Experiment No.
11
I Aim:- Testing performance of transistor as a switch
II Resources used :-
III Theory:-
Both PNP and NPN transistors can be utilised as switches. The saturation zone and cut-
off area are also known as the transistor switch’s working regions. This implies that, by
switching between its “top-off” (saturation) and “absolute OFF,” the transistor is used as
a switch.
Cut-off Region: The operating conditions of
the transistor are zero input base current
(IB=0), zero output collector current(Ic=0),
and maximum collector voltage (VCE)
which
results in a large depletion layer and no
current flowing through the device.
Therefore, the transistor is switched to
“Fully-OFF”. So we can define the cut-off
region when using a bipolar transistor as a
switch as being, bother the junctions of NPN
transistors are reverse biased, VB< 0.7v and
Ic=0. Similarly, for PNP transistor, the emitter potential must be –ve with respect to the
base of the transistor. Then we can define the “cut-off region” or “OFF mode” when
using a bipolar transistor as a switch as being, both junctions reverse biased, IC = 0 and
VB < 0.7v. For a PNP transistor, the Emitter potential must be -ve with respect to the
Base.
Saturation Region: In this region, the
transistor will be biased so that the maximum
amount of base current (IB) is applied,
resulting in maximum collector
current(IC=VCC/RL) and then resulting in
the minimum collector-emitter voltage (VCE
~ 0) drop. At this condition, the depletion
layer becomes as small as the possible and
maximum current flowing through the
transistor. Therefore, the transistor is switched “Fully-ON”. The definition of “saturation
region” or “ON mode” when using a bipolar NPN transistor as a switch as being, both the
junctions are forward biased, IC = Maximum and VB > 0.7v. For a PNP transistor, the
Emitter potential must be +ve with respect to the Base
IV Circuit Diagram:
V Procedure
VI Observation Table:
VII Result:
VIII IX. Conclusion:
