WEB DESIGNING

UNIT 5
Web Hosting
Web Hosting: Web hosting is a service that allows individuals and
organizations to make their websites accessible on the internet. It is a type of
business to provide technology and services needed for web page or website.
It involves storing website files, data, and content on a server that is connected
to the internet. When users want to access a website, their browsers send
requests to the hosting server, which then delivers the requested content to
the user's device.
Here are key components and concepts related to web hosting:

1. Web Hosting Providers:

 Companies that offer web hosting services are known as web
hosting providers or web hosts.
 Popular web hosting providers include Bluehost, HostGator,
SiteGround, and many others.

2. Types of Web Hosting:

 Shared Hosting: Multiple websites share resources on the
same server. It is cost-effective but may have limitations
on resources.
 VPS (Virtual Private Server) Hosting: Virtualized servers
with dedicated resources for each user. It offers more
flexibility and control.
 Dedicated Hosting: An entire server is dedicated to a
single user or organization. It provides the highest level of
control and performance.
  Cloud Hosting: Resources are spread across multiple
servers, providing scalability and redundancy.
 Managed WordPress Hosting: Hosting optimized
specifically for WordPress websites, with additional
management services.
3. Domain Names:
 A domain name is the web address (e.g.,
www.example.com) that users type in to access a website.
 Domain names need to be registered through domain
registrars, and they can be connected to the hosting server.
4. Server Types:
 Web hosting servers can run different operating systems,
with Linux and Windows being the most common.
 The choice of the operating system depends on the
technologies used in the website (e.g., PHP, .NET).
5. Server Resources:
 Resources include CPU, RAM, storage space, and
bandwidth.
 The level of resources provided depends on the type of
hosting plan.
6. Control Panel:
 Hosting providers typically offer a control panel (e.g.,
cPanel) that allows users to manage various aspects of
their hosting account, such as file management, email
accounts, and settings.
7. Email Hosting:
 Web hosting often includes email hosting, allowing users
to create custom email addresses associated with their
domain (e.g., [email protected]).
 8. Security Features:
 Hosting providers implement security measures, including
firewalls, SSL certificates, and regular backups, to protect
websites from cyber threats.
9. Scalability:
 Scalable hosting plans allow users to upgrade or
downgrade their resources as their website's needs change.
10. Uptime and Reliability:
 Uptime refers to the amount of time a server is operational.
Hosting providers aim for high uptime percentages to
ensure websites are accessible.
 Reliability is crucial to ensure that a website is consistently
available to users.
Note: Choosing the right web hosting plan depends on factors such as

the type of website, anticipated traffic, budget, and required features.

It's essential to carefully consider these factors when selecting a
hosting provider and plan.

Registering domains & Defining Name

Servers
Registering a domain and defining name servers are crucial steps in
establishing an online presence. Let's explore these processes:
Registering a Domain:
1. Choose a Domain Name: Domain name /website name is a
address where internet user can access our website. Domain
name can be a collection of letters and numbers
a website can be accessed through IP address but it is difficult
to learn that’s why we use domain name.
  Select a unique and memorable domain name for your
website.
 Check its availability
 Choose domain name registrar.
 Purchase and register your domain.
 Renew when terms end.
Keep in mind, It should reflect your brand, be easy to spell, and
relevant to your content or business.
2. Check Domain Availability:
 Use a domain registration service or registrar to check if
the chosen domain name is available. If it's already taken,
consider variations or different extensions
(e.g., .com, .net, .org).
3. Select a Domain Registrar:
 Choose a reputable domain registrar to register your
domain. Popular registrars include GoDaddy, Namecheap,
Google Domains, and others.
4. Register the Domain:
 Follow the registrar's ins3tructions to register the chosen
domain. This typically involves providing contact
information, selecting a registration period, and making
payment.
5. Add Domain Privacy Protection (Optional):
 Some registrars offer domain privacy protection (WHOIS
privacy) as an optional service. It shields your personal
information from public view in the WHOIS database.
6. Configure Domain Settings:
  Access the domain management panel provided by the
registrar. Here, you can configure various settings,
including DNS records, email forwarding, and domain
forwarding.
Defining Name Servers:
Name servers are servers responsible for translating human-readable
domain names into IP addresses, directing traffic to the correct web
server. When you register a domain, you need to specify the name
servers associated with your hosting provider. Here's how:
1. Choose a Hosting Provider:
 Select a web hosting provider where you plan to host your
website. Popular hosting providers include Bluehost,
SiteGround, and others.
2. Access Hosting Account:
 Once you've signed up with a hosting provider, access
your hosting account's control panel. The control panel
may be cPanel, Plesk, or a proprietary interface.
3. Find Name Server Information:
 In your hosting account, look for information about name
servers. This information is typically provided in the
hosting account setup or welcome email.
4. Update Name Servers at the Registrar:
 Go back to your domain registrar's website and log in to
your account. Find the domain management section.
5. Update Name Server Records:
 In the domain management section, update the name
server records with the information provided by your
 hosting provider. This involves entering the names of the
primary and secondary name servers.
6. Save Changes:
 Save the changes you made to the name server records. It
may take some time (usually up to 48 hours) for the
changes to propagate across the internet.
Once the name server changes have propagated, your domain will be
associated with your hosting provider, and visitors typing your
domain name into a browser will be directed to your website hosted
on the specified server.
Remember that DNS propagation times can vary, so don't be
concerned if your website is not immediately accessible after making
these changes.
Control panel for websites
A control panel for websites is a web-based interface that allows
users to manage various aspects of their web hosting account and
website. It simplifies the process of configuring settings, managing
files, databases, email accounts, and other resources associated with
hosting a website. Here are some common control panels used in
web hosting:
1. cPanel:
 Description: cPanel is one of the most widely used control
panels in the web hosting industry. It offers a user-friendly
interface with a range of tools for website and server
management.
 Features:
 File management (uploading, downloading, and
editing files).
  Email account management.
 Domain and subdomain management.
 Database management (MySQL, PostgreSQL).
 Script installation (Softaculous for one-click
installations).
 Security settings (firewall, SSL certificate
management).
 Website statistics and analytics.
2. Plesk:
 Description: Plesk is another popular control panel that is
widely used, especially in Windows-based hosting
environments. It supports both Windows and Linux
servers.
 Features:
 User-friendly interface with different views (Service Provider
View, Power User View).
 Website and domain management.
 Email account and mailbox management.
 Database management (MySQL, MSSQL).
 Support for multiple programming languages.
 WordPress toolkit for managing WordPress installations.

3. DirectAdmin:
 Description: DirectAdmin is a lightweight and efficient
control panel known for its simplicity and speed. It is
commonly used on budget-friendly hosting plans.
 Features:
 Intuitive interface with basic and advanced settings.
  Domain and email account management.
 File and FTP management.
 Database management (MySQL).
 DNS and SSL certificate management.
4. ISPConfig:
 Description: ISPConfig is an open-source control panel
that provides comprehensive management options for
web hosting servers. It is often used in Linux
environments.
 Features:
 Multi-server management from a single control
panel.
 Domain, website, and email account management.
 Database management (MySQL, PostgreSQL).
 Web statistics and log file analysis.
 Support for multiple PHP versions.
5. Virtualmin:
 Description: Virtualmin is an open-source control panel
designed for managing virtual hosts on Linux systems. It
works well with various web servers, including Apache
and Nginx.
 Features:
 Virtual host and domain management.
 Automatic installation of popular web applications.
 MySQL and PostgreSQL database management.
 Email and spam filter configuration.
  SSL certificate management.
The choice of a control panel often depends on the hosting provider
and the type of hosting plan you choose. Each control panel has its
strengths and may offer specific features that cater to different user
preferences and requirements.
PUBLISH WEBSITE USING FTP:
Publishing a website using FTP (File Transfer Protocol) involves uploading your
website files from your local computer to a web server. FTP provided by TCP/IP ,used
for transmitting files from one host to another. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to
publish a website using FTP:
Prerequisites:
1. Web Hosting Account:
 Ensure that you have a web hosting account with FTP access. You
should have received FTP credentials (hostname, username, password)
from your hosting provider.
2. FTP Client:
 Download and install an FTP client. Some popular FTP clients include
FileZilla, WinSCP, and Cyberduck. For this example, let's use FileZilla.
Steps to Publish Website Using FTP:
1. Connect to the Server:
 Open your FTP client (e.g., FileZilla).
 Enter the FTP server details provided by your hosting provider:
 Host/Server: Your FTP server's hostname (e.g.,
ftp.yourdomain.com).
 Username: Your FTP username.
 Password: Your FTP password.
 Port: The default FTP port is usually 21.
2. Connect to the Server:
 Click on the "Connect" button in your FTP client. This establishes a
connection to the web server.
3. Navigate to Website Files:
 Once connected, your local files (on your computer) will be displayed
on one side of the FTP client, and the server files will be on the other.
 Navigate to the local directory containing your website files.
4. Navigate to Remote Directory:
 On the server side, navigate to the directory where your website files
should be stored. This is often the public_html or www directory.
5. Upload Website Files:
 Select the files and folders from your local directory that you want to
upload to the server.
  Right-click on the selected files and choose the "Upload" option.
Alternatively, you can use the dedicated "Upload" button in the FTP
client.
6. Monitor File Transfer:
 The FTP client will display the progress of the file transfer. You should
see a list of files being uploaded to the server.
7. Verify Files on the Server:
 Once the upload is complete, verify that your website files are now on
the server. You can do this by navigating to the appropriate directory
on the server using the FTP client.
8. Test Your Website:
 Open a web browser and enter your domain name (e.g.,
www.yourdomain.com) to test that your website is live.

Maintaining a Website
Maintaining a website involves various tasks to ensure that it stays
functional, secure, and up-to-date. Here's a guide on key aspects of
website maintenance:
1. Regular Backups:
 Importance: Backups are crucial in case of data loss, server
issues, or security breaches.
 Action:
 Set up regular automated backups.
 Store backups in a secure location, separate from the
hosting server.
2. Software Updates:
 Importance: Regular updates patch security vulnerabilities and
introduce new features.
 Action:
 Update the content management system (CMS), plugins,
themes, and any other software regularly.
 Check for updates at least once a week.
3. Security Monitoring:
 Importance: Protect your website from hacking attempts and
security vulnerabilities.
 Action:
 Install a security plugin or use security features provided
by your CMS.
 Monitor server logs for suspicious activities.
 Regularly update passwords.
4. Content Review:
 Importance: Keep content fresh, relevant, and error-free.
 Action:
 Regularly review and update website content.
 Check for broken links and fix them.
 Ensure that contact information is current.
5. Performance Optimization:
 Importance: Improve user experience and SEO by maintaining
fast page load times.
 Action:
 Optimize images and multimedia.
 Use caching mechanisms.
 Consider using a Content Delivery Network (CDN).
6. User Experience (UX) Testing:
 Importance: Ensure that the website functions well and
provides a positive user experience.
 Action:
  Test website navigation and functionality regularly.
 Check for compatibility with different browsers and
devices.
7. Mobile Responsiveness:
 Importance: Many users access websites from mobile devices.
 Action:
 Ensure that your website is mobile-responsive.
 Test the website on various devices and screen sizes.
8. Review Analytics:
 Importance: Understand user behavior and make informed
decisions.
 Action:
 Regularly review website analytics (Google Analytics, etc.).
 Analyze traffic patterns and user demographics.
9. SEO Maintenance:
 Importance: Maintain or improve search engine rankings.
 Action:
 Regularly review and update meta tags and descriptions.
 Keep an eye on keyword performance.
10. Monitor Forms and Interactivity:
 Importance: Ensure that forms and interactive elements work
correctly.
 Action:
 Test and monitor contact forms, signup forms, and other
interactive features.
11. Review Security Policies:
 Importance: Ensure that your privacy policy and terms of
service are up-to-date.
 Action:
 Review and update privacy policies and terms of service
as needed.
12. Renew Domain and Hosting:
 Importance: Prevent service interruptions by renewing domain
registration and hosting.
 Action:
 Set up auto-renewal for domain registration.
 Ensure hosting fees are paid on time.
13. Accessibility Check:
 Importance: Ensure that your website is accessible to users
with disabilities.
 Action:
 Conduct regular accessibility audits.
 Make necessary adjustments to improve accessibility.
14. Disaster Recovery Plan:
 Importance: Have a plan in place for unexpected issues or
outages.
 Action:
 Develop a contingency plan for server failures or other
emergencies.
 Keep contact information for technical support readily
available.
Regular and proactive maintenance is key to a successful website.
Implementing these practices will help you keep your website secure,
up-to-date, and user-friendly.
SEO and its types

SEO, or Search Engine Optimization, is the practice of optimizing a

website to improve its visibility in search engine results pages
(SERPs). The goal is to increase organic (non-paid) traffic to a website
from search engines. SEO involves various strategies and techniques
to make a website more search engine-friendly.
Types of SEO:
1. On-Page SEO:
Definition: On-page SEO involves optimizing elements on your
website itself to improve its search engine rankings.
Key Elements:
Keyword Optimization: Use relevant keywords in titles, headings,
and throughout the content.
Content Quality: Provide high-quality, valuable, and relevant content.
Meta Tags: Optimize meta titles and descriptions for search engines.
URL Structure: Create clean and descriptive URLs.
Image Optimization: Use descriptive alt tags for images.
2.Off-Page SEO:
Definition: Off-page SEO refers to activities outside your website that
impact your site's search engine rankings.
Key Elements:
Link Building: Acquire high-quality backlinks from reputable
websites.
Social Media: Build a strong social media presence and encourage
social sharing.
Online Reputation Management: Monitor and manage online
reviews and mentions.
Influencer Outreach: Collaborate with influencers to promote your
content.
3.Technical SEO:
Definition: Technical SEO involves optimizing the technical aspects of
your website to enhance its search engine visibility.
Key Elements:
Website Speed: Optimize page load times for a better user
experience.
Mobile Friendliness: Ensure your website is responsive and mobile-
friendly.
Crawlability: Make sure search engine bots can easily crawl and
index your site.
Sitemap: Create and submit XML sitemaps to search engines.
Robots.txt: Use a robots.txt file to control search engine bots' access
to your site.
4.Local SEO:
Definition: Local SEO is focused on optimizing a website for local
search results, especially for businesses with physical locations.
Key Elements:
1. Google My Business: Optimize your Google My Business profile
with accurate information.
1. Local Citations: Ensure consistent business information across
online directories.
 2. Local Keywords: Use location-specific keywords in your
content.
3. Online Reviews: Encourage and manage customer reviews.
5.E-commerce SEO:
1. Definition: E-commerce SEO involves optimizing online stores
to improve their visibility in search engine results.
Key Elements:
i. Product Descriptions: Write unique and compelling
product descriptions.
ii. Product Images: Optimize images with alt tags and
compress for faster loading.
iii. User Reviews: Encourage and showcase user
reviews for products.
Structured Data Markup: Implement structured data for rich
snippets.
6.Voice Search SEO:
a. Definition: With the rise of voice-activated devices, voice
search SEO focuses on optimizing content for voice
searches.
b. Key Elements:
i. Conversational Keywords: Use natural,
conversational language in content.
ii. Local Optimization: Optimize for local voice
searches.
iii. Mobile Optimization: Ensure your website is
mobile-friendly.
 iv. Featured Snippets: Aim to appear in featured
snippets.
7.Video SEO:
a. Definition: Video SEO involves optimizing video content to
improve its visibility in video search engines and on
platforms like YouTube.
b. Key Elements:
i. Video Title and Description: Use descriptive titles
and detailed video descriptions.
ii. Thumbnail Optimization: Create eye-catching and
relevant video thumbnails.
iii. Transcriptions: Provide transcriptions for videos to
improve accessibility and SEO.
iv. Engagement Metrics: Encourage likes, comments,
and shares to boost engagement.
8.International SEO:
a. Definition: International SEO is the optimization of a
website for global audiences, involving multiple languages
and regions.
b. Key Elements:
i. Hreflang Tags: Implement hreflang tags to indicate
language and regional targeting.
ii. Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs): Consider
using country-specific domains.
iii. Localized Content: Create content tailored to
specific regions and languages.
 iv. Geotargeting: Use Google Search Console to set
geotargeting preferences.
Understanding and implementing a combination of these SEO types
is essential for a comprehensive approach to improving a website's
visibility in search engine results. The SEO landscape is dynamic, and
staying informed about industry trends and updates is crucial for
ongoing success.