Period without any written records. Archaeological excavations are the only evidence for our cultural knowledge. # Mindmapcharts ee ice ae ea Mesolithic age ‘Nealithicage Indus valley civilization Prehistoric period has three ages | ay. sone age, ‘The Iron Age.Prehistory time before rconded history or the invention of writing systems. archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans in Africa Humans inhabit India since Middle Pleistocene era Divided into three periods based on tool-making technologies awe Paihie __Wedaresnd ener ides Upper Pakahie ake Bronze Age Tron Age imbetka- painted Rock Shelters. 98 Mindmapcharts ‘Nevasa - Evidence of eotton. wunnini heen Atranjikheda - Textile printing astinapur- Wild Suga Tnamgaon~ Statue of mother goddess. ~Barllest evidence of agriculture Koldihwa - Bares evidence of rie. Bagor - Domestication of animal. Chirand - Serpent cult, ‘Burzabom & Gufhral-Pit-dvelling. Jonlapuram, And Pradesh ‘Year 70.000 BP Basliest archaeological site Plcltilehominl te inthe San Rie valley. "cine of Homo erst a Hathnom ne Nenad Valley Archaeological evidences ‘Belongs to Middle Pleistocene period(500,000 and 200,000 years ago) No uman fos havebeen soca with tone age olin ni. Rone ob el even 2 DIVA snd. MYA were exe oe Salil Pre Historic Findings First human settlement in IndiaVedietiterature Vedas and Vetaneas Syetnroes mon perceptions on literary sources _-—elisous in nature ss [Link] evar) 52 improper or insufficient chronology Architectural sources _ Excavations Epigraphic sources(Inscriptions) pacar source Archaeological sourcesPaleolithic age - 'Palaeo' old and 'lithic' stone "Palaeolithic" was coined by sir John Lubbock in 1865 Palaeolithic or Old ‘Middle Palaeolithic Sub-divisions50,000 - 100,000 BC ‘Aton witha ey, road ed ‘Made by ping the sides ofthe stones. i charts & : Mindmapcharts Lower Palaeolithie Age represents a Pre-hand-axe industry walk range ‘oan valley in Punjab nowin Pakistan ‘Belan valley in Mirzapur di Wiis Pahalgam in Kashmir Belan valley in Allahabad Bhimbetka and Adamgarh in Madhya Pradesh 36 Rand Singi Talavin Rajasthan ‘Nevasa in Maharashtra ‘Hunsgi in Karnataka “Attirampakkam in Tamil NaduPeriod: 100,000 - 40,000 BC Crude pebble industry during himalayan glaciation. Rohrihills ‘Narmada valley ‘Tools and weapons Tungabadra 3% Mindmapcharts (Middle Palaeolithic Age are Made of Chert apiece of hard stone made by chipping the edges small and medium-sized handaxes and cleavers Blade-like toolsPeriod: 40,000 - 10,000 BC ‘marks the appearance of new flint industries. ‘modern human beings(Homo sapiens) first appeared in the upper Palaeolithic age Bimbhetka(MP) Earliest rock et paintings “Andhra Pradesh Significance 9 Mindmapcharts ‘wre amindapcharts com Chotanagpur Plateau ipper Palaeolithic Age belongs to end period of lee age (Climate became comparatively warm Increase in flora and Fauna ‘Panllelsded blades from a prepared core a Buring ___Achisled stone wit sharp point ‘Used for engraving on rocks and ones Tools ‘int implement with asharpened edge sed for seraping material suchas hide oF wood Leather, wood, and bone were also used Bones were also used to make needles, fishing tools, harpoons, blades and burin tools ScrapersSoan is a tributary of iver Indus sub imalian regia in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, Resions (Sia valley in Punjab and Hes: Bangangn vay in Himachal Pradesh Pr Soha ‘Three stages _[Late-Sohan Soan culture any Shan Sohan complex also called Chopper chopping comple. | —wseofetie tol was dominant, . i nf vga onde rst a bg Teds tos [set mraittnne erent Palaeolithie Culture) %#Mincmapcharts Sera potenti Acheulian Tool types: feceeeia — tools are characterized by distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand-axes” ‘Materials such as int, chaleedony, quartzite, andesite sandstone, cher, and shale were usedle and lithic stone. Middle stone age in India is termed as Late Stone Age, Mesolithic or Microlitic period. started about 8000 BC. and continued up to about 4000 B C. ‘Transitional phase between the Palaeolithic and the Neolithic Ages ‘Warmer climate resulted in increased flora and fauna Langhna (Dstret Mehsana) in Gujarat s® Mindmapchares ee (near: meant fetta Chopani Mando (near Allahabad in Belan Valley) in Uttar Pradesh Birbhanpur (District Burdwan) in West Bengal Bagorin Rajasthan Sanganakall in Karnataka Tuticorin in southern Tamil Nadu People lived in huts with paved floors and wind screens Huts were roughly circular or oval People at Bhimbetka made floors with fat stone slabs. Basics Geographical Distributionpeople began to have fixed settlements people were essentially hunters, food-gatherers and fishermen domesticated varieties of animals Uke eat, sheep and gost ‘bunted smaller animals with bows and Spears depended on vegetables or plants for food rather than animal meat. 2 Feed ole) bara Fractal (eondy busi) Double aris Mule barre witnessed at Sul Nir al and Maadaba Mesh epi inted objets ike mich, anil bones and beds log wi he deadee share ET ce niereltie-Tooke “Tools include blades, points, lunates,t +s, scrapers, arrowheads, geometric and non- trie tools, ee eer ome eee ee ——— | Minc'mapcharts [ited new Honan Jar totems [_—enineefceemtamen anew maureen lesolithic age - Tools. Pottery and Arts.‘neo! new and lithic’ stone, by John Lubbock [Neolithic settlements in the India are not older than 6000 B.C. [Neolithic settlements in India were first developed in the west of the Indus. Cultivation of plants and the domestication of animals began. Led to settled life and growth of village settlements, Crops such as wheat, barley, rice, millet, lentils were cultivated Hunted wild animals such as boar, ngs, gazells, ete. sf Mindmapcharts Domesticated animals include sheep, goat, cattle ete,» "minfmapeharsscom Houses were circular in shape built ona series of bamboo posts with a conical roof Houses were subdivided into four or more internal compartments {In Kashmir valley, the Neolithic people of phase-L lived in circular, oval, rectangular or square pits Basics Settlements ‘Walls were of wattle and split bamboo sereen plastered with mudbuilt of sun-dried bricks. ‘with multiple rooms crops like wheat, barley and cotton were discovered from here. People lived in pts dwelling pits were ether circular or rectangular used numerous tools and weapons made of bone. ‘used coarse grey pottery. evidence of houses Mehrgarh Burzahom Kashmir valley Karnataka Sanganakallu, Brahmagiri, Maski, Piklihal, Hallur Millet cultivation ‘Allahabad cultivation of rice Around Bhima, Krishna and Tungabadra rivers Budihal Uttar Pradesh Neolithic Age - Major sites Andhra Pradesh Utnur earliest site Mindmapcharts - SMindmapcharts | Nagarjmakonta Pai valli ‘Tamil Nadu “yap: domestication of Rie in 7000 8.C. Garo hills in Meghalaya.Barnished grey ware isthe specialty ofthe Neolithic period. Potter ‘Usage of pottery inrensed toa great extent Pottery was nity hand made bat later turned on wheel and fed in large ins. _A®Bureahom a stone slabs eng esi rp hdd enya nation dead are usually buried accompanied by pottery and ormaments, stone tools and even headrest nants were buried inthe urs, usally i the houses.Neolithic Revolution *Mocrpcee Ground and Poised |__ Smooth surfaced with symmetrical shapes, _ ses ads, shoe lor sks, long weeding hoes pick with singe o double working ends, cies ae-cam hammers Made of dont, baat, lt, chlorite, eit shale ge (Windus eystem “Evolution of settled communities ‘Storage of grains due to surplus production Neolithic Revolution 2° ‘Gif) Western India and the northern Deccan (Gv) Southern Deccan.# Mindmapchares ‘Storage of rains due to surplus production es Ground and Politica [Smooth surfaced with symmetrical shapes. axes, ze, shoe lost els, long weeding hes, picks wih singe or double working ends chisel, axe-cum hammers Made of io, besa late, chlorite, schist, shale, geiss sandstone and quart. (indus system (Ganga valley (Gi) Western India andthe northern Deccan (y) Souther Decean.Chaleo - copper and lithic - stone First metal age, copper and its alloy bronze were used Basics Marked the transition from stone age to metal age. Both farming and hunting was prevalent Nucleated settlements Beginning of social inequalities. People did not know writing Fish and meat formed the staple diet Cotton was produced in Decean People knew spinning and weaving Mindmapcharts Developed in the regions of central India and Deccan ‘wow nin dap eats. c088 First village system in India Chaleolithic people did not use bricks No burnt bricks were used Walls were constructed out of mud or mud and wattle, Chalcolithic age Settlements Houses were either circular or rectangular in shape.(est Park a tm ‘nb thd Pt end ie we bd ps oon heh Fost pra tone dal DedStone aes and Blades were absent Ahar Copper tolls wee abundant ‘spindle whorls have been discovered 29 copper bangles and two unique axes }_—Kavaths_(—~seciacs of sent precoos ones such as neath and caren beads ‘Chalcolithie Sites ) Western Madhya Pradesh. Flat rectangular copperanes B Mindmapcharts ‘Western Maharashtra idence of Rice amg rode ‘Nasik Navdatoli