APPLICATION: PLANE AREAS
AREA UNDER A
CURVE
¡Consider the figure on the
right.
¡If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), is continuous and
nonnegative between 𝑎 and 𝑏,
the area bounded by the 𝑥-
axis, between the vertical lines,
𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏, can be
written as the value of the
definite integral
𝒃
𝑨 = * 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒂
AREA UNDER A
CURVE
¡The area can be analyzed as a
rectangle, infinitesimally thin,
whose height is 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and
whose width is 𝑑𝑥. The area of
these imaginary rectangles is
𝑦𝑑𝑥.
¡Adding up all the areas of the
rectangles between 𝑎 and 𝑏 by
integration, we obtain,
𝒃
𝑨 = * 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curve
𝒚 = 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 and 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Ans. 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES 𝒃
𝑨 = # 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curve
𝒚 = 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 and 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Ans. 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES 𝒃
𝑨 = # 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curve
𝟐
𝒙=𝒚 the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒙 = 𝟒
Ans. 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES 𝒃
𝑨 = # 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curve
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟓𝒙 − 𝒙 the 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
and the line 𝒚 = 𝟔
Ans. 𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES 𝒃
𝑨 = # 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curve
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝝅 𝝅
from 𝒙 = − to 𝒙 =
𝟐 𝟐
Ans. 𝟐 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES 𝒃
𝑨 = # 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curve
𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒑𝒔𝒆
EXAMPLES 𝒃
𝑨 = # 𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝒂
AREA BETWEEN
TWO CURVES
¡From the figure, considering
vertical strip, the area between
the two curves is,
𝒃
𝑨 = * 𝒉 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝑩𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑩𝑨 + 𝑨𝑪
AREA BETWEEN
TWO CURVES
¡In the figure, the points of a
curve which lie above the 𝑥
− 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 have positive ordinate
and those below the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
have negative ordinate thus
𝑩𝑪 = −𝑩𝑨 + 𝑨𝑪
𝒃
𝑨 = * 𝒉 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝑩𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑩𝑨 + 𝑨𝑪
AREA BETWEEN
TWO CURVES
¡But 𝑩𝑨 = 𝒚𝑳 and 𝑨𝑪 = 𝒚𝑼 ,
therefore,
𝑩𝑪 = −𝒚𝑳 + 𝒚𝑼
𝑩𝑪 = 𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳
Since 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝑩𝑪, thus,
𝒉 𝒙 = 𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳
The area now is
𝒃
𝑨 = * (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳)𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒚𝑼 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒚𝑳 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑦
AREA BETWEEN
TWO CURVES
¡From the figure, considering
horizontal strip, the area
between the two curves is,
𝒃
𝑨 = * 𝒉 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑩𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑩𝑨 + 𝑨𝑪
AREA BETWEEN
TWO CURVES
¡In the figure, the points of a
curve which lie right side of
the y −𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 have positive
ordinate and those on the
y−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 have negative ordinate
thus
𝑩𝑪 = −𝑩𝑨 + 𝑨𝑪
𝒃
𝑨 = * 𝒉 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑩𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑩𝑨 + 𝑨𝑪
AREA BETWEEN
TWO CURVES
¡But 𝑩𝑨 = 𝒙𝑳 and 𝑨𝑪 = 𝒙𝑹 ,
therefore,
𝑩𝑪 = −𝒙𝑳 + 𝒙𝑹
𝑩𝑪 = 𝒙𝑹 − 𝒙𝑳
Since 𝒉 𝒚 = 𝑩𝑪, thus,
𝒉 𝒚 = 𝒙𝑹 − 𝒙𝑳
The area now is
𝒃
𝑨 = * (𝒙𝑹−𝒙𝑳) 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
𝑥# 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝑳 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒙
¡Find the area bounded by the curves
𝟐 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒙 and 𝒚 = 𝒙
Ans. 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝒃
EXAMPLES 𝑨 = # (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒃
𝑨 = # (𝒙𝑹 −𝒙𝑳 ) 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curves
𝟑
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 and 𝒚 = 𝒙
Ans. 𝟖 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝒃
EXAMPLES 𝑨 = # (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒃
𝑨 = # (𝒙𝑹 −𝒙𝑳 ) 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curves
𝟐
𝒚=𝒙 and 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟐
Ans. 𝟒. 𝟓 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝒃
EXAMPLES 𝑨 = # (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒃
𝑨 = # (𝒙𝑹 −𝒙𝑳 ) 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curves
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
and 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟐 on the Q1
Ans. 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟒 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝒃
EXAMPLES 𝑨 = # (𝒚𝑼 − 𝒚𝑳 )𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒃
𝑨 = # (𝒙𝑹 −𝒙𝑳 ) 𝒅𝒚
𝒂
AREA OF
POLAR CURVES
¡The area of a circular sector
is,
𝟏 𝟐
𝑨= 𝒓 𝜽
𝟐
AREA OF
POLAR CURVES
From the figure on the right,
consider the region bounded
by the graph of the polar curve
𝒓 = 𝒇(𝜽)
and the lines 𝜽 = 𝒂 and 𝜽 = 𝒃
AREA OF
POLAR CURVES
The area is to be analyzed as a
circular sector, infinitesimally
thin, whose radius is 𝒓 = 𝒇(𝜽)
with and angle of 𝐝𝜽.
Adding up all the areas of the
circular sectors between 𝒂 and
𝒃 by integration, we have
𝟏 𝒃 𝟐
𝑨 = * 𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝟐 𝒂
¡Find the area bounded by the curve
𝒓=𝟐
Ans. 𝟒𝝅 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES
𝟏 𝒃 𝟐
𝑨 = # 𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝟐 𝒂
¡Find the area bounded
by the curve
𝒓 = 𝟒(𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)
Ans. 75.40 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES
𝟏 𝒃 𝟐
𝑨 = # 𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝟐 𝒂
¡Find the area bounded
by the curve
𝒓𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
Ans. 8 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES
𝟏 𝒃 𝟐
𝑨 = # 𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝟐 𝒂
¡Find the area bounded
by the curve
𝒓 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
but outside the circle
𝒓=𝟏
Ans. 1.92 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
EXAMPLES
𝟏 𝒃 𝟐
𝑨 = # 𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝟐 𝒂
