the sick and injured
• This can be done by accommodating them according to their physical condition and
financial status.

• When we talk of physical condition, we mean that some patients are seriously ill and require
admission in Intensive Care Unit(ICU) while others are not so seriously ill and can be
accommodated elsewhere (e.g. in deluxe room, single room with AC and without AC, semi-
private room and general ward) according to their financial status.
• There may be some patients who may require isolation. In that case, they should be kept in
isolated rooms, but the building should be kept always in a good state of repair, pleasing
appearance and providing the patient every mental and physical comfort.
• In every hospital, there should be sufficient diagnostic and treatment facilities available
such as medical laboratory, X-ray, ultrasound, MRI and CT scan for diagnosis, and operation
theatre for surgery, labour room for delivery, nursery for children, physical therapy for
rehabilitation of patients, so that they may be properly treated
•Training of physicians, nurses and other personnel
• They receive their training in both theory and practice in approved colleges.
• Therefore, a hospital being a complex and specialized organization must employ highly
trained personnel so that they may train others.
• Only approved hospitals can provide training in medicine, nursing, pharmacy,
physiotherapy, administration, medical social work, medical record library, X-ray and
medical record technology, etc.
• Prevention of disease and promotion of health
• It is the duty of the hospitals to cooperate with the government agencies.
• They can treat patients of communicable and non-communicable diseases, notify to the
recognized authorities of any communicable disease of which it has know ledge, assist in
vaccination programmes of the government, etc.
 • Eg: Dengue fever

Challenges to Hospital Administration

• When the international focus is on a safe environment, hospitals which do not pay enough
attention to this sensitive issue will be eliminated from the community.
• The Chief Executive Officer of a hospital must guard his creditability at all cost.
• He must be able to provide latest technology and vision.
• He should push for change when it is required in the interest of the patients, employees and
the community at large.
• The Chief Executive Officer of a hospital will have to serve as a catalyst for relationship
building between patients and employees, government agencies and his hospital and between
hospitals and his own hospital.

Hospital Planning Today’s Patients are Better Informed

• Today's patients are better informed and know more about health care services.
• As a matter of fact, at no time in history have people known so much about health care and
medicine as they do today.
• They make their own decisions, they shop for and select the best hospital; they choose their
doctor or change him or her.
• Having become cost conscious, they demand quality care at a reasonable price.
• Hospital service, they say, has moved from the restaurant style to the cafeteria style-which
means people are increasingly making their own decisions and doing some of the work
related to their health and treatment themselves.

Key features of a Hospital Management

 Operation Theatre Management

Surgeries are long and tedious and a hospital must know the schedule of surgeries, to avoid
overbooking and ensure availability of the required surgeons, other doctors and operation
theatre staff. A hospital would be able to send operation schedules, test results, and other
details to patients/next of kin, while also sending reminders to the presiding surgeon and
other staff required for a procedure.

 Lab Management

Maintain accurate accounts of tests, payments received, report generation dates, patient
information, customized reports, timely notifications to patients and laboratory staff, and
detailed MIS reports – all through one Hospital Management.

 Patient Management
 With faster, secure, and easy data retrieval, a hospital/healthcare facility would be able to
provide better and efficient care to the patients. With every department interconnected and
integrated into the HMS, the quality of patient care can be enhanced, leading to greater
customer satisfaction and lowered turnovers. Today there is severe competition even in the
realm of healthcare, and patients and their kin prefer to visit a facility that is efficient, cost-
effective, and secure.

 Supply Management

With efficient hospital management can track and manage supplies more efficiently and set
up better purchasing contracts with suppliers. The hospital provides you with full
transparency of inventory from the time it was ordered to when it was brought in to when it
was used on patients. This, you can better capture demand, purchase, and consumption
activity, allowing you to make continuous improvements to your healthcare supply chain.

 Billing Management

Given the large numbers (in all respects) that any hospital needs to manage, a great feature of
Hospital Management is to help keep track of billing aligned with treatments, tests, and
doctor fee. This is able to send out messages for bill payment, display discounts,
automatically capture patient data, provide several payment options to patients/kin, and keep
a track of patient visits and payments.

 Facility Management

A comprehensive Hospital Management will enable the addition of several branches across
locations of the hospital. This ensures that patients can visit any branch for treatment and the
doctors would be able to access their records from anywhere.

 Appointment Management

Appointment scheduling is one of the most tedious processes in a hospital. With the help of a
Hospital Management, an appointment widget is easily added to the hospital’s website.
Patients can easily log in to the website, book an appointment with a doctor they choose with
a time that works for them, receive reminders from the hospital, and also receive updates in
the event of any changes.

 Staff Management

It helps in the management of employees across different locations of a particular

hospital/healthcare facility. Every aspect related to an employee is captured here- date of
joining, designation and department, insurance details, leave and absence status, salary and
benefits details, authorization level, and other information. The administrator with access, can
view and edit employee details, remove inactive/ex-employee details, make any employment-
related changes, and more.

LIFE AT MEDICARE

Medicare offer consultation services to outdoor patients in wide spectrum of specialties.

 Cardiology (heart diseases)

 Diabetic Clinic
 Test
 Post CABG Clinic
 Hypertension Clinic
 Cardio Thoracic Consultation
 Dental Care (All type)
 Dermatology & Venerology (Skin & Sexually Transmitted diseases)
 ENT (diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat)
 Gastroenterology (Stomach, Gut & Liver diseases)
 General Medicine (Gen. Medical Problems)
 Gynecology and Obstetrics (Child birth & Women’s diseases)
 Nephrology (kidney diseases)
 Neurological (Nerve diseases)
 Ophthalmology (Eye diseases)
 Orthopedics & Trauma Care, Sport Medicine
 Pediatrics (Child diseases)
 Physiotherapy Service
 Psychology related Clinic
 Pulmonology (Chest Diseases)
 Urology (Diseases of urinary system & sex organs)
 Family Planning Service
 Oncology: Cancer, Chemotherapy Clinic

FACILITIES

Our services and facilities include highly qualified specialists along with trained nurses and
supporting personnel using the latest state of the art technology to ensure that we continue to
be a leader in medical services. A new facility that has been added to the organization is our
Cardiac Care Center.

 24 Hours CCU/ICU with fully equipped life support system

 24 Hours Emergency Services
 24 Hours Ambulance \Services within Kathmandu valley
 24 Hours Pharmacy Services
 24 Hours Pathology Services
 Advanced Operation Theater
 Recovery Rooms

DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES
  Color Doppler Echo
 Stress ECG Testing (TMT)
 Holter Monitoring
 ABP Monitoring
 Cath Lab for assessment of Angiography, Angioplasty, Pace-maker implantation
 USG Guided Biopsies
 Video Gastroduodenscopy, Colonoscopy
 Video Cystoscopy, Urethroscopy
 Uretero Renoscopy (URS)
 Computerized Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)
 Audiography
 CT Scan, Ultra sonogram & all types of x-rays
 Blood Gas Analysis
 EEG
 Colposcopy

Photography