Frequency Control in Power Systems
Questions and Answers
Example 1 [H. Saadat, “Power System Analysis”, McGraw-Hill Inc]
Figure shows an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system of an isolated power system. Obtain the
frequency deviation step response for a sudden load change of
Turbine time constant,
Governor time constant,
Generator inertia constant,
Governor speed regulation,
Integral controller gain,
Frequency sensitive load damping constant,
( )
( ) - ( )
- +
-
Answer
Close-loop transfer function:
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )( ) ⁄
Substituting the values:
( )
( )
( )
It is observed that the AGC action has made the zero steady-state frequency deviation.
Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 1
Example 2 [P. Kundur, “Power System Stability and Control”, Mc-Graw Hill Inc]
Transfer function between the change in mechanical power output ( ) and the change in gate position
( ) of a hydro turbine is given below:
and are in per unit.
(a) Sketch the change in mechanical power output of the turbine for a step increase in the gate position.
Assume,
(b) Comment about the response.
Answer
(a) Transfer function of a hydro turbine:
Step response of the turbine action is shown below:
Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 2
(b) The hydro turbine has a peculiar response: a change in gate position produces an initial turbine
power change which is in opposite direction to than expected.
This peculiar response is overcome by having transient droop compensation.
Example 3 [P. Kundur, “Power System Stability and Control”, Mc-Graw Hill Inc]
Frequency control block diagrams of an isolated power system with a reheat steam turbine and a hydro
turbine with transient droop compensation are shown in figures given below:
( )
( ) - ( )
+ +
- ( )( )
Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 3
( )
( ) - ( )
+ ( ⁄ ) +
-
(a) Sketch the change in turbine valve/gate position, mechanical power output and the speed deviation
subjected to a step change in load and compare the performance.
Dr. W. D. Prasad, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa Page 4
