B.Tech.

I Year II Semester

(A19ES2EE04) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Name & Roll No:- Dept & Section:- .

INDEX

Sl.NO Experiment Name Date of Experiment Signature of Faculty Marks

CYCLE-I
1. Verification of
superposition and
reciprocity theorems.
2. Verification of
maximum power transfer
theorem.
3. Experimental determination of
Thevenin‘s equivalent circuits
and verification by direct test.
4. Experimental determination of
Norton‘s equivalent circuits
and verification by direct test.
5. Analysis of series RL,
RC and RLC circuits.

CYCLE-2
6. Two port network parameters –
Z and Y-parameters.

7. Load test on 1-phase

transformer

8. Speed control of DC shunt

motor.

9. Brake test on 3- ϕ Induction

motor.

10. Control of synchronous

generator voltage through its
field excitation.

Average Marks

Faculty : 1. Mrs.K.Sravani
2. Mrs.R.Geshma Kumari
3. Mrs.B.Naga Swetha
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig : Superposition theorem

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EXP NO:

VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREMS

AIM: To verify the Superposition Experimentally.

APPARATUS:

S.no Items Qty Range

1. Regulated Power Supply 02 0-30V
2. Ammeters 01 0-5A
3. Bread Board 01
4. Resistors Adequate
5. Patch Cards Adequate

STATEMENT:

The response in any element of a linear bilateral network containing two or more sources is the
sum of the response obtained by each source acting separately and with all the other sources set
equal to zero.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (1) .

2. Set V1and V2 at convenient values, say V1 =5V and V2 = 7V.

3. Note down the D.C ammeter (0 – 50 ma) reading IT.

4. Replace V2 with a short circuit and read the ammeter reading I 1 with V1 acting
alone.

5. Replace V1 with a short circuit and read the ammeter reading I 2 with V2 acting alone.

6. Then according to superposition theorem I T = I1 + I2.

7. Repeat steps from 2 to 6 for different combinations of V1 and V2 verify

superposition theorem.
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OBSERVATIONS:

S.No. V1 V2 ITOTAL I1 I2

(volts) (volts) (Both V1,V2 (V1alone (V2alone I1+I2

present) present) present)

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RESULT:

V1 V2 ITOTAL I1 I2

(volts) (volts) (Both V1,V2 (V1alone (V2alone I1+I2

present) present) present)

Theoretically

Practically

Thus, Superposition theorem has been verified practically.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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EXP NO:

VERIFICATION OF RECIPROCITY THEOREMS

AIM: To verify the Reciprocity theorem theoretically and experimentally.

APPARATUS:

S.no Items Qty Range

1. Regulated Power Supply 02 0-30V
2. Ammeters 01 0-5A
3. Bread Board 01
4. Resistors Adequate
5. Patch Cards Adequate

STATEMENT:

The Reciprocity theorem states that in a linear bilateral single source network the ratio of
excitation to response is constant when the position of excitation and response are interchanged.

Let Voltage source Vj in loop j of the network produce current Ik in the loop k. similarly,
the voltage source Vk in loop K produce current Ij in the loop j .

As per Reciprocity theorem,

Ik I j V Vj
 or k 
V j Vk I j Ik
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OBSERVATIONS:

EXCITATION RESPONSE Ratio of EXCITATION RESPONSE Ratio of

At Port 11’ At Port 22’ (1)and (2) At Port 22’ At Port 11’ (3) and (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

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PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (2). Note down the ammeter reading & find

ratio of excitation to response.

2. Inter change ammeter and voltage source as shown in fig ( 3 ) .Note down the

ammeter reading & find the ratio of Excitation to response for this circuit.

3. If the both cases ratio is same then theorem is verified & hence the given network is

reciprocal network.

RESULT:

EXCITATION RESPONSE Ratio of EXCITATION RESPONSE Ratio of

At Port 11’ At Port 22’ (1)and (2) At Port 22’ At Port 11’ (3) and (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Theoretically

Practically

Reciprocity theorem has been verified theoretically and practically.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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EXP NO:

MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEORM

AIM: To verify maximum power transfer theorem theoretically and practically.

APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Qty Range

1. Regulated Power Supply 01 0-30V/2A
2. Ammeter 01 0-200mA
3. Voltmeter 01 0-30V
4. Bread Board 01 -
5. Resistors 03 1k𝛺, 1k𝛺, 2.2 k𝛺
6. Decade Resistance Box 01 -
7. Patch Cards Adequate -

STATEMENT:

A resistive load being connected to a dc network, receives maximum power when the load resistance equal to
the source resistance (Thevenin’s equivalent resistance) as seen from the load terminals.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 1.

2. Apply source voltage (Vs) say 10V from the RPS.

3. Measure the voltage across RL and current through RL & calculate the power delivered to

the load.

4. Vary the load resistance (RL ) and repeat step-3.

5. Remove the load resistance (DRB) and measure the Voc using the network shown in Fig.2.
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OBSERVATIONS:

S.No RL( Ω ) VL(V) IL (mA) Po = VL IL (mW)

Model Graph:
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6. Measure the Rth using the network shown in Fig.3.

Fig.3

7. Po will be maximum when RL = source resistance (Thevenin’s equivalent resistance Rth)

Calculate Pmax =

8. Plot output power P0 Vs Load resistance RL

RESULT:

RTh( Ω )
Pmax (mW) =

Theoretically

Practically

Hence, Maximum power transfer theorem has been verified theoretically and practically.

VIVA-VOCE:

1. What is the condition for getting maximum power transfer in a given DC resistive load network?
2. What is the value of efficiency in maximum power transfer theorem?
3. List the applications of maximum power transfer theorem.
4. Mention the limitations of maximum power transfer theorem.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

a) To find out the load current IL1: b) To find out the Voc:

Fig .1 Fig. 2

c) To find out the Rth: d) Thevenin’s equivalent circuit:

Fig .3 Fig .4
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EXP NO:

VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S THEOREMS

AIM: To verify Thevenin’s theorem theoretically and practically.

APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Qty Range

1. Regulated Power Supply 01 0-30V/2A
2. Ammeters 02 0-200 mA, 0-100 mA
3. Voltmeter 01 0-30V
4. Bread Board 01 -
5. Resistors 04 1k𝛺, 1k𝛺, 2.2 k𝛺 and 3.3 k𝛺
6. Patch Cards Adequate -

STATEMENT:

In any linear active two terminal network consisting of independent and or dependent voltage
sources, current sources and bilateral network elements can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a single voltage source Vth in series with a resistance Rth, the voltage source being
the open circuited voltage across the open circuited load terminals and the resistance being the
internal resistance of the source network looking through the open circuited load terminals.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.

2. Apply source voltage say 15V using RPS.

3. Measure the load current IL using the ammeter.

4. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.2 to measure the open circuit voltage (Voc) across the

terminals AB.

5. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.3 to measure thevenin’s equivalent resistance Rth by

short circuit the voltage source. (Short circuit is the internal resistance of the voltage

source)

6. Connect the circuit shown in Fig .4 to measure the load current IL2, if IL2 = I L1 the

Thevenin’s theorem is verified.

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OBSERVATIONS:

S.No IL1(mA) Vth = Voc(V) Rth(𝛺) IL2(mA)

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RESULT:

IL1(mA) VTH = Voc(v) RTH(Ω) IL2(mA)

Theoretically
Thevenin’s
Theorem Practically

Thus, Thevenin’s theorem has been verified practically.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

a) To find out the load current IL1: b) To find out the short circuit current ISC:

Fig .1 Fig. 2

c) To find out the RN : d) Norton’s equivalent circuit

Fig .3 Fig .4
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EXP NO:

VERIFICATION OF NORTON’S THEOREMS

AIM: To verify Norton’s theorem theoretically and practically.

APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Qty Range

1. Regulated Power Supply 01 0-30V/2A
2. Ammeters 02 0-200 mA, 0-100 mA
3. Voltmeter 01 0-30V
4. Bread Board 01 -
5. Resistors 04 1k𝛺, 1k𝛺, 2.2 k𝛺 and 3.3 k𝛺
6. Patch Cards Adequate -

STATEMENT:

In any linear active two terminal network consisting of independent and or dependent voltage
sources, current sources and bilateral network elements can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a single current source IN in parallel with a single resistance RN, the current source
being the short circuited current across the load terminals and the resistance being the internal
resistance of the source network looking through the open circuited load terminals.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.1.

2. Apply input voltage say 10V from RPS and measure the load current IL1.

3. Now connect the circuit shown in Fig.2 to measure short circuit current Isc.

4. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.3 by short circuiting the input source and measure the

Norton’s equivalent resistance by keeping ohmmeter at terminals A & B.

5. Now connect the circuit as shown in Fig.4 which is Norton’s equivalent circuit to

6. measure the required load current IL2.

7. If IL1 = IL2 Norton’s theorem is verified.

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OBSERVATIONS:

S.No. IL1(mA) IN(OR) IS RN(𝛺) IL1(mA)

(mA)
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RESULT:

IL1(mA) IN (or) ISC (mA) RN(𝛺) IL2(mA)

Norton’s Theoretically
Theorem
Practically

Thus, Norton’s theorem has been verified practically.

VIVA-VOCE:

1. State Thevinen’s theorem.

2. State Norton’s theorem

3. What are the applications of Thevenin’s theorem?

4. Distinguish between Thevenin’s & Norton’s theorems.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig: 1 RL SERIES CIRCUIT Fig: 2 RC SERIES CIRCUIT

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR RLC SERIES CIRCUIT :

Fig: 3 RLC SERIES CIRCUIT

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EXP NO:

ANALYSIS OF SERIES RL, RC AND RLC CIRCUITS

AIM: To verify the Impedance and Current of RL, RC and RLC Series Circuits
APPARATUS:

Sl.No Apparatu Range Quantity

. s
1. Resistor 25 ohms 01
2. Inductor 110 milli Henrys 01
3. Capacitor 50 micro farad 01
4. AC Power Supply 30 Volts AC / 1 01
amp
5. Connecting Wires ----- Adequate

THEORY:

SERIES RLC CIRCUIT

We have seen above that passive components in AC circuits behave very differently
than when connected in a DC circuit due to the influence of frequency, ( ƒ ). In a purely resistive
circuit, the current is in-phase with the voltage. In a purely capacitive circuit the current in the

capacitor leads the voltage by 90 o and in a purely inductive circuit the current lags the voltage

by 90o. The opposition to current flow through a passive component in an AC circuit is called:
resistance, R for a resistor, capacitive reactance, XC for a capacitor and inductive reactance, XL
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OBSERVATION:

V (Volts) I (Amps) Z (Ohms)

RL Circuit
RC Circuit
RLC Circuit

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: (RL, RC & RLC Series Circuit)

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for an inductor. The combination of resistance and reactance is called Impedance. In a series
circuit, the phasor sum of the voltages across the circuits components is equal to the supply
voltage, VS. In a parallel circuit, the phasor sum of the currents flowing in each branch and
therefore through each of the circuits components is equal to the supply current, I S. For both
parallel and series connected RLC circuits, when the supply current is “in-phase” with the supply
voltage the circuit resonance occurs as XL = XC. A Series Resonance Circuit is known as an
Acceptor Circuit.

PROCEDURE:

A) RL SERIES CIRCUIT:

1. Connect the mains cord to the Trainer and switch ‘On’ the mains supply.
2. Make the connections as per fig:1 as shown in above.
3. Apply some Voltage using Variac up to 30 Volts in steps wise.
4. Note down all parameters (Voltage and Current)
5. Tabulate the readings.
6. Calculate the Impedance (Z) and Current.

B) RC SERIES CIRCUIT:

1. Connect the mains cord to the Trainer and switch ‘On’ the mains supply.
2. Make the connections as per fig:2 as shown in above.
3. Apply some Voltage using Variac up to 30 Volts in steps wise.
4. Note down all parameters (Voltage and Current)
5. Tabulate the readings.
6. Calculate the Impedance (Z) and Current.

C) RLC SERIES CIRCUIT:

1. Connect the mains cord to the Trainer and switch ‘On’ the mains supply.
2. Make the connections as per fig:3 as shown in above.
3. Apply some Voltage using Variac up to 30 Volts in steps wise.
4. Note down all parameters (Voltage and Current)
5. Tabulate the readings.
6. Calculate the Impedance (Z) and Current.

RESULT:
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Z- PARAMETERS:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig(i) Fig(ii)
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EXP NO:

TWO PORT NETWORK PARAMETERS –Z PARAMETERS

AIM: To obtain the Z– parameters of a given two –port passive T – Section and  - Section networks.
APPARATUS:

S.no Items Qty Range

1. Regulated Power Supply 01 0-30V
2. Digital Multimeters 02 0-200mA
3. Voltmeter 02 0-30V
4. Bread Board 01
5. Resistors ---
6. Patch Cards Adequate

THEORITICAL DETAILS:

The set of equations and parameter measurements are

Z –Parameter measurement: (OPEN CIRUIT IMPEDANCE PARAMETERS)

V1= Z11I1 + Z12 I2 -- (1)

V2 = Z21I1 + Z22I2 -- (2)

Z11 = V1 / I1  I2=0 -- (3) Z22= V2 / I2  I1=0 ----- (5)

Z21 = V2/ I1  I2=0 -- (4) Z12 = V1 / I2  I1=0 ----- (6)

PROCEDURE:

Z-Parameters: ( T-Section ):

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (1) .

2. Connect a dc voltage source V1 & V2 (set voltage source say 10v) between terminals
a. 1-11 and 2-21 terminals.

3. Open the circuit terminals 1-11.

4. Note down the voltmeter V1 and V2 and Ammeter I1 & I2

5. Open the circuit terminals 2-21.

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OBSERVATIONS:

When V1 & V2 are open I1 & I2 is zero.

T- type V1 (v) V2 (v) I1 (mA) I2( mA)

When I1 = 0

When I2 = 0

Π - type V1 (v) V2 (v) I1 (mA) I2 (mA)

When I1 = 0

When I2 = 0

Model Z11 (Ω) Z12(Ω) Z21(Ω) Z22(Ω)

T-Network

-Network
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6. Note down the voltmeter V1 and V2 and Ammeter I1 & I2.

7. Then Calculate the equations 3,4, 5 and 6.

Z -Parameter π – Section:

8. Repeat the steps 1 to 7 for the circuit shown in figure (2) for ( π-Section).

RESULT:

Model Z11 (Ω) Z12(Ω) Z21(Ω) Z22(Ω)

T-Network Theoretically

Practically

-Network Theoretically

Practically

Thus practically Z- parameters have been calculated.

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Y- PARAMETERS:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig(i) Fig(ii)
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EXP NO:

TWO PORT NETWORK PARAMETERS Y-PARAMETERS

AIM: To obtain the Y – parameters of a given two –port passive T – Section and  - Section networks.
APPARATUS:

S.no Items Qty Range

1. Regulated Power Supply 01 0-30V
2. Digital Multimeters 02 0-200mA
3. Voltmeter 02 0-30V
4. Bread Board 01
5. Resistors ---
6. Patch Cards Adequate

THEORITICAL DETAILS:

The set of equations and parameter measurements are

Y –Parameter Measurement: (SHORT CIRCUIT ADMITTANCE PARAMETERS)

I1= Y11V1 + Y12 V2 ----- (7)

I2 = Y21 V1 +Y22 V2 ----- (8)

Y11 = I1 / V1  V2=0 ---- (9) Y22 = I2 / V2  V1=0 --- (11)

Y21 = I2 / V1  V2=0 ---- (10) Y12= I1 / V2  V1=0 --- (12)

PROCEDURE:

Y-Parameter T – Section:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (1) .

2. Connect a dc voltage source V1 & V2 (set voltage source say 10v) between terminals
1-11 and 2-21 terminals.

3. Short the circuit terminals 1-11.

4. Note down the voltmeter V1 and V2 and Ammeter I1 & I2

5. Short the circuit terminals 2-21.

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OBSERVATIONS:

When V1 & V2 are short V1 & V2 is zero

T- type V1 (v) V2 (v) I1 (mA) I2( mA)

When I1 = 0

When I2 = 0

Π - type V1 (v) V2 (v) I1 (mA) I2 (mA)

When V1 = 0

When V2 = 0

Model Y11(Ʊ) Y12(Ʊ) Y21(Ʊ) Y22(Ʊ)

T-Network

-Network
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6. Note down the voltmeter V1 and V2 and Ammeter I1 & I2.

7. Then Calculate the equations 3,4, 5 and 6.

Z -Parameter π – Section:

8. Repeat the steps 1 to 7 for the circuit shown in figure (2) for ( π-Section).

RESULT:

Model Y11(Ʊ) Y12(Ʊ) Y21(Ʊ) Y22(Ʊ)

T-Network Theoretically

Practically

-Network Theoretically

Practically

Thus practically Y- parameters have been calculated.

VIVA-VOCE:

1. What are the direct expressions for obtaining the Z-Y parameters in the two
types of above networks.
2. Difference between Z- parameters & Y- parameters ?
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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EXP NO:

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM: To find regulation and efficiency of single phase transformer by conducting

load test.
APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Range Type Quantity

NAME PLATE DETAILS:-

Primary Voltage:-
Secondary Voltage:-
KVA rating:-
Primary current:
Secondary current:-

THEORY:

The transformer is to be operating under Load when the secondary winding is completed through a
load (any type) and voltage V1 is supplied to the primary winding. As the secondary winding is
electromagnetically linked with the primary winding, the current in the loaded secondary winding will
the automatically change the current in the primary wingding because the magneto motive forces are
always in equilibrium in any electromagnetic system.
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OBSERVATIONS:

S.No Primary Primary Wattmeter Secondary Secondary Efficiency

Voltage Current reading Voltage Current

MODEL GRAPHS:
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The load is connected to the side and the voltage applied to the primary winding be kept constant
throughout the test.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connection the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the supply and vary the single phase auto transformer such that rated voltage is
applied to primary winding.
3. Note down the values of ammeters, voltmeters &wattmeter by keeping applied primary
voltage constant throughout the experiment
4. Vary the load in steps and simultaneously tabulate the reading.
5. Load is applied up to the rated current.
6. Switch Off the load and reduce the applied voltage.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Avoid loose connections.

2. Supply voltage (primary) should be maintained constant.
3. Load is varied slowly in steps.

RESULT:

Review Questions:

1. List the types of cores used for a transformer

2. What is voltage regulation?
3. What is the use of transformer?
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CALCULATIONS:

Output Power = V2I2

Input Power = Wattmeter Reading
Efficiency= Output/Input
E2-V2
% Regulation =-----------------------X 100
V2
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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EXP NO:

SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM: To Control the speed of a DC Shunt motor using Armature and Field Control

methods and to draw the speed characteristics.

APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Range Type Quantity

NAME PLATE DETAILS:-

Terminal voltage :
Rated current :
Field current :
Power :
Speed :

THEORY:

The speed of a D.C. motor is given by the relation

b



( V- Ia . Ra)
N = K ---------------- ………………… ( 1 )
Φ
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OBSERVATIONS:

ARMATURE VOLTAGE CONTROL METHOD: At shunt field current (Ish) =

S.No IL Ia = IL-Ish Armature Back Emf Speed N

(Amps) voltage Va
(Amps) Eb = Va-IaRa (RPM)
(Volts)
(Volts)

FIELD CONTROL METHOD: At armature voltage Va =

S.NO Field Current( Ish)(Amps) Speed N(RPM)

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Where Ia = Armature current

Ra = Armature Resistance

Φ = Flux per pole

It is obvious that the speed can be controlled by varying

(i) field flux ( field control )

(ii) resistance in the armature circuit (armature

voltage control )

(iii) applied voltage V ( voltage control ).

In the flux control method the speed of a DC motor varies with the field current
(Φ α If). This can be achieved by providing a rheostat in series with the field resistance.
From the above equation (i) the speed of a DC motor is inversely proportional to the
field flux. If the resistance in the field circuit increases then the field current decreases
accordingly. Obviously the flux in the air gap decreases and hence speed will increase.
This method is used for speeds above the no load speed.

In armature control method, as the supply is constant, the voltage across the
armature is varied by inserting a variable rheostat in series with the armature circuit. If
the controller resistance is increased, the potential across the armature is decreased. There
by decreasing the speed of the motor. From above equation (I) the speed of the motor is
directly proportional to the back Emf (Eb) and hence to the P.d across the armature. This
method is used when speeds below the no load speed are required.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keeping the field rheostat in minimum resistance position and armature rheostat in

maximum position. The DPST switch is closed.

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MODEL GRAPHS:

The curve If Vs N for a constant V and the curve Eb Vs N for constant If are
plotted.

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

Back Emf (Eb) = Va- IaRa

Where Va = Armature voltage

Ia = Armature current and

Ra = Armature resistance
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ARMATURE VOLTAGE CONTROL METHOD:

3. Adjust the speed of the motor to its rated value by varying the armature rheostat
(maximum to minimum position).
4. Note down the field current value at this position, it should be maintained constant.

5. The armature resistance is increased in steps so that the voltage across armature

decreases.

6 The reading of voltmeter and speed at constant field current are tabulated.
FIELD CONTROL METHOD:

7. Again adjust the speed of the motor to its rated value by varying the armature
rheostat (maximum to minimum position).
8. Note down the armature voltage at this position, it should be maintained constant

and the field rheostat is varied in steps (minimum to maximum position).

9. The field current and the corresponding speed in each step at constant voltage are

tabulated.

10. The armature resistance of the machine is measured by voltmeter ammeter method.
PRECAUTIONS:

1. Avoid loose connections.

2. Make sure that the rheostats (field and armature) are in their proper initial
positions before starting the motor .
3. Take the voltmeter readings and note the speed after the voltmeter pointer
settles.

RESULT:

Review Questions:

1. What is the need of speed control?

2. Which parameter is used to control the speed?
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

EXP NO:

BRAKE TEST ON THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM: To determine the efficiency at various loads and to draw the performance

curves of a three phase induction motor by conducting a brake test.

APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Range Type Quantity

NAME PLATE DETAILS:-

Voltage:

Load current:

Power:

Speed:

Frequency:
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

OBSERVATIONS:

S.No V (volts) I S1 S2 W Speed S1-S2 Torque Po Pi Eff. P.F Slip

(N)
(Amps) Kg- Kg- Watts Kg-wt (Nw-m) watts watt (%) (s)
wt wt (Rpm)
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

THEORY:

A poly-phase induction motor is a singly excited a.c. machine in the sense that it
is supplied power from a single a.c. source. Its stator winding is directly connected to
a.c. source, where as its rotor winding receives its energy from stator by means of
induction. Balanced poly-phase currents in poly phase windings produce a constant
amplitude rotating m.m.f. wave. The stator produced m.m.f. wave and rotor produced
m.m.f. wave, both rotate in the air gap in the same direction at synchronous speed.
These two m.m.f. waves are thus stationary with respect to each other, consequently the
development of steady electromagnetic torque is possible at all speeds but not at
synchronous speed. The stator and rotor m.m.f. waves combine to give the resultant air
gap flux density wave of constant amplitude and rotating at synchronous speed. Since
an induction motor can’t run at synchronous speed, it is called asynchronous machine.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keeping the three phase auto transformer in minimum output position and
making the mechanical load on motor completely zero , the TPST switch is
closed.
3. The voltmeter reading (V) is adjusted to rated value of induction motor by slowly
varying the 3-phase auto transformer
4. The no-load readings from all meters and no-load speed are noted down.
5. Now, the load on the motor is increased in steps by tightening the rope (or belt)
around the brake drum, each time noting down the readings of Voltmeter,
Ammeter , watt meter, speed and spring balance values.
6. The above step is continued till the ammeter reads the rated current of the
motor.
7. Now, the load is removed completely
8. The 3-phase Auto transformer is brought to min. output position
9. The TPST switch is opened
10. The radius of brake drum is measured
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

MODEL GRAPHS:

Curves are drawn for slip, speed, torque, line current and efficiency against output

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

Input to the motor = Pi = 3 x W

Torque (T) = (S1 S2) * r * 9.81 (N-m)

Where S1 & S2 are spring balance reading in Kgs and ‘r’ is radius of the drum in ‘m’

Total output power (Po ) = 2П NT / 60 (watts)

Where N= Speed in rpm

% Efficiency = (output / input) * 100 = (Pi / Po ) x100

Power Factor (cosФ) = (Pi) / (√3 V I )

= (3 x W )/ (√3 V I )

= √3/VI

Slip (s) = (NS-N)/NS where, NS – Synchronous Speed = (120f)/P

Where f is supply frequency & N - Rotor speed.

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Loose connections should be avoided.

2. In brake test, load should be removed before switching off the Power supply.
3. Load is increased slowly in steps.
4. Brake drum should be cooled with water during brake test
5. The voltage should be maintained constant at rated value.

RESULT:
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

EXP NO:

CONTROL OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR VOLTAGE

THROUGH ITS FIELD EXCITATION

AIM: To control voltage of a 3 – phase alternator by changing its excitation.

APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Range Type Quantity

NAME PLATE DETAILS:-

DC motor Alternator

Voltage

Current

Power

Speed
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

OBSERVATIONS:

O.C.Test:

S.No If V

(Amps) (Volts)

MODEL GRAPHS:

Open Circuit Characteristics are drawn

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB

THEORY:

The open circuit characteristic is a plot drawn between the generated Emf and the field
current. This plot is not a straight line, because of saturation in the iron part of the
magnetic circuit.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the TPST switch in open position and the field rheostat of the motor is kept
in minimum resistance position initially.
3. Start the motor and adjust its speed to rated speed of the Alternator.
4. Slowly increase the excitation of the alternator in steps and note down the open-
circuit voltage.
5. Plot the Open circuit characteristics (V vs If )

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Before closing the TPST switch ensure that the field excitation current is
minimum.
2. Avoid loose connections.
3. Speed should be maintained constant in O.C.Test.

RESULT:
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE LAB