By: Phumlani Simelane

Mr PT Simelane
E-mail:
[email protected]
1. PLEASE ALL CELLPHONES OFF OR PUT THEM ON SILENT
DURING LECTURES
2. DON’T BE LATE FOR CLASS
4. DON’T MAKE NOISE IN CLASS
6. TAKE NOTES AND ASK QUESTIONS

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Aim/Purpose:
➢To provide students with Business Analysis tools and
methodologies to solve business related problems

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 What is the Internet?
 What is needed to connect to the
Internet?
 The World Wide Web (WWW)
 Definition

The Internet is a worldwide computer network,

consisting of computers and networks that are
linked using telephone lines, undersea cables,
satellite or microwave for the purpose of
communication and sharing of resources.

Every computer that connects to the Internet or

in a network must have its own unique IP
(Internet Protocol) address.

The word ‘protocol’ means a ‘rule for

communication’.
 Computer / other Internet connection
Internet-enabled
device

Internet Service Provider Wired Wireless

connection connection–
– ADSL Cellular
technology
3G
 The World Wide Web is a service that runs on the Internet and
consists of a vast collection of interlinked, interactive documents
stored on computers all over the world, accessed via the
Internet.
Web page –
electronic
document on
Website -
Web
related
web pages
Home page –
1st page of
web site Hyperlink– built-in connection to
another web page

Web server – website must be hosted here

 URL or web address
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Domain Name
www . Site name . Type of . Geographical
organization location

www . studyopportunities . co . za

www . facebook . com

www . cia . gov
www . gamesdomain . co . uk
wiki.answers . com
en.wikipedia . org
 Types of websites
Portal website
Selection of Internet services from one convenient
location
Many are also Internet Service Providers who offer
some of these services on their sites.
 Types of websites
News website
• Contains
. material relating to current events, news, sport,
weather and exchange rates .
• Many magazines and newspapers maintain websites that
contain summaries of articles from the printed version and
even articles not found in the printed version
 Types of websites
Informational website
Most. government institutions have an informational website.

These websites contain census and tax information as well as

factual information that can be used for research purposes.
 Types of websites
Business or marketing website
A business
. or marketing website contains information about
selling a product or service.
Examples include: Woolworths, Pick and Pay, Kulula, SAA,
Kalahari.net and Telkom
 Types of websites
Personal website
Anyone
. can develop and maintain their own personal website
to share interests, hobbies and life experiences with the
world.

Most people these days are using a blog or a social

networking site for their personal website..
 Types of websites
Wiki
A wiki
. is a website that allows for the collaborative editing and
creating of the content of web pages
 Types of websites
Educational website
Educational
. websites offer ways of formal and informal
learning by means of tutorials and simulations.
 Types of websites
Entertainment website
An entertainment
. website offer all forms of entertainment
such as online videos, music, sport, gaming and much more.

Advocacy website
This type of website describes an idea, opinion or cause and
usually presents the views of a particular group or association.
 Types of websites
Web application website
A web. application is any application that is accessed over the
Internet and is not stored on your local computer.
 Types of websites
Content aggregator
.
A content aggregator is a website or application that gathers
different web content (such as news, weather, movie reviews,
stock prices, etc.) from many different online sources.
 Browsing and searching
What is a web browser?
A web browser is a software application that allows one to
view and explore web pages on the Web either via hyperlinks
by typing the address in the address bar of the web browser.
 Browsing and searching
Most web browsers have the following features:

address bar home button

search bar tabbed browsing

forward button
back button stop button
 Browsing and searching
What is a search engine?
A search engine is a program that is used to search for
documents located on the Internet by using keywords or
phrases entered by the user when looking for information.

diamond
 Browsing and searching
Tips for successful searching

Step 1: Decide exactly what you want to find.

Step 2: Identify keywords.
Step 3: Use synonyms.
Step 4: Check your spelling.
Step 5: Use advanced search options
 a company that
has a
permanent, fast
connection to
the Internet and
sell access and
services for a
monthly fee

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 E-mail

Web page hosting

Wireless and wired Internet access

Fax-to-e-mail

Spam filtering

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Most people would prefer broadband – a
high-speed, high-bandwidth connection to
the Internet.
Criteria

Speed of Shaped
Mobility the line or Cap and
connection unshaped

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  Wired connections – ADSL
A permanent digital connection to the Internet
that operates through a fixed landline.

Advertised Maximum download speed Maximum upload speed

speed
Kbps Mbps Kbps Mbps
1 MB 1024 Kbps 01.00 Mbps 512 Kbps 00.50 Mbps
512 Kb 512 Kbps 00.50 Mbps 256 Kbps 00.25 Mbps

 More bandwidth for downloading than

uploading.

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 Wired connections – ADSL
 Cost of Internet connection includes
a monthly ISP cost and a fixed
monthly cost for the line rental.
 Advantages
◦ Make phone calls on your landline and
use the line for Internet access at the
same time.
◦ A permanent connection which is always
on.
◦ Includes WiFi connectivity.
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 Wired connections – ADSL
 Disadvantages
◦ ADSL may not be available in your area.
◦ Data speed may be limited by your physical
location.
◦ Not a mobile solution.

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 Modem / router
Data Terminating Devices that use
different technologies to send and receive
data over different media.

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 Wireless connections – Dedicated WiFi
technology (e.g. iBurst or Neotel)

 You can only access this type of network

using a modem supplied by the
company. Coverage is limited to where
the company has placed radio towers.

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 Wireless connections – The existing
cellular technology (3G/4G)
 These technologies are implemented by a
cellular communications company (for
example, Vodacom, MTN, 8ta and Cell C)
using their existing infrastructure.

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 Wireless connections – The existing
cellular technology (3G/4G)

 Advantages
◦ Mobile access 24/7 to the Internet from
anywhere in the world.
◦ Use smartphone or tablet to access the
Internet.
◦ No cables to connect to the Internet.

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 Wireless connections – The existing
cellular technology (3G/4G)

 Disadvantages and limitations

◦ Limited or slow access if in area with poor
coverage.
◦ No cables to connect to the Internet.
◦ Never escape communication (such as e-mail
and browsing).
◦ Online privacy or security could be an issue.

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 A way of connecting to an existing
Internet connection (e.g. an ADSL
connection) wirelessly.
◦ Multiple devices can connect to a single WiFi
access point.
◦ WiFi can provide faster data at a lower cost
than if you access the Internet using a 3G
connection.
◦ WiFi connection at home: mobile devices use
cheaper faster data; devices detect WiFi
automatically.

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 Public WiFi (Hotspots or access points):
restaurants, hotels, airports and shopping
malls provide WiFi connectivity as a service.
◦ ‘Hotspot’ or an ‘access point’.
◦ Protected by a password.
◦ Public WiFi can be free or charged per hour.
◦ Efficient if you are using a laptop and don’t have a
3G modem.

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 People prefer data communication that is as
follows:
◦ Always on and everywhere
◦ Fast and reliable
◦ A hassle-free connection

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 People expect their mobile
devices:
◦ To be ‘always on’
◦ To be always connected
◦ To tell you when you are being
communicated with via phone,
SMS, instant messaging, e-mail
or even through services such as
VoIP.

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 Most mobile devices have built-in 3G cellular
technology and the hardware to connect to
any standard WiFi network.
◦ Connect to the Internet using cellular technology
whenever there is a cellphone signal available.
◦ Automatically switch over to a WiFi connection
whenever one is available because WiFi data is
usually faster and cheaper than cellular data.

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 IM (Instant Messaging) and chat
 Mxit, BBM (BlackBerry Messenger Services)
and WhatsApp and online applications such
as Google Chat, IM facility in Facebook.

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 Advantages
◦ Cost effective.
◦ Chat in real-time with more than one person at a
time.
◦ Indicate if available to ‘chat’.
◦ Some applications can be used on a variety of
operating systems.

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 Disadvantages and limitations
◦ Leads to anti-social behaviour.
◦ Creates opportunities for cyber-stalking,
cyber-bullying and identity theft, etc.
◦ No control to ensure that people are who they
claim to be.

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 Protocol that allows telephone calls to be
made over LANs, WANs and the Internet.
 Voice is transmitted on a network in the same
way in which data is transmitted.
 Conference call technology.

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 Advantages
◦ VoIP calls are cheaper than normal phone calls.
◦ The software is generally free.
◦ VoIP allows you to transfer files, as well as make
video conference calls.

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 Disadvantages
◦ Need an Internet connection; both users
need to use the same software.
◦ Need to purchase credits to call phones
that are not on the Internet.
◦ Call quality may be poor if you have a
slow Internet connection.
◦ You can quickly use up your data cap,
especially when using video.

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 Check times zones before calling someone in
another country.
 Only use video when necessary.
 Use decent headset and microphone.
 Pay attention to your contact’s status.

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Video conferencing is an application that allows
two or more people to hold online conferences
at different locations using a computer network
to transmit audio and video as if they were all
in the same room.

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Video conferencing
 Advantages of video conferencing
◦ People you are communicating with are
visible.
◦ Cheaper than normal phone calls or
travelling to a meeting.

 Disadvantages of video conferencing

◦ You need a fast Internet connection.
◦ You use a lot of data (cap) especially
when using video.

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 Good practices when video conferencing
◦ Work in a well-lit location.
◦ Make sure what your camera can ‘see’.
◦ Test the sound and video before you make the
call.

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The sharing of resources
offered as services over the Internet.
 The online storage of files
 The use of programs that run on servers on
the Internet (you see the interface to the
software in your web browser and use the
software as if it is running on your computer)

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 Examples of online software
◦ Amazon
◦ Google Drive – access to web-based word
processing, etc.
◦ Gmail and Yahoo! Mail – web-based e-mail
services.

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 Advantages
◦ Software is always up-to-date.
◦ Don’t have to download or install any software.
◦ Can use the software and access your data
anywhere in the world as long as you have an
Internet connection.
◦ Does not take up space on your local computer.
◦ Server may be more powerful than your own CPU.
◦ Can share documents with other users.
◦ Documents automatically get backed up by the
system.

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 Disadvantages and limitations
◦ Can only be used effectively if you have a
fast, reliable Internet connection.
◦ No longer have full control over the
security of your data or backup.
◦ May have to pay a monthly fee.
◦ Software might not have all the features
or capabilities of desktop software.
◦ Might run slower, depending on the
speed of your Internet connection.

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 Inexpensive way to transfer files, relatively
fast method.
 But: not suitable for large files, some e-mail
systems block some file extensions, not
always secure, restrictions on the number of
recipients, have to send to each recipient.

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 A protocol used for the fast and easy
transfer of files between remote
computers that have an Internet
connection.
 Files uploaded to FTP server, users
download from FTP server.

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 Advantages
◦ Large files can be transferred easily.
◦ Security can be maintained by using a username
and password.
◦ Transfer of a file can be scheduled for time when
network is not so busy.

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 Disadvantages and limitations
◦ People do not know how to use FTP.
◦ Connections can be interrupted.
◦ Not all companies have FTP servers.
◦ FTP can be quite technical – people prefer drag and
drop facilities.

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 Keeping your data ‘in the cloud’

Upload your
files to the site
Install the and send the
Register with
(generally) free recipient a link
the site
software and password
for the
relevant folder

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 Advantages
◦ A a simple, cost-effective method to share and
transfer files.
◦ File extensions are not blocked.
◦ The system backs up the files.
◦ You can save space on your local hard drive.
◦ You can use these systems to synchronise (‘sync’)
your files.

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 Disadvantages and limitations
◦ The amount of space allocated for saving files is
quite small for free usage.
◦ The people you have shared folders with or given
access to these files can remove the files by
mistake.

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 A system whereby the resources of different
computers are shared and used at the same
time to solve a single problem.
 Uses distributed processing where the
processing that is necessary to solve a
problem is distributed amongst computers,
which increases the total processing power.
 Used for scientific or technical applications
that require large amounts of data to be
processed, or high processing power.

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 Examples
◦ A scientist studying scientific concepts has the
ability to use an entire network of computers in
order to analyse data.
◦ A businessman has the ability to access an entire
network of computers in order to forecast the
growth of particular stock.

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 Advantages
◦ Offers a cost-effective solution and the ability to
use many resources.
◦ Provides a method to solve problems that need an
enormous amount of processing power.
◦ Saves both money and resources by utilising the
power of ‘idle’ computers.

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 Disadvantages and limitations
◦ A fast network connection between the
computers and networks is necessary.
◦ The computers that are used may not be fast
enough or might be slowed down.
◦ The computers may be affected by malware
infections.

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 Examples
Renewal of television licences & post boxes - online

Election information accessed online / SMS.

Up-to-date info / forms accessed.

UIF & tax details added / updated & payments

online.

Telephone accounts & call logs – Telkom.

Educational publications, guidelines & past papers -

Education Department’s website

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 Advantages
◦ Improved communication.
◦ Better access to services.
◦ No long queues or long travel distances.
◦ Immediate feedback.
◦ Up-to-date information and documents.
◦ Increased efficiency and lower costs.
◦ Smartphones can access many sites and services.
◦ Need for hard copies is reduced – green
computing.
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 Obstacles
◦ The Digital Divide.
◦ The initial cost.
◦ Concerns about the security, privacy and use of
information.
◦ You’re at the ‘mercy of technology’.
◦ Blame technology for what might actually be
human error.
◦ Two systems need to be maintained – the
traditional ‘manual’ system and the electronic
‘self-service’ system.
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 WAN Internet Bandwidth Broadband

‘modem Wired: Wireless:

ISP
/router’ ADSL 3G/4G

‘shaped ‘unshaped
Cap WiFi
connection’ connection’

Real-time Video
Hotspot VoIP
messaging conferencing

Cloud Online Grid e-

FTP
computing storage computing Government

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Thank you…!