LESSON GUIDE
SCIENCE 7
QUARTER 2 – WEEK 5
I. Attributes, Curriculum Content, Standards, and Lesson Competencies
A. Attributes Critical Thinker and Articulate: Be able to inquire,
Key Stage investigate, and convey ideas systematically.
Outcome Indicator 2. Tests Hypothesis to validate ideas Explains,
(Indicator) validates, and analyzes data and information.
Life-long Learner: Be able to take responsibility for their
own learning.
Indicator1. Is open to change and tries out new things and
experiences.
B. Content Cells are the basic unit of life and mitosis, and meiosis are
Standard the basic forms of cell division.
C. Performace By the end of the Quarter, learners demonstrate
Standard understanding that there are two types of cell division, and
that reproduction can occur through sexual or asexual
processes.
D. Learning Learning Competency
Competency Recognize that cells reproduce through two types of cell
and division, mitosis and meiosis, and describe mitosis as cell
Objectives division for growth and repair; (SC7Q2LC5-A5KS3I2)
Objectives
1. To define Mitosis and Meiosis
2. To draw stages of Mitosis and Meiosis
3. To identify what occurs at each phase of cell division.
4. To compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis.
E. Content Cellular reproduction
F. Learning A. ALMs
References B. Book
C. References • MATATAG CURRICULUM Gide,
• Basic Education Curriculum Framework,
• Lessonplanner.ph
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Major_event
s_in_mitosis.svg
• https://byjus.com>Biology>Biology>Article
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I. Teaching and Learning Procedures
A. Lesson Proper
1. Engage
Activity 1: Phases of Mitosis
Use the words in the box to label the phases of Mitosis
Telophase Interphase Anaphase Metaphase
Prophase Daughter cell
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*Students will write their answers below each of the phases.
2.Explore
Activity 2 Drawing Mitosis
Objective: The students will learn about the phases of mitosis by predicting
the order of the phases and by drawing diagrams of the chromosomes
during the various phases.
Instructions:
• Make connections between cell division and the growth of organisms.
• Predict the order of the phases of mitosis given diagrams in a
scrambled order.
• Diagram the various stages of mitosis showing the movement of
chromosomes in the cell.
*Create mnemonic devices to help students remember the order of the phase
Activity 3: Phases of Meiosis
Name the phases of Meiosis. Use the following words for labeling
Prophase I, MetaphaseI, Anaphase I, Telophase I
Prophase II, MetaphaseII, Anaphase II, TelophaseII
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Explain
The Cell Cycle
Why do cells divide?
-For growth and repair
-To get food, water, and waste in and out of our bodies quickly
Three Stages of the Cell Cycle
◼ Interphase
-Period of growth and development
-Longest phase of the cell cycle
- Some cells never leave interphase such as nerve and muscle cells
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Major_events_in_mitosis.svg
• The first stage of Interphase, G1
-The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and
preparing to replicate DNA.
• The second stage of Interphase, S
-The cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.
• The third stage of Interphase, G2
-The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.
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◼ Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus
and nuclear material divide.
◼ Cytokinesis is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides,
creating a new cell.
Why Do Cells Undergo Mitosis?
➢ Mitosis is an exact nuclear division. The DNA in the parent cell is
copied exactly and then the cell nucleus divides exactly so each of the
two daughter cells has the same kind and number of genetic base
pairs arranged in chromosomes as the parent cell.
➢ Mitosis is necessary because when cells reach a surface area to
volume ratio that is too small relative to the rate of diffusion of
nutrients and water into the cell, and thus the nutritional demands of
the cell cannot be met.
➢ In order to address this, the cell undergoes mitosis to form two
identical, but smaller cells, which increases the surface area to volume
ratio, and thus the rate of diffusion can meet the nutritional demands
of the entire cell.
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MEIOSIS
-It is a type of cell division.
-It reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half.
-It produces four gamete cells (egg and sperm cells).
-These gametes unite during reproduction to restore the original
chromosome number in the offspring.
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Major_events_in_mitosis.svg
*Emphasize that Mitosis happens in somatic cells or body cells while Meiosis
is in sex cell.
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Pair of chromosomes is similar in shape , size, and types of genes.
Each locus (location of the gene) in same position on
chromosome.
Humans have 23 pairs of homologues
Housefly – 6 pairs
Chicken – 39 pairs
Apple – 17 pairs
Dog – 39 pairs
Cat – 19 pairs
Homologous Chromosomes
*Example
Prophase I
Longest and most complex phase (90%).
Chromosomes condense.
Synapsis-the pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis
and form a tetrad.
Propahase I –Synapsis
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Prophase I- Crossing Over
Crossing over may
occur in the tetrad:
between nonsister
chromatids, ends
break and reattach
Metaphase I
Shortest phase; paired homologues align.
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT occurs
pairs of homologues line up independently of other pairs’
orientation toward the poles -- random.
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Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate towards the poles
(Tetrads separate)
Sister chromatids remain attached
Telophase I
Each pole now has haploid set of chromosomes (however – still
doubled).
Cytokinesis occurs: two haploid daughter cells formed.
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MEIOSIS II
No interphase II
( no more DNA replication)
Remember: Meiosis II is similar to mitosis
Prophase II / Metaphase II
Telophase II
Same as telophase in mitosis.
Nuclei form.
Cytokinesis occurs (2nd time).
Four haploid daughter cells produced (chromosomes now back to
single condition).
gametes ~ sperm or egg; ovule or pollen grain
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MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS
Mitosis results in two nuclei that are identical to the original nucleus.
Meiosis, on the other hand, results in four nuclei, each having half the
number of chromosomes of the original cell. In animals, meiosis only occurs
in the cells that give rise to the sex cells (gametes), i.e., the egg and the
sperm.
MITOSIS
4. Elaborate
Mitosis- The process by which a cell separates the two copies of its
DNA into two daughter cells.
Meiosis -It is a type of cell division.
-It reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell
by half.
-It produces four gamete cells (egg and sperm cells).
-These gametes unite during reproduction to restore the
original chromosome number in the offspring.
• Interphase- The phase of the cell cycle in which chromosomes are not
visible (unwound as chromatin, not condensed as chromosomes).
• Prophase- The phase of the cell cycle in which chromosomes are
visible.
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• Metaphase- The phase of the cell cycle in which chromosomes are
lined up in the cell.
• Anaphase- The phase of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are
separated/ separating.
• Telophase- The phase of the cell cycle in which the nucleus reforms
after anaphase.
• Cytokinesis- The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell membrane is
fully separated between daughter cells.
• Chromosome A condensed structure in the cells of all organisms that
is made up of DNA.
• Haploid- A cell that contains one set of chromosomes (and only a
single set of genes).
• Diploid- A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
• Somatic- A body cell.
• Sex cell- An egg or sperm; sex cells are haploid.
• Zygote- A fertilized egg.
5. Evaluate
Written Assessment:
*The students will answer the following questions in a questionnaire
provided by the teacher
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer on the lines provided for.
__________ 1. It is the process by which a cell separates the two copies of its
DNA into two daughter cells.
__________2. It is a fertilized egg.
__________3. It is a type of cell division that produces four gamete cells.
__________4. It is an egg or sperm; sex cells are haploid.
__________5. It is a body cell.
__________6. It is a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
__________7. It is a cell that contains one set of chromosomes (and only a
single set of genes).
__________8. It is a condensed structure in the cells of all organisms that is
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made up of DNA.
__________9. It is the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell membrane is
fully separated between daughter cells.
_________10. It is the period of growth and development and the longest
phase of the cell cycle.
II. Label the phases of diagram A. Mitosis and diagram B. Meiosis
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
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III. Using the Venn diagram below, compare and contrast the phases of
Mitosis and Meiosis. Give an explanation for the overlapping concepts on
the space provided.
Mitosis Meiosis
Explanation for overlapping concepts:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Answer Key
I. 1. Mitosis 2. Zygote 3. Meiosis 4. Sex cell 5.Sex Cell
6.Diploid 7. Haploid 8. Chromosomes 9. Cytokinesis 10. Interphase
II. Diagram A.Mitosis – Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Diagram B. Meiosis- Prophase I, MetaphaseI, Anaphase I, Telophase I
Prophase II, MetaphaseII, Anaphase II, TelophaseII
III. Comparison using Vin Diagram
*(Answers may vary depending on the teachers explanation or teaching)
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