Chapter 5:
Industrial University of Hochiminh City
Bar element
Finite Element Method - FEM
Duong Cong Truyen, Ph.D.
1 2
1-D bar element
One-dimensional bar element
(1-D bar element)
1-D bar element
Stiffness matrix
• Strain-displacement relation:
(Direct method from the
• Stress-strain relation: Hooke’s Law)
• Equilibrium equation:
Stiffness matrix Stiffness matrix
• We have:
• Assuming that the displacement is varying
linearly along the axis of the bar, we can
write:
• We also have:
Stiffness matrix Stiffness matrix
• Thus, we have • The bar behaves like a spring, so we conclude
that
• Where: k is the stiffness of bar
• Or
Stiffness matrix
Stiffness matrix
• Element equilibrium equation is
(Energy approach)
Stiffness matrix Stiffness matrix
• Displacement
Or
• Define two linear shape function in the natrural • Strain
coordinate system
• Where:
⇒ : strain-displacement matrix
Stiffness matrix Stiffness matrix
• Stress • Work done by the two node
• Strain energy stored in the bar • For conservative system, we have
⇒
Stiffness matrix Stiffness matrix
• Or • From:
• Where: k is the element stiffness matrix
And
•⇒
The typical procedure for solving Example 1
bar problem by FEM
• Make the element assembly table
• Calculate the element stiffness matrices
• Calculate the global stiffness matrix
• Make the global finite element equations
• Make the reduced-global finite element • Find the displacement at node 2
equation
• Find the reaction forces at nodes 1 and 3
• Find nodal displacements, nodal reaction
forces, strains and stresses • Find the stresses in two bar
Example 1 Example 1
• The global stiffness matrix
• The element assembly table
• The element stiffness matrices
Example 1 Example 1
• The global finite element equation
• Boundary and loading conditions
Example 1 Example 1
• Nodal displacements • Nodal reaction forces
2
− P
F1 3
=
1
3 − P
F
3
Example 1 Example 2
• Stress in the element 1
(tension)
• Stress in the element 2 • Find the support reaction forces at the
two ends of the bar, given:
(compression)
Example 2 Example 2
• The global finite element equation
• Checking to see if or not the contact of the
bar with the wall on the right
• ⇒ contact accurs
Example 2 Example 2
• BCs • Nodal displacements
• FE equation becomes
Example 2 Distributed load
• Uniformly distributed axial load q can be
• Nodal reaction forces convered to two equivalent nodal forces
of magnitude qL/2
Distributed load Distributed load
• Consider Work done by q • That is: , with
• For the conservative system:
• We have:
• Thus:
The new nodal force
vector is:
Distributed load
• In the case of bar element has three
nodes:
BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ
(Due day: next week, write by hand on
the A4 papers)
Thank you for attention!
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