Prof. Ravi Prof.

Zoheb

DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

Important points and formulae:

Photo-electric effect:
When metal surface is exposed to the radiation of high frequency, such as ultra violet light or
X-rays, the electrons are emitted from the surface, this phenomenon is called photo-electric
effect.
The emitted electrons are called the photo-electrons. In case of alkali metals like sodium,
potassium etc, photo-electric effect is observed even with visible light.
Characteristics:
i) Photo-electric emission is possible from the metal surface, only if the frequency of the
incident light is greater than the particular frequency called the threshold frequency.
It is the minimum frequency required to liberate the electrons from it’s surface, and it
depends upon the nature of the surface of the emitter.
The wavelength 0 corresponding to the threshold frequency 0 is called the threshold
c
wavelength.  0 = . Hence the photoelectric emission occurs when the wavelength of
0
incident radiation is less than 0.
ii) The number of electrons emitted per second is directly proportional to the intensity of
the incident radiation.
iii) Photo-electrons are emitted with different velocities and hence they have different kinetic
energies ranging from zero to maximum. The maximum kinetic energy of the photo-
electron depends only on the frequency of the incident radiation and it is independent of
the intensity of the radiation.
iv) Photo-electric emission is instantaneous, i.e. the photo-electrons are emitted the moment the
metal surface is exposed to the radiation. There is no time lag between the two events.
Einstein’s theory of photo-electric effect:
On the basis of Plank’s quantum theory Einstein has explained photo-electric effect.
According to quantum theory, the light is considered in the particle form. These particles are
called photons.
When a photon of energy h collides with electron, the gain in the energy of the electron is h.
Some part of the energy is utilized in breaking the bond between electron and the atom.
Remaining energy is converted into maximum kinetic energy of the electron.

If vmax is the maximum velocity with which the electron escapes then we get
1
h = 2
m v max + W0 This equation is called as Einstein’s photo-electric equation.
2
W0 is called as work function and it is the minimum energy required to release electron from
the metal surface.

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

If the electron is situated in the interior of the emitting material, some energy is utilized by
electron to rise to the surface. Hence such electron is emitted with kinetic energy less than the
maximum kinetic energy.
Characteristics of the photo-electric effect:
• Kinetic energy of the photo-electron decreases as the frequency of incident radiation is
decreased. And it becomes zero for a certain frequency 0 where 0 is called as threshold
frequency.
K.E. = 0 when  =  0  W0 = h 0
1 1
 h = 2
m v max + h 0  2
m v max = h ( −  0 )
2 2
From the above equation we found that photo-electrons are emitted only when    0 .
Binding energy is different for different substances. Therefore work functions and hence
threshold frequencies are different for different substances.
• When the intensity of the light is increased more number of photons are incident on the
substance. Therefore there is a greater number of collisions between photons and electrons,
hence more photo-electrons are emitted. Therefore when the intensity of the incident
radiation is increased, more photo-electrons are emitted.
• As work function depends only on the substance, it is constant for a given emitter. The
1
equation, 2
mvmax = h − h o indicates that the maximum K.E. of the photo-electrons
2
increases with the frequency of incident radiation. Maximum K.E. does not depend upon
the intensity of the incident radiation.
• Photo-electric effect is an instantaneous process.
Photo-electric cell:
Light energy is converted into electrical energy by a photo-electric cell. The cell works on
the principle of photo-electric effect.
The cell consists of cylindrical cathode K, with its concave surface coated with a photosensitive
material like sodium.
The anode A is a platinum rod fixed along the axis of the cylindrical cathode.
Applications of Photo-electric cell:
i) Exposure meter, ii) Lux meter, iii) Burglar alarm, iv) Reproduction of sound in motion
pictures,
v) Solar cells for renewable source of electric power. Ip
Effect of frequency:
The photo-electrons are emitted only if the frequency of the incident light is
greater than the threshold frequency, whatever may be the intensity of
radiation. It is observed that for different materials threshold frequency
is different.
V0 V

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

Effect of intensity of incident light:

The number of photo-electron emitted per unit time (current)
is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation
if the frequency of the incident light is kept constant and above the
threshold frequency.

Effect of potential difference:

It is observed that as the potential is decreased the photoelectric current decreases, but even
at zero potential the photo-electric current is observed.

At certain negative potential the photo-electric current reduces to zero. This retarding potential
is called as stopping potential Vs it is found that, as the frequency of incident radiation is
increased stopping potential increases.

• h = 6.63  10-34 Js, me = 9.1  10-31 kg, 1 eV = 1.6  10-19 J.

• A = B+C
hc
A = h ,

1 2
B= mV max , eVS
2
hc
C = W0 , h 0 ,
0

• The rest mass of a photon of wavelength  is zero.

• The momentum of a photon of wavelength  is h/
• The momentum of a photon is p. The corresponding wavelength is h/p.
• A radio transmitter operates at n Hz and a power of P W.
P
• The number of photons emitted per second is =
h
• Planck’s constant has the dimensions of angular momentum.

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

de Broglie’s hypothesis:
According to de Broglie hypothesis material particle of momentum p has a wave associated with
h
it having wavelength given by  = , where h is Plank’s constant.
p
If m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity, then the wavelength of the wave associated
h
with the particle is  = .
mv
h
The de Broglie wavelength associated with a particle  =  p = 2mE
2mE
h h
The de Broglie wavelength associated with the electron  = =  p = 2me eV
p 2me eV

12.27  10 −10
• The wavelength of electron accelerated through V volt  = m
V

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

CLASS WORK
Photoelectric Effect

1. Two photons of energies 1 eV and 2.5 eV are incident on a metal surface whose work
function is 0.5 eV. The ratio of the maximum speed of electrons emitted in the two cases
is:
1) 1 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 1 : 4 4) 1 : 5

2. The threshold frequency for a certain metal is v0. When light of frequency 2v0 is incident
on it, the maximum velocity of the photoelectrons is 4 × 106 m/s. If frequency of incident
light is increased to 4v0, then maximum velocity of the electrons (in m/s) is:
1) 0.8 × 106 2) 2 × 106 3) 7 × 106 4) 2 × 107

3. Figure shows the graph of stopping potential vs the frequency of incident radiation for two
different photosensitive surfaces A and B. This shows that the work function of A is
1) greater than that of B Vs A B
2) same as that of B
3) smaller than that of B γ
4) no such comparison can be done

4. When a certain metallic surface is illuminated with monochromatic light of wavelength λ,

the stopping potential is 3V0. When the same surface is illuminated with light of
wavelength 2λ, the stopping potential is V0. The threshold wavelength for this surface for
photoelectric effect is:
1) 6λ 2) 4λ 3) λ/4 4) 8λ

5. In a photoelectric experiment, the stopping potential for the photoelectrons is 2 V for

incident light of wavelength 400 nm. If the wavelength is changed to 300 nm, the stopping
potential is:
1) 2V 3) less than 2V but greater than zero
2) greater than (8/3) volt 4) (8/3) volt

6. Two identical photo cathodes receive light of frequencies f1 and f2. If the velocity of the
photoelectrons (of mass m) coming out are respectively v1 and v2, then
2h 2h
1) v12 − v 22 = ( f1 − f 2 ) 3) v12 + v 22 = ( f1 + f 2 )
m m
1/ 2 1/ 2
 2h   2h 
2) v1 + v 2 =  ( f1 + f 2 )  4) v1 − v 2 =  ( f1 − f 2 ) 
m  m 

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

7. Maximum velocity of the photoelectrons emitted by a metal surface is 1.2 × 10 6 ms-1.

Assuming the specific charge of the electron to be 1.8 × 1011 Ckg-1, the value of the
stopping potential in volt will be
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 6

8. The cathode of a photoelectric cell is changed such that the work function changes from W1
to W2 (W2 > W1). If the current before and after changes are I1 and I2, all other conditions
remaining unchanged, then (assuming hv > W2),
1) I1 = I2 2) I1 < I2 3) I1 > I2 4) I2 < I2 < 2 I1

9. In a photo-emissive cell, with exciting wavelength λ, the fastest electron has speed v. If the
exciting wavelength is changed to 3λ/4, the speed of the fastest emitted electron will be
1) less than v(4/3)1/2 2) v(4/3)1/2 3) v(3/4)1/2 4) greater than v(4/3)1/2

10. Light of wavelength λA and λB falls on two identical metal plates A and B respectively. The
maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons in KA and KB respectively, then which one of
the following relations is true? (λA = 2λB) [MH-CET 2014]
K
1) K A < B 2) 2 KA = KB 3) KA = 2 KB 4) KA > 2 KB
2

11. The work functions for metals A, B and C are respectively 1.92 eV, 2.0 eV and 5 eV.
According to Einstein’s equation the metals which will emit photoelectrons for a radiation
of wavelength 4100 Å is/are
1) A only 3) All the three metals
2) A and B only 4) none of these

12. In a photoelectric experiment anode potential is plotted against plate current. [IIT 2004]
I

C
B
A
V

1) B and C will have equal intensities while A and B will have same frequencies
2) B and C will have different intensities while A and B will have different frequencies
3) A and B will have different intensities while B and C will have equal frequencies
4) A and B will have same intensities while B and C will have different frequencies

13. Monochromatic light of frequency v1 irradiates a photocell and the stopping potential is
found to be v1. If the same cell is irradiated by a monochromatic surface of frequency v 2,
what is the new stopping potential?
h h h h
1) V1 − (v 2 − v1 ) 2) V1 + (v1 + v 2 ) 3) V1 + (v 2 − v1 ) 4) V1 − (v1 + v 2 )
e e e e

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

14. When the energy of an incident photon is increased by 20%, the kinetic energy of the photo
electrons is increased from 1 eV to 1.5 eV. The work function of the metal is
1) 1.5 eV 2) 1 eV 3) 0.5 eV 4) 2 eV

15. When a certain photosensitive surface is illuminated with monochromatic light of

V
frequency ν, the stopping potential for photoelectric current is 0 . When the same surface
2

is illuminated by monochromatic light of frequency , the stopping potential is V0. The
2
threshold frequency for photoelectric emission is
2 3 3 5
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 2 5 3

16. The frequency and intensity of incident light falling on a photosensitive material is
increased by a factor of two. This will:
1) increase the maximum K.E. of the photoelectrons as well as the photoelectric current
by a factor of two
2) increase the maximum K.E. of the photoelectrons and would increase the photoelectric
current by a factor of two
3) increase the maximum KE. of photoelectron by a factor of two, but there is no effect on
the photoelectric current
4) increase photoelectric current by a factor of two while the K.E. would remain
unchanged

17. A radiation of energy E falls normally on a perfectly reflecting surface. The momentum
transferred to the surface [AIEEE 2006]
2
1) E / c 2) 2 E / c 3) Ec 4) E / c

de Broglie
18. If the momentum of electron is changed by δp, then the de-Broglie wavelength associated
with it changes by 0.5 %. The initial momentum of the electron will be:
δp δp
1) 200 δp 2) 400 δp 3) 4)
400 200

19. An electron and a photon possess the same de-Broglie wavelength. If Ee and Eph are
respectively the energies of electron and photon and v and c are their respective velocities,
E
then e is equal to:
E ph
v v v v
1) 2) 3) 4)
c 2c 3c 4c

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

20. What is the ratio of wavelengths of a photon and that of an electron of the same energy?
2m 2m m
1) c 2) 3) 4) mE
E E E

21. An electron of mass m when accelerated through a potential difference V has de-Broglie
wavelength λ. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton of mass M accelerated
through the same potential difference will be:
m m M M
1) λ 2) λ 3) λ 4) λ
M M m m

22. An electron of mass m with an initial velocity V = V0 ˆi (V0  0) enters an electric field
E = −E0 ˆi (E0 = constant > 0) at t = 0. If λ0 is its de-Broglie wavelength initially, then its de-
Broglie wavelength at time t is [NEET 2018]
λ0  eE 
1) 2) λ 0 1 + 0 t 3) λ0 t 4) λ0
 eE 0   mV0 
1 + t
 mV0 

23. If the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron is equal to 10-3 times the wavelength of a
photon of frequency 6 × 1014 Hz, then the speed of electron is equal to: (Speed of light =
3 × 108 m/s, Planck’s constant = 6.63 × 10-34 J.s, Mass of electron = 9.1 × 10-31 kg)
[JEE-MAINS 2019]
6 6 6
1) 1.45 × 10 m/s 2) 1.7 × 10 m/s 3) 1.8 × 10 m/s 4) 1.1 × 106 m/s

24. A particle ‘P’ is formed due to a completely inelastic collision of particles ‘x’ and ‘y’
having de-Broglie wavelengths ‘λx’ and ‘λy’ respectively. If x and y were moving in
opposite directions, then the de-Broglie wavelength of ‘P’ is: [JEE-MAINS 2019]
λxλy λxλy
1) λx + λy 2) 3) 4) λx – λy
λx + λy | λx − λy |

25. A particle A of mass ‘m’ and change ‘q’ is accelerated by a potential difference of 50 V.
Another particle B of mass ‘4m’ and charge ‘q’ is accelerated by a potential difference of
λ
2500 V. The ratio of de-Broglie wavelengths A is close to: [JEE-MAINS 2019]
λB
1) 10.00 2) 14.14 3) 4.47 4) 0.07

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

HOME WORK
Photoelectric Effect

26. The work function for aluminum is 4.2 eV. The threshold wavelength is:
1) 2955 Å 2) 4200 Å 3) 2000 Å 4) 1000 Å

27. Which of the following statements about photoelectric effect are false?
1) The greater the frequency of the incident light, the greater the stopping potential.
2) The greater the intensity of incident light, the greater will be the threshold frequency.
3) The greater the work function of the target material, the greater the threshold
frequency.
4) The greater the energy of the photons, the greater the stopping potential.

28. Work functions of tungsten and sodium are 4.4 eV and 2.3 eV respectively. If threshold
wavelength of sodium is 5460 Å, then the threshold wavelength of tungsten is:
1) 11,360 Å 2) 8000 Å 3) 6000 Å 4) 2840 Å

29. A metallic surface ejects electrons when hit by green light but none when hit by yellow
light. Will electrons be ejected if the same surface is hit by red light?
1) Yes
2) No
3) Yes, if the red beam is sufficiently intense.
4) Yes, if the red beam is allowed to fall for sufficient duration.

30. On increasing the potential difference between cathode and anode, the photocurrent:
1) decreases 3) first increases, then decreases
2) remains constant 4) first increases then remains constant

31. In the photoelectric effect (for a given metal and given frequency of incident light), which
of the following depend on the intensity of incident light:
1) the threshold frequency 3) the maximum photoelectric current
2) the stopping potential 4) maximum kinetic energy of the electrons

32. The kinetic energy of ejected photoelectrons will increase with an increase in:
1) intensity of incident light 3) frequency of light
2) wavelength of light 4) both, wavelength and intensity of light

33. In Einstein’s photoelectric equation; K. E. = h – Wo, K.E. is:

1) kinetic energy of all the emitted electrons
2) average kinetic energy of the emitted electrons
3) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons
4) minimum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

34. Of the following properties, the photon does not possess:

1) rest mass 2) frequency 3) energy 4) momentum

35. In a photoelectric experiment, the wavelength of incident radiation is decreased from

6000 Å to 5000Å. It is observed that:
1) the photoelectric current reduces to zero 3) the stopping potential decreases
2) the photoelectric current increases 4) the stopping potential increases

36. Photons of energy 6 eV are incident on a potassium surface of work function 2.1 eV. The
stopping potential is:
1) –3.9 V 2) –2.1 V 3) –6 V 4) –8.1 V

37. A metal surface is illuminated by light of a given intensity and frequency to cause
photoemission. If the intensity of light is reduced to one fourth of its original value, then
maximum K.E. of the emitted photoelectrons will become
1) 1/16th of the original value 3) unchanged
2) twice the original value 4) four times the original value

38. The work function of a metal is 5 eV. If photons of energy 20 eV are incident on it, then
the stopping potential is:
1) 25 V 2) 20 V 3) 5 V 4) 15 V

39. A photon of frequency v is incident on a metal surface of threshold frequency v0. The K.E.
of emitted electrons is:
1) h(v – v0) 2) h(v + v0) 3) hv 4) hv0

40. Which of the following statements is true for photoelectric effect?

1) All ejected electrons have the same K.E. = h [v – v0]
2) K.E. of ejected electrons varies from zero to hv – hv0
3) The most energetic electrons have kinetic energy = hv
4) All electrons have K.E. = hv0

41. Which of the following is not correct?

E h
1) h = 3) mass of photon =
v c
v h
2) λ = 4) momentum of photon =
c 

42. Photons of energy 5.1 eV are incident on a metal having work function 0.8 eV. The
maximum energy of the emitted photoelectron is:
1) 5.1 eV 2) 0.5 eV 3) 5.9 eV 4) 4.3 eV

43. The threshold wavelength of sodium is 6800 Å. Its work function is:
1) 1.82 eV 2) 3.64 eV 3) 0.91 eV 4) 2.73 eV

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

44. The photoelectric threshold for some material is 200 nm. This material is irradiated by light
of wavelength 400 nm. The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is:
1) 2 eV 3) 1 eV
2) 0.5 eV 4) there is no photoemission

45. In photoelectric effect, the photocurrent:

1) increases with increase in frequency of incident photon
2) decreases with increase in frequency of incident photon
3) does not depend on the frequency of photon but depends only on intensity of incident
light
4) depends on both frequency and intensity of incident light

46. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a surface when photons of
energy 6eV fall on it 4eV. The stopping potential, in volt, is
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 10

47. The rest mass of a photon of wavelength λ is

1) zero 2) h/cλ 3) h/λ 4) hc/λ

48. The momentum of a photon of wavelength λ is:

1) hλ 2) h/λ 3) λ/h 4) h/cλ

49. The momentum of a photon is p. The corresponding wavelength is:

1) hp 2) p/h 3) h/p 4) h/ p

50. Threshold for a particular metal is λ0. If λ be the wavelength of incident radiation, then the
maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is
1 2   −  1 h   
1) mv = hc  0  3) mv2 =  0 
2  0  2 c  0 −  
1    1 h   − 
2) mv2 = hc  0  4) mv2 =  0 
2  0 −   2 c  0 

51. Figure shows the graph of stopping potential V0 vs frequency v of incident light. The slope
of the line equals:
1) h
2) he
3) e/h
4) h/e

52. Light of frequency 1.5 times the threshold frequency is incident on a photosensitive
material. If the frequency is halved and intensity is doubled, then photoelectric current
becomes:
1) doubled 2) quadrupled 3) halved 4) zero

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

53. The threshold wavelength of a material is 400 nm. Its work function is:
1) 3.1 eV 2) 3.1 J 3) 6.2 eV 4) 1.8 eV

54. The graph of maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons versus the frequency of incident
light is a straight line. The slope of the graph is equal to:
1) charge on electron
2) work function of the emitting surface
3) Planck’s constant
4) ratio of Planck’s constant and charge on electrons

55. The velocity of ejected photoelectrons depends on:

1) intensity of incident light 3) frequency of incident light
2) both intensity and frequency 4) neither intensity nor frequency

56. Work function for a given metal is 0.5 eV. Photons of energies 1 eV and 2.5 eV are
incident on the metal surface. Maximum velocities of the emitted photoelectrons are in the
ratio: [MHT CET 2006]
1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 4 4) 4 : 1

57. The dimensions of Planck’s constant is the same as the product of: [MHT CET 2010]
1) force and time 3) force and distance
2) force, displacement and time 4) time and displacement

58. Sodium and copper have work function 2.3 eV and 4.5 eV respectively. Then, the ratio of
their threshold wavelength is nearest to [AIEEE 2002]
1) 2 : 1 2) 4 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 1 : 4

59. In photoelectric effect, there is [DPMT 2005]

1) emission of electrons with some fixed certain maximum speed
2) emission of electrons with different speeds, with a certain maximum speed
3) emission of photons on the application of electric field
4) emission of electrons on the application of magnetic field

60. Which one of the following statement is not true about photoelectric emission?
[DPMT 2006]
1) for a given emitter illuminated by light of a given frequency, the number of photo-
electrons emitted per second is proportional to the intensity of incident light
2) for every emitter there is a definite threshold frequency below which no photoelectrons
are emitted, no matter what the intensity of light is
3) above the threshold frequency, the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons is
proportional to the frequency of incident light
4) the saturation value of the photoelectric current is independent of the intensity of
incident light

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

61. 4 eV is the energy of the incident photon and the work function is 2 eV. The stopping
potential will be [DCE 2000]
1) 2 2 V 2) 4 V 3) 6 V 4) 2 V

62. The graph between intensity of light falling on a metallic plate (Iv) with the current (i)
generated is [DCE 2001]

i i i i
1) 2) 3) 4)

Iv Iv Iv Iv

63. The stopping potential, when a metal with work function 0.6 eV is illuminated with light of
energy 2 eV will be [VMMC 2004]
1) 1.4 V 2) 2.8 eV 3) 4.2 eV 4) 0.7 V

64. Which one of the following graphs in the figure shows the variation of photoelectric
current (I) with the voltage (V) between the electrodes in a photoelectric cell?

I I I I
1) 2) 3) 4)

O V O V O V O V

65. When a source is at 1.5 m from a photocell the photocurrent is 1A. If the source is at 2m,
the current is
1) 4/3 A 2) 9/16 A 3) 3/4 A 4) 9/4 A

66. The difference in K.E. of photoelectrons emitted by radiations of wavelengths 2500 Å and
5000 Å are:
1) zero 2) 5.24 eV 3) 3.96 eV 4) 2.48 eV

67. Electrons with energy 5 eV are incident on a cathode C in a photoelectric cell. The
maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is 2 eV. When electron of energy
6 eV are incident on C, no photoelectrons will reach the anode A if the stopping potential
of A relative to C is
1) – 3V 2) + 4V 3) – 1V 4) + 3V

68. Photoelectric threshold frequency of a metal is v0. If light of frequency 4v0 is incident on it,
the maximum K.E. of the ejected photoelectrons is:
1) 4hv0𝜈0 2) 3hv0𝜈0 3) hv0 / 4 4) hv0 / 2

69. A radio transmitter operates at 880 kHz and a power of 10 kW. The number of photons
emitted per second is:
1) 1.71 × 1031 2) 1327 × 1034 3) 13.27 × 1034 4) 0.075 × 1028

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

70. Which of the following graphs gives the variation of photoelectric current IP with the
voltage V applied to the electrodes of a photocell?
Ip Ip Ip Ip

V V V V
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1) Figure A 2) Figure B 3) Figure C 4) Figure D

71. A source of light is placed at a distance of L meter from a photocell and the stopping
potential is found to be V0 volt. If the distance is doubled, the stopping potential will be:
1) 2V0 2) V0/2 3) V0 4) V0/4

72. The momentum of a photon of energy 1 MeV in kg m/s will be

1) 5 × 10-22 2) 0.33 × 106 3) 7 × 10-24 4) 10-22

73. Of the following statements about the photoelectric effect, which one is false?
1) It displays the particle nature of light.
2) Electrons are emitted only if light has a wavelength less than the threshold wavelength.
3) Energies of emitted electrons change with frequency of light.
4) All electrons emitted at a particular frequency of light have the same energy.

74. A sodium surface is illuminated by ultraviolet and visible radiation successively and the
stopping potential is determined. This stopping potential is:
1) equal in both cases 3) more with visible light
2) more with ultraviolet light 4) varies randomly

75. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the variation of K.E. of emitted
photoelectrons with the intensity of incident light of a constant frequency?
K.E K.E K.E K.E

1) 2) 3) 4)

I I I I

76. According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation, the maximum K.E. of photoelectrons

depends on [hv – W0], where v is the frequency of incident radiation and W0 is the work
function. For three different metals, graph is plotted between the maximum K.E. and
incident frequency v. The three graphs obtained:
1) same slope but different intercepts on y-axis.
2) are all parallel to y-axis but at different heights.
3) have different slopes but a constant intercept on y-axis
4) none of the above

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

77. Energy of a photon of frequency v is given by E = hν. The momentum of the photon is
P = h/λ, where λ is the wavelength of the photon. We may then conclude that velocity of
light is given by:
1) (E/P)1/2 2) E/P 3) EP 4) (E/P)2

78. X-rays are used to irradiate sodium and copper surfaces in two separate experiments and
the stopping potential is determined. The stopping potential is:
1) equal in both cases 3) greater for sodium
2) greater for copper 4) infinite in both cases

79. The mass corresponding to photon in motion is:

1) hν/c2 2) hν/c 3) hν 4) zero

80. Two metals A and B are illuminated with appropriate radiations so as to cause
photoemission. The work function of metal A is higher than that of B. Then:
1) threshold frequency of A will be more than that of B
2) both A and B will have same threshold frequency
3) threshold frequency of A is less than that of B
4) none of these

81. The retarding potential necessary to stop the emission of photoelectrons when a target
material of work function 1.24 eV is irradiated with light of wavelength 4.36 × 10-7 m is:
1) 4.08 V 2) 2.84 V 3) 1.60 V 4) 0.36 V

82. In a photoelectric effect experiment, the stopping potential for incident light of wavelength
4000 Å is 2V. If wavelength is changed to 3000 Å, the stopping potential is:
1) 2 volt 3) less than 2 volt.
2) more than 2 volt 4) zero

83. Threshold wavelength of tungsten is 2300 Å. When ultraviolet light of wavelength 1800 Å
is incident on it, the maximum K.E. of the ejected photoelectrons is nearly:
1) 1.5 foot pound 2) 1.5 joule 3) 1.5 erg 4) 1.5 eV

84. Light of wavelength 5000 Å is incident on a metal surface having a work function = 2 eV.
Then the stopping potential is nearly:
1) 2.5 volt 2) 2 volt 3) 0.5 volt 4) 2.5 eV

85. The K.E. of most energetic electrons emitted from a metal surface is doubled when the
wavelength λ of incident light is changed from 400 nm to 310 nm. The work function of
the metal is:
1) 0.9 eV 2) 1.7 eV 3) 2.2 eV 4) 3.1 eV

86. Light of wavelength 4000 Å is incident on a sodium surface for which the threshold
wavelength of photoelectrons is 5420 Å. The work function of sodium is:
1) 4.58 eV 2) 2.29 eV 3) 1.14 eV 4) 0.57 eV

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

87. Two photons of energies 1 eV and 2.5 eV falls on a metal of work function 0.5 eV, one by
one. The maximum K.E. of the photoelectrons are in the ratio:
1) 1 : 4 2) 4 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 2 : 1

88. Ultraviolet light of 7.2 eV is incident on a metal surface, whose work function is 5.4 eV.
The maximum velocity of emitted photoelectrons is:
1) 10 × 106 m/s 2) 4 × 106 m/s 3) 8 × 105 m/s 4) 2 × 105 m/s

89. The energy of a photon corresponding to a wavelength of 6000 Å is 3.32 × 10-19 J. Hence
energy of a photon for a wavelength 4000 Å is:
1) 1.11 × 10-19 J 2) 2.22 × 10-19 J 3) 4.44 × 10-19 J 4) 4.98 × 10-19 J

90. Which of the following is dependent on the frequency of incident light in a photoelectric
experiment?
1) amount of photoelectric current 3) stopping potential
2) threshold wavelength 4) work function of the metal surface.

91. The maximum energy of emitted photoelectrons is measured by:

1) the largest potential difference they can traverse
2) the current they produce
3) the speed with which they emerge
4) the potential difference they produce

92. What is the maximum K.E. with which electrons are emitted if photoelectric current stops
for –1 volt?
1) 1 J 2) 1.6 × 10-19 J 3) 1/1.6 × 10-19 J 4) 1 erg

93. The threshold frequency of a photosensitive surface is 4.4 × 1014 Hz. If Planck’s constant
h = 6.63 × 10-34 Js, then the work function is:
1) 1.82 J 2) 1.82 ergs 3) 1.82 eV 4) 1.82 MeV

94. In the above question, the threshold wavelength is nearly:

1) 6820 × 10-10 m 2) 6820 × 10-10 cm 3) 6820 × 10-8 m 4) 6820 × 10-6 cm

95. The work function of a metal is W0 and λ is the wavelength of the incident light. There will
be no photoelectric effect if:
hc hc hc hc
1) λ > 2) λ = 3) λ < 4) λ ≤
Wo Wo Wo Wo

96. The kinetic energy of photoelectrons depends on:

1) the intensity of the incident light
2) the difference between the frequency of incident light and threshold frequency
3) the sum of the frequency of incident light and threshold frequency
4) the ratio of the incident and threshold frequencies

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

97. Photoelectric effect is based on:

1) law of conservation of linear momentum
2) law of conservation of mass
3) law of conservation of energy
4) law of conservation of angular momentum

98. Stopping potential depends:

1) only upon the energy of the incident photon
2) only on the work function of the metal
3) on the difference between energy of incident photon and the work function of the metal
4) on the sum of energy of incident photon and work function of metal

99. Photons of energy 5 eV are incident on a metal surface. The stopping potential was found
to be 3.5 V. The work function of metal is: [MHT CET 2000]
1) 1.5 eV 2) 3.5 eV 3) 5 eV 4) 8.5 eV

100. Photoelectric current in a photo diode reaches a saturation value because:

[MHT CET 2001]
1) The kinetic energy of electrons has an upper limit
2) The number of electrons emitted depends upon the intensity of incident light
3) The voltage of the power supply in the circuit is fixed
4) The work function of the metal is fixed.

101. When photon of energy 2.5 eV is incident on the metal surface the maximum kinetic
energy of the emitted electrons is T. And when photon of energy 4 eV is incident on the
same metal surface the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is 2T. The work
function of the metal surface is: [MHT CET 2004]
1) 0.5 eV 2) 1.5 eV 3) 1 eV 4) 2 eV

102. The Plank’s constant has same dimensions of: [MHT CET 2004]
1) force 3) linear momentum
2) angular momentum 4) moment of inertia

103. E1 is the kinetic energy of the electron when the frequency of the incident light is ‘n’.
When the frequency is doubled the energy is E2. Which relation of the following is correct?
[MHT CET 2009]
1) E2 = E1 2) E2 = 2E1 3) E2 > 2E1 4) E1 > 2E2

104. For incident frequency n1 stopping potential is v1 then for frequency n2 stopping potential
is: [MHT CET 2012]
h(n 2 − n 1 ) h(n2 − n1 )
1) v2 = + v1 3) v2 = − v1
e e
h(n1 − n2 ) h(n2 + n1 )
2) v2 = + v1 4) v2 = + v1
e e

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

105. The work function of a substance is a 4 eV. The longest wavelength of light that can cause
photoelectron emission from this substance is approximately [AIEEE 2004]
1) 540 nm 2) 400 nm 3) 310 nm 4) 220 nm

106. According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation, the plot of the kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons from a metal versus the frequency of the incident radiation gives a straight
line, whose slope [AIEEE 2004]
1) depends on the nature of the metal used
2) depends on the intensity of the radiation
3) depends both on the intensity of the radiation and the metal used
4) is the same for all metals and independent of the intensity of the radiation

107. A photocell is illuminated by a small bright source placed 1 m away. When the same
source of light is placed 0.5 m away. The number of electrons emitted by photo cathode
would [AIEEE 2005]
1) decrease by a factor of 4 3) decreases by a factor of 2
2) increase by a factor of 4 4) increase by a factor of 2

108. The surface of a metal is illuminated with the light of 400 nm. The kinetic energy of the
ejected photoelectrons was found to be 1.68 eV. The work function of the metal is
(hc = 1240 eV nm) [AIEEE 2009]
1) 3.09 eV 2) 1.41 eV 3) 1.51 eV 4) 1.68 eV

109. The photoelectrons emitted from a given cathode on the incidence of a given
monochromatic beam of light have a/an [AIIMS 1995]
1) energy spread with a lower limit 3) energy spread with an upper limits
2) energy spread with no sharp limits 4) defines energy only

110. What is the energy of a photon whose wavelength is 6840 A0? [AIIMS 2007]
1) 12.1 eV 2) 3.6 eV 3) –13.6 eV 4) 1.81 eV

111. Ultraviolet radiations of 6.2 eV falls on an aluminum surface. Kinetic energy of fastest
electrons emitted is (work function = 4.2 eV) [CBSE PMT 1989]
-21 -19 -25
1) 3.2 × 10 J 2) 3.2 × 10 J 3) 7 × 10 J 4) 9 × 10-32 J

112. The momentum of a photon of an electromagnetic radiation is 3.3 × 10-29 kgms-1. What is
the frequency of the associated waves? [h = 6.6 × 10-34 Js; c = 3 × 108 ms-1]
1) 6 × 103 Hz 2) 7.5 × 1012 Hz 3) 1.5 × 1013 Hz 4) 3 × 103 Hz

113. Photoelectric work function of a metal is 1 eV. Light of wavelength λ = 3000 Å falls on it.
The photoelectrons come out with a maximum velocity of [CBSE PMT 1991]
2 4
1) 10 m/s 2) 10 m/s 3) 10 m/s 4) 106 m/s

114. Number of ejected photoelectrons increases with increase [CBSE PMT 1993]
1) in wavelength of light 3) in frequency of light
2) in intensity of light 4) never

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

115. The kinetic energy of an electron, which is accelerated in the potential difference of
100 volts, is [CBSE PMT 1997]
-17
1) 416.6 cal 2) 6.636 cal 3) 1.602 × 10 J 4) 1.6 × 104 J

116. As the intensity of incident light increases [CBSE PMT 1999]

1) kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons increases
2) photoelectric current decreases
3) photoelectric current increases
4) kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons decreases

117. By photoelectric effect, Einstein proved [CBSE PMT 2000]

1 − Rhc 2
1) E = mc2 2) K.E. = mv2 3) E = hv 4) E =
2 n2

118. A photosensitive metallic surface has work function, hv0. If photons of energy 2 hv0 fall on
this surface, the electrons come out with a maximum velocity of 4 × 10 6 m/s. When the
photon energy is increased to 5hv0, then maximum velocity of photoelectrons will be
[CBSE PMT 2005]
7 6 6
1) 2 × 10 m/s 2) 2 × 10 m/s 3) 8 × 10 m/s 4) 8 × 105 m/s

119. A photo-cell is illuminated by a source of light, which is placed at a distance d from the
cell. If the distance becomes d/2, then number of electrons emitted per second will be
[CBSE PMT 2001]
1) same 2) four times 3) two times 4) one-fourth

120. When photons of energy, hv fall on an aluminium plate (of work function E0),
photoelectrons of maximum kinetic energy K are ejected. If the frequency of radiation is
doubled, the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons will be
[CBSE PMT 2006]
1) K + hv 2) K + E0 3) 2K 4) K

121. Monochromatic light of wavelength 667 nm is produced by a helium neon laser. The power
emitted is 9 mW. The number of photons arriving per sec. On the average at a target
irradiated by this beam is [CBSE PMT 2009]
16 15 19
1) 3 × 10 2) 9 × 10 3) 3 × 10 4) 9 × 1017

122. For a photoelectric cell the graph showing the variation of cut-off voltage (V0) with
frequency (f) of incident of light is best represented by [DCE 2001]

V V V V
1) 0
2) 0
3) 0
4) 0

f f f f

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

123. A light having wavelength 300 nm falls on a metal surface. Work function of metal is
2.54 eV. What is stopping potential? [DCE 2007]
1) 2.59 V 2) 2.3 V 3) 1.60 V 4) 1.29 V

124. Two photons of energies twice and thrice the work function of a metal surface. Then the
ratio of maximum velocities of the photoelectrons emitted in the two cases respectively is:
1) 2 : 1 2) 3 : 1 3) 3 : 2 4) 1 : 2

125. A photon of energy E1, incident on a surface liberates electrons whose energy is equal to
the work function W of the metal. When a photon of energy E2 is incident on the same
surface, energy of the emitted electrons is 3W. The ratio E1/E2 is
1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 3 4) 3 : 1

126. A photon of energy 16 eV is incident on a surface for which the threshold frequency is
1.6 × 1015 Hz. Kinetic energy of photoelectrons in eV is: (Assume h = 6 × 10-34 Js)
1) 22.0 2) 6.4 3) 10.0 4) 3.2

127. The energy required to remove the electron from a singly ionized Helium atom is 2.2 times
the energy required to remove an electron from Helium atom. The total energy required to
ionize the Helium atom completely is: [JEE-MAINS Online 2018]
1) 20 eV 2) 34 eV 3) 79 eV 4) 109 eV

128. When the light of frequency 2v0 (where v0 is threshold frequency), is incident on a metal
plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is v1. When the frequency of the incident
radiation is increased to 5v0, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same
plate is v2. The ratio of v1 to v2 is [NEET 2018]
1) 1 : 2 2) 1 : 4 3) 4 : 1 4) 2 : 1

129. In a photocell, frequency of incident radiation is increased by keeping other factors

constant (v > v0), the stopping potential [MHT-CET 2018]
1) decreases 3) becomes zero
2) increases 4) first decreases and then increases

130. Following graphs show the variation of stopping potential corresponding to the frequency
of incident radiation (F) for a given metal. The correct variation is shown in graph (v0 =
Threshold frequency) [MHT-CET 2018]
potential

potential

potential

potential
stopping

stopping

stopping

stopping

1) 2) 3) 4)
0 v0 F 0 F v0 F v0 F

131. In a Frank-Hertz experiment, an electron of energy 5.6 eV passes through mercury vapour
and emerges with an energy 0.7 eV. The minimum wavelength of photons emitted by
mercury atoms is close to: [JEE-MAINS 2019]
1) 2020 nm 2) 220 nm 3) 250 nm 4) 1700 nm

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

132. In a photoelectric experiment, the wavelength of the light incident on a metal is changed
from 300 nm to 400 nm. The decrease in the stopping potential is close to:
 hc 
 = 1240 nm − V  [JEE-MAINS 2019]
 e 
1) 0.5 V 2) 1.0 V 3) 2.0 V 4) 1.5 V

133. Light of wavelength λ is incident on metal surface, work function of metal is very less than
the K.E. of photon. If wave length λ' is incident, the linear momentum of e becomes 1.5
times. Find out λ' [JEE-MAINS 2019]
5λ 4λ 3λ 4λ
1) 2) 3) 4)
9 3 2 9

134. A 2 mW laser operates at a wavelength of 500 nm. The number of photons that will be
emitted per second is: [Given Plank’s constant h = 6.6 × 10 -34 Js, speed of light
c = 3.0 × 108 m/s] [JEE-MAINS 2019]
16 16 15
1) 2 × 10 2) 1.5 × 10 3) 5 × 10 40 1 × 1016

de Broglie
135. For a given speed, which of the following has the shortest de-Broglie wavelength?
1) electron 2) α-particle 3) proton 4) neutron

136. The de-Broglie wavelength λ of a particle with mass m and kinetic energy E is given by:
2mE h hE
1)  = h 2mE 2)  = 3)  = 4)  =
h 2mE 2 ME

137. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the variations of particle momentum
with associated de-Broglie wavelength?

1) 2) 3) 4)
P P P P

λ λ λ λ

138. An electron enters a uniform electric field and moves with an acceleration. As it moves its
de Broglie wavelength
1) increases 2) decreases 3) remains the same 4) may increase or decrease

139. The de-Broglie wavelength λ of a particle with mass m and kinetic energy E is given by:
[MHT-CET 2012]
h h h h
1)  = 2)  = 3)  = 4)  =
2qm 2qVm 2qmV 2qV

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 Prof. Ravi Prof. Zoheb

140. The de-Broglie wavelength ‘λ’ of a particle [MH-CET 2015]

1) is proportional to mass 3) is inversely proportional to impulse
2) is proportional to impulse 4) does not depend on impulse

141. When electron of mass m is accelerated through a potential difference of V the de Broglie
wavelength is found to be λ. What will be the de Broglie wavelength of a proton of mass
M, when accelerated through a potential difference of 9V : [MH-CET 2016]
 m  M m M
1) 2) 3) 3 4) 3
3 M 3 m M m

142. If the kinetic energy of a free electron doubles, its de-Broglie wavelength changes by the
factor [AIEEE 05]
1) 1/2 2) 2 3) 1/ 2 4) 2

143. If particle are moving with same velocity, then which has maximum de Broglie
wavelength? [CBSE PMT 02]
1) proton 2) α-particle 3) neutron 4) β-particle

144. If the de-Broglie wavelengths associated with a proton and α-particle are equal, then the
ratio of velocities of the proton and the α-particle will be: [JEE-MAINS Online 2018]
1) 4 : 1 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 1 : 4

145. The energy of an electron having de-Broglie wavelength ‘λ’ is (h = Planck’s constant, m =
mass of electron) [MHT-CET 2018]
h h2 h2 h2
1) 2) 3) 4)
2mλ 2 m λ2 2 m2 λ2 2 m2 λ

146. An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 10,000 V. its de-Broglie

wavelengths is, (nearly): (me = 9 × 10-31 kg) [NEET 2019]
-13 -12 -14
1) 12.2 × 10 m 2) 12.2 × 10 m 3) 12.2 × 10 m 4) 12.2 nm

**************

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