Group VII
(The Halogens)
By Angeline, Andrew, Yisan,
Nicholas, Jovanka & Erinn
What is
Group VII?
Group VII is a group of non-metal elements and
usually called the halogens. Group VII chemicals
that are generally not safe to keep in a school
laboratory include fluorine gas, chlorine gas,
bromine and hydrogen flouride. These four
chemicals are too dangerous to keep in a school
lab for reasons such as extreme reactivity, high
toxins, high corrosivity and can cause severe
respiratory issues and skin burns, etc.
Why is Group VII
named the Halogens?
Since all halogens have 7 electrons in
their valence shell, they react rapidly
with metals to form salts, hence the name
hallogens.
Physical properties
of the halogens
Low melting and boiling points
Dull and brittle
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Looks dull and not shiny
Low density and light
Trends of physical
properties
As we go down the halogens, or group 7 of the
periodic table, the attractive forces increase
and the halogen becomes more dense.
The atoms increase in size, as they gain extra
electron shells, and the intermolecular forces
become stronger. More energy is required to
break these forces, thus there are higher
melting and boiling points as you go down the
group.
Chemical properties
of the halogens
Highly reactive
Forms halide ions
They have high electronegativity
values.
Form acidic oxides when in contact
with oxygen
Trends of chemical
properties
The halogens are highly reactive in nature.
They often react with metals and non-
metals to form halides. As we go down the
halogens, or group 7 of the periodic table,
they become less and less reactive, unlike
alkali metals, or group 1. Halogens readily
accept electrons as they are short of one
electron to form an octet.
Why do they react in a
similar way?
The halogens react in a similar way due to
their similar chemical properties, which arise
from their electronic configurations which is
all their atoms have 7 outer shell electrons.
Atoms with the same number of electrons
react in a similar way.
Why is group VII
so reactive?
Au
Group VII elements, known as halogens, are highly reactive due to their electronic
configuration. Each halogen atom has seven electrons, meaning they need just one
more electron to complete their outer shell and achieve stability. This strong need to
gain an additional electron makes halogens very reactive, especially with metals.
The closer an element is to having a full outer shell, the more it wants to gain or lose
electrons to achieve stability and this is why halogens react quickly and strongly with
many substances. Furthermore, halogens have a strong attraction to electrons. This
allows them to pull electrons from other elements, often causing strong reactions.
How the halogens
react with halides
In a displacement reaction, the more
reactive halogen atoms oxidise the less
reactive halide ions will be, it’s causing the
halide ions to lose electrons and start to
form halogen atoms. The halogen atoms then
gain electrons to form halide ions, which
were reduced.
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