ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER
7 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
1. Nomination
- A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively
establish a topic. You try to open a topic with the people you are talking to.
- suggesting, proposing, open up a conversation
Ex. Why don’t we talk about ____?
2. Restriction
- we put limitations on and on-going discussion. Communication restriction
applies to any restriction that you might have as a speaker. As a speaker, these
directions confine you and restrict what you may say
Ex. Let us focus on _____?
Please do not talk _____?
3. Turn Taking
- it pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversation floor. The primary idea is to give all the communicators a chance to
speak because it’s also a two-way conversation.
4. Topic Control
- it is taking to the topic throughout the discussion
Ex. Yes, but….
I know, but…
5. Topic Shifting
- this communication strategy refers to changing the subject in a
conversation because the persons involved in the conversation do not find the
current topic interesting
Ex. By the way ....
To follow up….
Going back to …...
6. Repair
- in conversation, repair means the correction by the speaker of a
misunderstood utterance, either through self-initiated repair or corrected by
others.
Ex. I mean …
Rather, ....
7. Termination
- refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that
end a topic in a conversation
Pre-Closing
- It’s been nice talking to you
Follow up
- I’ll give you a call
Closing
- I look forward to seeing you again
UNDERSTANDING THE TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
some individuals speak because they want information to be:
- transmitted
- motivated
- convince or persuade (listeners)
- entertained (audience)
3 BASIC TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
1. Informative – (Expository)
- to teach the audience something new or to provide worthwhile
information
- what, why, and how
- to educate
3 types of informative
1. demonstration/explanation
- “how to”
- process speech
- how something is done, works, develop, acquired
2. definition
give the meaning of:
- words or phrases
- issues
- theory
- philosophy
ex. a teacher lecturing a specific topic in class
3. descriptive
- it aims to make an audience imagine how a person or object looks like
by the use of descriptive words
- appeal to the senses like sell, taste, looks, touch, and sound
mental picture.
2. Persuasive
- the speaker has a goal of convincing the audience to accept his or her
point of view.
- belief, attitude, and behavior of the audience
3 types of persuasives
1. speech to convince
- to influence our listener’s beliefs or attitudes.
this speech does not require our listeners to do an action but only let the
internalize their present point of view.
2. speech to inspire
- needs to influence our listener’s emotions
3. speech to action
- to influence our listener’s actions and behavior
an example is telling the teenager to stop smoking
3. Entertainment
- is regarded as light speech
- delivered during parties, meetings, and after dinner
- not just to humor but also to drama
- to amuse the audience
TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
1. Manuscript Speech
- involves reading from a prepared script
For who is the manuscript method most advantageous?
a. public figures
b. media personalities
. spokesperson for government and private organizations
2. Memorized speech
- it is mastered and delivered entirely from memory
When should we memorize?
a. introduction of a guest
b. acceptance of award or recognition
. toast
d. eulogy
e. tribute
3. Impromptu Speech
- delivered with little or no tie for preparation
- may occur in offices, meetings, and college classes
4. Extemporaneous speech
- planned and outlined speech
- the speaker does is to read aloud the draft repeatedly until he is able to
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
Analyzing the audience
As a speaker, you have the responsibility to disseminate the information
correctly to your audience.
Knowing your audience before the speech presentation will help you do
the necessary adjustments and provide to the appropriate information.
Choosing the topic
After knowing the audience, the net step in speech making is to choose
your topic.
Choosing your topic carefully is critical to a successful public speaking.
Outlining and organizing
An outline helps the speaker to arrange his ideas logically and helps in
ensuring unity and coherence
Format of a speech outline
Introduction Body Conclusion
Apture the attention of Discussion of the main
Ending of the speech
the audience issue
Attention – getter Narration, exposition Summary statement
3- 5 sentences 5-7 sentences 3-5 sentence
THE TYPE OF ORGANIZATION PATTERN DICTATES THE SUBSTANCE OF
YOUR OUTLINE
A. Chronological Pattern
- Arrange information according to sequence
B. Spatial Pattern
- Arrange information by describing spaces, location, or direction
C. Causal Pattern
- Another term for “cause and effect pattern” begin by presenting the
cause of a condition then move forward by explaining the effects
D. Comparison and contrast pattern
- Present the similarities and differences of a certain thing, person or event
4. Gathering the Material
As a speaker, it is important that you will provide all the needed
information. You an get it through:
1. Internet
2. Printed Edia
3. Non-printed Edia
4. Interview
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
The manner of delivering a speech in front of an audience.
1. Articulation
- focuses on making individual sounds clear and intelligible
- you change the sounds going from your vocal jaw, lips, and other speech
organs in recognizable patterns
2. Modulation
- change in volume, timing, or pitch
- pitch up/down, volume up/down
- enhance emphasis in words, with rising and lowering tones
Components of Voie modulation
1. Pace of speech speed
- timing that varies between very fast and very slow
2. Pause
- intervals in speaking
3. Emphasis
- placing some stress or focus on the keywords or syllables
4. Inflection
- the ups and downs of words
3. Stage Presence
- Charisa and Charm that a speaker possesses
- expressed confidence
4. Facial Expressions, Gestures, and Movements
- Facial expressions
- appropriate will help you connect with your audience
1. Gesture
- to establish contact with the audience and provide visual support
for your message
2. Movements and Body Posture
- shows confidence
- will indicate how confident you are
5. Building Rapport
-rapport means establishing friendly relationships with someone else
- Speech rapport
- harmonious relationship or bond
