Table of Laplace Transforms

∫ ∞
F (s) = L{f (t)} = f (t)e−st dt, s > 0
0

n!
L{tn } = if n ≥ 0 is an integer
sn+1

Γ(p + 1)
L {tp } = , p > −1
sp+1
a
L{sin(at)} =
s2 + a2
s
L{cos(at)} =
s2 + a2
1
L{eat } = , s>a
s−a
1 (s)
L{f (αt)} = F , α>0
α α

L{eat f (t)} = F (s − a), s > a

L{u(t − a)f (t − a)} = e−as F (s), s > a ≥ 0

{ }
L f (n) (t) = sn L{f (t)} − sn−1 f (0) − sn−2 f ′ (0) − · · · − sf (n−2) (0) − f (n−1) (0), n ≥ 0

dn
L{tn f (t)} = (−1)n F (n) (s) ≡ (−1)n F (s), n ≥ 0
dsn
{ } ∫ ∞
f (t)
L = F (x) dx
t s

{∫ t }
1
L f (x) dx = F (s)
0 s
{∫ t }
L{f (t) ∗ g(t)} ≡ L f (t − x)g(x) dx = F (s)G(s), where G(s) = L{g(t)}
0

L{δ(t − a)} = e−as , a ≥ 0

∫ T
1
L{f (t)} = e−st f (t) dt if f is periodic with period T
1 − e−sT 0
 Table of Fourier Series

1. The Fourier series of a 2L periodic function f is given by

a0 ∑ [ ( nπx ) ( nπx )]
∞
+ an cos + bn sin ,
2 n=1
L L

with ∫ ∫
1 L ( nπx ) 1 α+2L ( nπx )
an = f (x) cos dx = f (x) cos dx, n ≥ 0,
L −L L L α L
∫ L ( nπx ) ∫ α+2L ( nπx )
1 1
bn = f (x) sin dx = f (x) sin dx, n ≥ 1,
L −L L L α L
where α is any real number. If f is an odd function, then
∫ ( nπx )
2 L
an = 0 and bn = f (x) sin dx n ≥ 1.
L 0 L
If f is an even function, then
∫ L ( nπx )
2
bn = 0 and an = f (x) cos dx n ≥ 0.
L 0 L

2. The Fourier series of a function f (x) defined on [a, b] with b − a = 2L is given by

a0 ∑ [ ( nπx ) ( nπx )]
∞
+ an cos + bn sin ,
2 n=1
L L

with ∫
1 b ( nπx )
an = f (x) cos dx, n ≥ 0,
L a L
∫ b ( nπx )
1
bn = f (x) sin dx, n ≥ 1.
L a L
If the 2L-periodic extension f˜ of f to R is an odd function, then an = 0, and if f˜ is an even
function, then bn = 0.

3. The Fourier sine series of a function f defined on [0, L] is given by

∑
∞ ( nπx ) ∫ L ( nπx )
2
bn sin , bn = f (x) sin dx, n ≥ 1.
n=1
L L 0 L

4. The Fourier cosine series of a function f defined on [0, L] is given by

( nπx ) ∫ ( nπx )
a0 ∑
∞ L
2
+ an cos , an = f (x) cos dx, n ≥ 0.
2 n=1
L L 0 L
 Table of Fourier Transforms
∫∞
F{f (x)} = fˆ(λ) = −∞ f (x)eiλx dx.
{ } ∫∞
F −1 fˆ(λ) = 2π 1
−∞
fˆ(λ)e−iλx dλ.

eiλb −eiλa
F(u(x − a) − u(x − b)) = iλ
,a < b.

eiλb −e−iλb
F(u(x + b) − u(x − b)) = iλ
= 2 sin(λb)
λ
.

F(e−|x| ) = 2
1+λ2
.

F{eiax f (x)} = fˆ(λ + a).

F{f (x − a)} = eiaλ fˆ(λ).

F(f ′ (x)) = −iλfˆ(λ).

ˆ
F{xf (x)} = −i dfdλ(λ) .
√
F(e−tx ) = √ e−λ /(4t) , t
2 π 2

t
> 0.

1 ˆ λ
( )
F{f (αx)} = |α|
f α , α ̸= 0.
{∫ }
∞
F{(f ∗ g)(x)} =F −∞
f (s)g(x − s)ds =F(f (x))F(g(x)).
F{δ(x − a)} = eiλa .