PHYSICS

BOOKS PRADEEP PHYSICS (HINGLISH)

GRAVITATION

Problem For Practice

1. Calculate the force of gravitation between

two objects of masses 80 kg and 1200 kg kept

at a distance of 10m from each other Given,

G = 6.7 × 10
11
Nm
2
/ kg
2
.

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2. The gravitational force between two object

is 100N. How should the distance between

these object be changed so that force

between them becomes 50N.

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3. Two electrones each of mass 9.1 × 10
31
kg

are at a distance of 10 A. calculate the

gravitational force of attraction between

them. Given 1A = 10
10
m .

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4. The mass of sun is 2 × 10

30
kg and mass of

earth is 6 × 10
24
kg. if the distance between

the centers of sun and earth is 1.5 × 10

8
km,
calculate the force of gravitation between

them.

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5. Two bodies A and B having masses 2 kg and

4 kg respectively are separated by 2 m. Where

should a body of mass 1 kg be placed so that

the gravitational force on this body due to

bodies A and B is zero?

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6. If the distance between two masses is

increased by a factor of 4, by what factor

would the mass of one of them have to be

altered to maintain the same gravitational

force?

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7. The mass of the earth is 6 × 10

24
kg and

that of the moon is 7.4 × 10 22

kg. If the

distance between the earth and the moon is

3.84 × 10
5
km, calculate the force exerted by
the earth on the moon. (Take G

= 6.7 × 10
– 11 2
N m kg
−2
)

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8. Two satelites of a planet have period 32 days

and 256 days. If the radius of orbit of former is

R, find the orbital radius of the latter.

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9. If the distance of earth form the sun were

half the present value, how many days will

make one year?

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10. The distance of planet Jupiter from the Sun

is 5.2 times that of the earth. Find the period

of revolution of Jupiter around the Sun.

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11. What is the gravitational acceleration of a

spaceship at a distance equal to two earth's

radius from the centre of the earth?

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12. A boy on a cliff 49 m high drops a stone.

One second later, he throws a second stone

after the first. They both hit the ground at the

same time. With what speed did he second

stone?

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13. A stone drops from the edge of the roof. It

passes a window 2 m high in 0 ⋅ 1s . How far is

the roof above the top of the window?

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14. A particle is dropped from a tower 180 m

high. How long does it take to reach the

ground ? What is the velocity when it touches

the ground ? Take g = 10m / s

2
.
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15. To estimate the height of a bridge over a

river, a stone is dropped freely on the river

from the bridge. The stone takes 2 s to touch

the water surface in the river. Calculate the

height of the bridge from the water level. Take

2
g = 9.8m / s

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16. How much would a 70 kg man weigh on

moon ?what will be his mass on earth and

moon ? Given g on moon = 1.7m / s

2
.

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17. A body weighs 10 kg on the surface of

earth. What would be its mass and weight at

the centre of earth ?

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18. A force of 2 kg wt. act on a body of mass 4.9

kg calculate its acceleration.

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19. A force of 20 N acts upon a body whose

weight is 9.8 N. what is the mass of the body

and how much is its acceleration ?

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20. A man weigh 600 N on the earth. What is

its mass ? Take g = 10m / s

2
. If he were taken

on moon, his weight would be 100 N. What is

his mass on moon ? What is acceleration due

to gravity on moon ?

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21. A car falls off a ledge and drops to the

ground in 0.5s. letg = 10m / s

2
(for simplifyng

the calculation).
(i) what is its speed on striking the ground ?

what is its average speed during 0.5s?

(iii) How high is the ledge from the ground ?

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22. An object is thrown vertically upwards and

rises to a height of 10 m. Calculate

(i) the velocity with which the object was

thrown upwards and (ii) the time taken by the

object to reach the highest point.

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23. Mass of an object is 10 kg. what is its

weight on earth ?

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24. An object weigh 10 N when measured on

the surface of the earth. What would be its

weight when measure on the surface of moon

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25. Calculate the value of acceleration due to

gravity on moon. Given mass of moon

= 7.4 × 10
22
kg, radius of moon = 1740 km.

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26. Suppose a planet exists whose mass and

radius both, are half those of earth. Calculate

the acceleration due to gravity on the surface

of this planet.
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27. A ball is thrown up with a speed of 15m / s.

how high will it go before it begins to fall ?

Take g = 9.8m / s
2
.

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Oral Testing

1. What is meant by gravitation?

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2. (a) What holds the atmosphere around

earth? (b) How do you account for flow of

water in rivers?

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3. Is force of gravitation ever repulsive?

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4. What is the value of universal gravitational

constant?

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5. Does gravitational force between two object

depend on medium between them?\

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6. The areal velocity of a planet around the

earth is constant. Which law is this?

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7. When does the gravitational force of

attraction become really large?

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8. How does the period of revolution of a

planet around the sun vary with its distance

from the sun?

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9. What is meant by gravity ?

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10. What is the value of acceleration due to

gravity on the surface of earth ?

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11. Does the value of 'g' depend upon mass of

the body?

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12. All bodies lose their weight at the centre of

earth.why?

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13. What is the ratio pf weight of an object on

moon to its weight on earth?

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14. Can mass of a body ever be zero?

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15. What is the weight of a body of mass 1 kg

on the surface pf earth?

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16. Out of mass and weight of a body, which is

scaler and which is vector ?

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Quiz Testing

1. (a)Gravitational is the phenomenon of

attraction between two terrestrial object only.

In it true ? (b) gravitational is the

phenomenon of attraction between two

terrestrial objects only. Is it true?

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2. (a) Value of gravitational constant depends

neither on mass of two objects nor on

distance between them. Is it true?

(b) Magnitude of gravitational force does not

depend upon medium separating the two

object. Do you agree?

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3. (a) The gravitational force between two

objects depends only on their masses and

distance of separation. The objects may be

rest or rotating. Is this statement correct?

(b)Force ecerted by earth on an apple is same

as forced exerted by the apple on earth. is it

true ?

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4. (a) What are the SI units of G? (b) on what

factors does the value of G depend ?

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5. (a) What are the units of areal velocity?

(b) if distance of earth from the sun were to

increase, what will happen to number of days

in an year?

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6. (a) value of 'g' maximum , at poles or at

equater?

(b) where is value of 'g' minimum , at poles or

at equater ?

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7. (a) Which balance is used for measuring

mass of a body ?

(b) which balance is used for measuring mass

of a body ?

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8. (a) A person weighs 70kg on earth, where

g = 10m / s
2
. What is this mass?

(b) the mass of a child is 20 kg. if

g = 9.8m / s
2
. What is his mass ?

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9. (a) a person weighs 60 kg on earth. Will his

weight increase as he moves to the top of a

hill ?
(b) will the weight of person increase at the

bottom of a mine ?

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10. (a) If ratio are made to fall of two bodies is

1 : 2, what is the ratio of their heights of fall ?

(b) Two bodies are made to fall from two

different height in the ratio 9: 4. What will be

the ratio of their times of fall ?

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Worksheet 1

1. Newton's universal law of gravitation is

expressed mathematically as
Gm 1 m 2
F =
2
d

Answer the following the question based on

this law:

(i) what is represented by m 1, m2 and d?

(ii) what is G called?

(iii) what is the meaning of the world

'universal' in this law?

(iv) Gravitational force between any two

ordinary objects is really weak. why?

(v) why you or your friend sitting near you do

not move towards each other due to

gravitation force of attraction?

(vi) Though gravitational force is the weakest

force in nature, yet it is responsible for

holding our solar system.why?

(vii) will gravitational force of attraction

between two bodies change when they are

placed same distance apart (i) on earth (ii) on

moon?

(viii) how will gravitational force change

between two bodies when distance between

them is halved?

(ix) masses of each of two bodies are doubled.

how should the distance between them be

changed to keep the gravitational force

constant?

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2. How much will a body of mass once kg

1
weigh on moon ? Given mass of moon is
100

1
mass of earth and diameter of moon is the
4

diameter of earth.
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3. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a

velocity of 98m / s. Calculate

(i) The maximum height to which it rises.

(ii) Total time it takes to return to earth.

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4. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower

200 m high. At the same time, another stone is

projected vertically upwards from the ground

with a velocity of 40m / s . Calcuate when and

where the two stones will mest.

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5. Suppose a planet exist whose mass and

diameter both are twice of earth. Calculate

acceleration due to gravity on this planet. On

earth, take g = 9.8m / s .

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Worksheet 2

1. Calculate the force of attraction between

the earth and the sun, given that mass of

earth is 6 × 10
24
kg abd mass of sun

= 2 × 10
30
kg. the average distance between

the two is 1.5 × 10 11

m.

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Worksheet
1. A sphere of mass 25 kg attracts another

sphere of mass 24kg with a force of 0.1

milligram weight. if distance between the

centres of two sphere is 20 cm, what is the

value of G ?

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2. If distance between two masses is

quadrupled, what will be the new force of

attraction between them? given the initial

gravitational pull is 9.8N.

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3. An electron of mass 9.1 × 10

− 31
kg is at a

distance of 10A
∘
from a. porton of mass

1.67 × 10
− 27
kg. calculate the gravitational

force of attraction between them.

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 4. Then ratio of orbital radii of two satellites of

a planet is . what is the ratio of their time

1: 2

period?

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Paper Pen Test

1. The SI unit of gravitational constant is

A. N
 B. J

C. m / s 2

D. N m 2
kg
−2

Answer: D

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2. The gravitational force of attraction

between any two objects does not depend

upon
 A. masses of objects

B. distance between objects

C. size and shape of objects

D. all the three above

Answer: C

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3. According to kepler's third law, with usual

notation:
 A. T 2
/R
2
=constant

B. R 2
/T
3

C. T 2
/R
3
=constant

D. all the three above

Answer: C

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4. Newton's law of gravitation

A. can be verified in the laboratory

 B. can not be verified, but is true

C. is valid only on earth

D. is valid only in our solar system

Answer: A

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5. Two spherical balls of mass 10 kg each are

placed 10 cm apart. Find the gravitational

force of attraction between them.

 A. 6.67 × 105
N

B. 6.67 × 10 −5
N

C. 6.67 × 109
N

D. 6.67 × 10 −9
N

Answer: B

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6. The mass of a body of a body is increased 4

fold and mass of other body is increased 16

fold and mass of other body is increase 16 fold.

How should the distance between then be

change to keep the same gravitational force

between them ?

A. 4 times

1
B. times
4

C. 8 times

1
D. times
8

Answer: C

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7. If the moon attracts the earth, why does the

earth not move towards the moon?

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8. Gravitational force acts on all objects in

properties to their masses. Why then, a heavy

object does not fall faster than a light object?

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9. Calculate the gravitational force on a body

of mass 1 kg lying on the aurface of earth.

Given mass of earth. Given mass of earth is

6 × 10
24
kg and radius of earth is 6400 km.

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10. (a) What holds the atmosphere around

earth? (b) How do you account for flow of

water in rivers?

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11. Does newton's third law apply to force of

gravitation ? Give one example.

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12. The speed of planet is greater when it is

closer to the sun than when it is farther away

from the sun. explain why?

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13. Two bodies A and B having masses 20kg

and 40kg are separated by 10 m. at what

distance from body a should another body C

of mass 15 kg be placed so that net

gravitational force on C is zero?

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14. Define universal gravitational constant.

Given its value with SI units.

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15. The earth attracts a body of mass 2 kg on

its surface with a force of

A. 9.8N

B. 19.6N

C. 6.67 × 10 − 11
N

D. 2 × 6.67 × 10 − 11
N

Answer: B

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16. A stone dropped from a building takes 4 s

to reach the ground. The height of the

building is

A. 19.6m

B. 80.4m

C. 78.4m

D. 156.8m

Answer: C

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17. In the above quation, velocity with which

the sone hits the ground is

A. 39.2m / s

B. 19.6m / s

C. zero

D. 78.4m / s

Answer: A

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18. If g is acceleration due to gravity on earth
e

and g is acceleration due to gravity on moon,

m

then

A. g e
= gm

B. g e
< gm

1
C. g e
= ge
6

1
D. g m
= ge
6

Answer: D

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19. Given, acceleration due to gravity on

surface of earth is g. if g' is acceleration due to

gravity at a height h above the surface of

earth, then

A. g' = g

B. g' < g

C. g' > g

D. g' = 0

Answer: B

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20. The mass of a body on the surface of earth

is 12kg. if acceleration due to gravity on moon

1
is of acceleration due to gravity on earth,
6

then its mass on moon will be

A. 2kg

B. 72kg

C. 12kg

D. 0kg

Answer: C
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21. When a stone is thrown up, it reaches a

certain height and then stars falling down.

Why ?

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22. A body weighs 10 kg on earth, where

g = 9.8m / s
2
. What would be
its mass and weight on moon, where

g = 1.6m / s
2
?

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23. A stone is released from the top of a tower

of height 1960 m. calculate the time taken by

the stone to hit the ground.

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24. The value of 'g' does not depend upon

mass of the body, but gravitational pull of

earth depends on mass of the body, comment.

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25. The value of acceleration due to gravity is

maximum at poles and minimum at

equator.why ?

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26. (i) mass of a body is always constant. Why ?

(ii) mass of a body can never be zero. Why ?

(iii) At the center of earth, weight of a body is

zero. Why ?

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27. A ball thrown up vertically returns to the

thrower after 8 second. Calculate

(i) velocity with which it was thrown

(ii) maximum height it acquired.

(iii) velocity with which it hit the ground. Given

g = 9.8m / s
2
.

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28. Explain why weight of an object on moon is

1
only th of the weight of the object on earth.
6

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29. Define 'g' and 'G'. Establish relation

between the two. How do you use this relation

 to calculate mass of earth ?

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Worksheet 2

1. Take a sheet of paper and piece of stone.

Drop the two together from the second floor

of a building. Check if both of them reach the

ground simultaneously. Explain why if the

answer is 'yes' and why not if the answer is

'no'.
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2. Now, perform the same experiment again in

glass jar from which air has been sucked out.

Check again if both the paper and stone reach

the bottom of glass har simultaenously.

explain why , if the answer is 'yes' and why not

, if the answer is 'no'.

what conclusion do you draw from this activity

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Two object of different masses falling freely

near the surface of moon would

A. have same velocity at any instant

B. have different acceleration

C. experience forces of same magnitude

D. undergo a change in their inertia

Answer: A

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2. The value of acceleration due to gravity

A. is same on equator and poles

B. is least on poles

C. is least on equator

D. increase from pole to equator

Answer: C

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3. The gravitational force between two object

is F. It masses of both object are halved

without changing distance between them,

then the gravitation force would become

A. F / 4

B. F / 2

C. F

D. 2F

Answer: A

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4. A boy is whirling a stone tied with a string

in a horizontal circular path. When the string

breacks, the stone

A. Will continue to move in the circular

path

B. will move alonge a straight line towards

the circular path

C. will move along a straight line tangential

to the circular path

 D. will move along a straight line

perpendicular to the circular path away

from the boy

Answer: C

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5. In the relation F = GM m / d
2
, the quantity

G
 A. depends on the value of g at the place of

observation

B. is used only when the earth is one of the

two masses

C. is greatest at the surface of the earth

D. is universal constant of nature

Answer: D

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6. Law of gravitation gives the gravitational

force between

A. the earth and a point mass only

B. the earth and sun only

C. any two bodies having some mass

D. two charged bodies only

Answer: C

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7. The value of quantity of G in the law of

gravitation

A. depends on mass of earth only

B. depends on radius of earth only

C. depends on both mass and radius of

earth

D. is independent of mass and radius of the

earth

Answer: D

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8. Two particles are placed at some distance. If

the mass of each of the two particles is

doubled, keeping the distance between them

unchanged, the value of gravitational force

between them will be

1
A. times
4

B. 4 times

1
C. times
2

D. unchanged
Answer: B

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9. The atmosphere is held to the earth by:

A. gravity

B. wind

C. clouds

D. earth's magnetic fields

Answer: A
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10. The force of attraction between two unit

point masses separted by a unit distance is

called

A. gravitational potential

B. accelerationa due to gravity

C. gravitational field

D. universal gravitational constant

Answer: D
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11. The weight of an object at the centre of the

earth of radius R is

A. zero

B. infinite

C. R times the weight at the surface of the

earth

D. 1 / R times the weight at surface of the

2

earth
Answer: A

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12. An apple falls from a tree because of

gravitational between the earth and apple. If

F1 is the magnitude of force exerted by the

earth on the apple and F is the magnitude of

2

force exerted by apple on earth, then

A. F is very much greater than F

1 2

B. F is very much greater than F

2 1
 C. F is only a little greater than F
1 2

D. F and F are equal

1 2

Answer: D

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Mock Test 3

1. What is represented by G ? What is its value

on moon ?

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2. Two bodies, one of mass 1 gram and other of

mass 1 kiliogram are dropped are dropped

from the same height.which one will hit the

ground first ?

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3. A body weighs 1 kg on the surface of earth.

What is its mass on moon ?

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4. Which force is responsible for the rainfall

and snowfall on the earth? Is this force ever

repulsive?

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5. Distinguish between gravitational and

gravity.

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6. What is meant by 'free fall' hence define

acceleration due to gravity.

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7. What is centripetal force ? What is its

function ? Illustrate with one example.

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8. Calculate mass of earth taking it to ne a

sphere of radius 6400 km. given g = 9.8m / s

2
and G = 6.67 × 10
− 11 2
N m kg
−2

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9. What do you understand by areal velocity of

a planet ? State kepler's second law of

planetary motion.what does it imply ?

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10. Distance between two bodies is double.

What happens to gravitational force of

attraction between them ?this force is to be

kept unchanged, how should mass of one of

the bodies be changed?

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11. If earth is taken as a sphere of radius 6400

km and mass 6 × 10
24
kg, what would be the

value of g on the surface of earth ?

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12. State the three equations of motion of a

body under the influence of gravitational force

of earth. When is g positive and when is it

negative? What is maximum height?

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13. (i) what is the mass of body of weight 1 kg ?

(ii) what is the weight of a body of mass 1 kg ?

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14. (i) what is the mass of body of weight 1 kg ?

(ii) what is the weight of a body of mass 1 kg ?

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15. The velocity with which a body stricks the

ground is always equal to the velocity with

which it was projected upwards.' is the

statement true ? On what principle is ist based

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16. Prove that time taken by a body to rise to

highest point is always equal to the time taken

by it to fall through he same height.

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17. The weight of a body on the surface of

earth is 392N. What is its mass, when

g = 9.8m / s
2
. If the body is taken to moon, it

weighs 64 N. what is mass of body on moon ?

Calculate acceleration due to gravity on moon.

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18. Using Newton's law of gravitation, calculate

density of earth.

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19. Newton's law of gravitation has been

verified experimentally. But there is enough

indirect evidence of its truth. For example,

gravitational force of attraction of earth is

responsible for binding all terrestrial object

on earth. The same force is responsible for

holding the atmosphere around earth, for

rainfall and snowfall on earth. the

gravitational force alone is responsible for

holding our solar system in place, and so on.

Read the above passage and answer the

following questions:

(i) name any two prediction made on the basis

of this law.

(ii) what values do you learn from this law ?

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20. What happens to garavitational force

between two bodies, when mass of each is

made three times and distance between them

1
is reduced to rd ? Is the value of G affected ?
3

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21. State and explain breifly keplar's laws of

planetary motion.

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22. A ball trown up vertically returns to the

thrower after 10 second. Calculate

(i) the velocity with which it was thrown up.

(ii) the maximum height it reachesand

(iii) its poisition after 7 second.

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23. If mass of earth is roughly 80 times the

mass of moon and diameter of earth is

roughly 3.6 times the diameter of moon, show

that weight of an object on moon will be
1
roughly th of the weight of the object on
6

earth.

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24. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the

earth at a height 5 R above the surface of

earth, where R is radius of earth. Find the time

period of another of another satellite at a

height of 2 R from the surface of earth.

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 25. (a) Calculate average density of earth in

terms of g. G and R.

(b) If gravity of earth becomes zero sudddelny,

what will happen to moon ?

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Model Test Paper 1

1. An object has moved through some

distance. Can its displacement be zero ?

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2. The velocity time graph of a body is as

showh in

what would be the acceleration of the body ?

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3. Uniform motion along a circle is a an

acceleration motion. Comment.

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4. What does the path of an object look like

when it is in uniform motion ?

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5. A train starting from a railway station and

moving with uniform acceleration attains a

speed of 40km / h in 5 min. find its

acceleration.

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6. What is the nature of the distance-time

graphs for uniform and non-uniform motion

of an object ?

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7. Seat belts in cars are called safety belts.

Why?

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8. A body covers half the distance with a

speeed of 20 m /s and the other half with a

sopeed of 30 m / s. What is the average speed

of the whole journey ?

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9. A bullet of mass 20 gram is fired

horizinatally with a speed of 150m / s from a

pistol of mass 2.5kg. What is the recoil velocity

of the pistol ?

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10. A truck starts from rest and rolls down a

hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a

distance of 400m in 20s . Find its acceleration.

Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7

metric tonnes (Hint.1 metric tonne=1000kg)

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11. If diameter of earth becomes half of its

present value and its mass becomes four

times its present value, how would the weight

of any object on the surface of earth be

affected ?

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12. An athlete complete one round of a circular

track of diameter 200m in 40s. What will be

the distance covered and the displacement at

the end of 2 minutes ?

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13. Draw distance time graph of a body (i) at

rest

(ii) in uniform motion and

(iii) in non uniform motion.

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14. Derive graphically the relation v = u + at

,where the symbols have their usual meaning.

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15. A balloon is rising up with an acceleration

of 10m / s . A body is dropped from the

2

balloon when its velocity is 200 m /s . The

body strickes the ground in half a minute.

With that velocity did the body hit the ground

? Take g = 9.8m / s
2
.

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16. To catch a fast cricket ball, a player pulls his

hands backwards. Why ?

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17. The car A of mass 1000 kg travelling at

25m / s collides with another car B of mass

1500 kg moving with a speed of 20 m / s in the

same direction, the velocity of car A becomes

15 m / s, what would be the velocity of car B ?

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18. A 60 kg tiger springs at hunter with a

velocity of 10m / s the hunter possesses a

machine gun that can fire 50 g bullets with a

velocity of 150m / s . the hunter can save

himself from the tiger by firing suitable

number of bullets/sec into the tiger.read the

above passage and answer the following

questions:

(i) What principal is involved here?

(ii) How many bullets/sec. must the hunter fire

into the tiger?

(iii) What lessons do you learn from this?

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19. Two bodies each of mass 10 kg attract each

other with a force of 0.1 milligram weight.

What is the distance between them ?

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20. Using second law of motion, derive the

relation between force and acceleration.

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21. Draw velocity time graph of a body

(i) at rest (ii) in uniform motion

(iii) in uniform acceleration (iv) in non uniform

acceleration.

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22. State the law of conservation of linear

momentium. How do you obtain this law from

newton's third law ?

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23. Define G and g. how are they telated to

eachother ? Use this relation to calculate mass

of earth.

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24. Use velocity time graph to derive the

relation : v
2
− u
2
= 2 as, where the symbols

have their usual meaning.

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25. Which of the following is called the real law

of motion ?

A. Newton's first law

B. Newton's 2nd law

 C. Newton's third law

D. none of these

Answer: B

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26. When we hold a suitcase steady at some

height

A. weight of suitcase stops acting

B. suitcase alone applies force

 C. suitcase is under the action of balanced

forced

D. none of the above

Answer: C

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27. A body A of mass 20 kg collides with

another body B of mass 1 kg. then

 A. force exerted by A on B is more than

that exerted by B on A

B. force exerted by B on A is more than

that exerted by A on B

C. forces exerted by B and A are equel and

opposite

D. cannot predict.

Answer: C

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28. A moving body cannot stop on its own.

This is due to

A. inertia of rest

B. inertia of motion

C. inertia of direction

D. all of theese.

Answer: B

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29. A block is placed on a horizontal table.

Identify the force of action

A. weight of block

B. support of table on the block

C. either (a) or (b)

D. neither (a) nor (b).

Answer: A

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30. In walking, identify the force of reaction:

A. push of our foot on the ground

B. push of ground on our foot

C. either (a) or (b)

D. neither (a) nor (b).

Answer: B

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31. The condition for validity of the principle of

conservation of linear momentum is :

A. external force should be acting on any

one body

B. external force should be aacting on both

the bodies

C. no external unbalanced force should act

on the system

D. none of these
Answer: C

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32. The force of action and reaction can occur

only when two bodies collide against one

another. The statement is

A. true

B. false

C. sometimes true and sometimes false

D. cannot predict.
Answer: B

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33. The forces of action and reaction appear

only when the bodies are at rest. The

statement is

A. true

B. false

C. sometimes true and sometimes false

D. can not predict.

Answer: B

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34. A proton moving with a velocity of 10 6

m /s

collides with a neutron at rest. If collision is

prefectliy elastic, then after collsion, what are

the velocities of porton and neutron?

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35. A 10 gram bullet is shot from a 2 kg gun

with a velocity of 400 m / s. What is the speed

of recoil of the gun ?

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36. A man weighing 50 kg runs along a railway

track with a velocity of 18 km / h and jumps

onto a stationary car of 2 quintal standing on

the rails. What would be the velocity acquered

by the car ?
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Problems

1. The gravitational force between two object

is F. How will this force change when

(i)distance between them is reduced to half?

(ii) the mass of each object is quadrupled?

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2. A sphere of mass 40kg is attracted by a

second sphere of mass 15kg , when their

centres are 20cm apart, with a force of 0.1

miligram weight. Caculate the value of

gravitational constant.

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3. A body of mass 1 kg is placed at a distance

of 2m from another body of mass 10kg. At

what distance from the body of 1kg, another

body of mass 5kg be placed so that the net

force of gravitation acting on the body of

mass 1kg is zero?

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4. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the

earth at a height 5 R above the surface of

earth, where R is radius of earth. Find the time

period of another of another satellite at a

height of 2 R from the surface of earth.

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5. Calculate the force of gravity acting on your

friend of mass 60kg.Given mass of earth =

6 × 10
24
kg and radius of Earth=6.4 × 10
6
m .

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6. The Earth's gravitational force causes an

acceleration of 5m / s
2
in a 1 kg mass

somewhere in space. How much will The same

place?

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7. A particle is thrown up verticaly with a

velocity with a velocity of 50m / s. what will be

its velocity at the highest point of the journey

? How high would the particle rise ? What time

would it take it take to reach the highest point

? Take g = 10m / s
2
.

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8. A stone is dropped from the edge of a roof.

(a) How long does it take to fall 4.9m? (b) How

fast does it move at the end of that fall? (c)

How fast does it move at the end of 7.9m? (d)

What is its acceleration after 1s and after 2 s?

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9. If a planet existed whose mass was twice

that of Earth and whose radius 3 time greater,

how much will a 1 kg mass weigh on the

planet?

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10. The weight of a man on the surface of

Earth is 588 N. Find his mass, taking

g = 9.8m / s
2
. If the man were taking to Moon,

his weight would be 98 N. What is his mass on

Moon?

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Ncert Question

1. State the universal law of gravitation.

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2. Write the formula to find the magnitude of

the gravitational force between the Earth and

an object on the surface of the Earth.

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3. What do you mean by free fall?

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4. What do you mean by acceleration due to

gravity?

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5. What is the ratio pf weight of an object on

moon to its weight on earth?

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6. You find your mass to be 42 kg on a

weighing machine. In your mass more or less

than 42kg?

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7. The gravitational force between two object

is F.How will this force change when

(i)distance between them is reduced to half?

(ii) the mass of each object is quadrupled?

 Watch Video Solution

8. Gravitational force acts on all objects in

properties to their masses. Why then, a heavy

object does not fall faster than a light object?

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9. What is the magnitude of the gravitational

force between the Earth and a 1kg object on

its surface ? (Mass of the earth is 6 × 10

24
kg

and radius of the Earth is 6.4 × 10 6

m) .
 Watch Video Solution

10. The Earth and the moon are attracted to

each other by each other by gravitational

force. Does the earth attract the moon with a

force that is greater or smaller or the same as

the force with which the moon attracts the

earth ? Why?

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11. If the moon attracts the earth, why does

the earth not move towards the moon?

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12. What happens to the force between two

object, if

(i) the mass of one object is doubled ? (ii) the

distance between the object is doubled and

tripled?

(iii) the masses of both object are doubled?

 Watch Video Solution

13. What is the imprtance of universal law of

gravitation?

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14. What is the acceleration of free fall?

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15. What do we call the gravitational force

between the earth and an object ?

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16. Amit buys few grams of gold at the poles as

per the instruction of one of his friends. He

hands over the same when he meets him at

the equator. Will the friend agree with the

weight of gold bought ? If not, why ? [Hint. The

value of g is greater at the poles than at the

equater.]

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17. Why will a sheet of paper fall slower than

one that is crumpled into a ball?

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18. Gravitational force on the surface of the

moon is only 1 / 6 as gravitational force on the

earth. What is the weight in newtons of a 10kg

object on the moon and on the earth?

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19. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a

velocity of 49m / s. Calulate

(i) The maximum height to which it rises,

(ii) the total time it takes to return to the

surface of the earth.

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20. A stone is released from the top of a tower

of height 19.6m. Calculate its final velocity just

before touching the ground.

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21. A stone is thrown verticaly upward with an

initial velocity of 40m / s. Taking g = 10m / s

2
,

find the maximum height reached by the

stone. What is the net displacement and the

total distance covered by the stone?

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22. Calculate the force of gravitation between

the earth the sun, given that the mass of the

earth = 6 × 10
24
kg and mass of the sun

= 2 × 10
30
kg. The average distance between

the two is 1.5 × 10 11

m .

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23. A stone is allowed to fall from the top of a

tower 100m high and at the same time

another stone is projected vertically upwards

from the ground with a velocity of 25m / s .

Calculate when and where the two stone will

meet.

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24. A ball thrown up vertically returns to the

thrower after 6s. Find

(a) the velocity with which it was thrown up.

(b) the maximum height it reaches, and (c) its

position after 4s.

 Watch Video Solution

Short Answer

1. What is the source of centripetal force that

a planet requires to revolve around the sun ?

On what factors does that force depend?

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2. On the earth, a stone is thrown from a

height in a direction parallel to the earth's

surfaces while another stone is simultaneously

dropped from the same height. Which stone

whould reach the ground first and why ?

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3. Suppose gravity of earth suddenly become

zero, then in which direction will the moon

begin to move if no other celestial body

affects it?

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4. Identical packets are dropped from two

areoplanes, one above the equator and the

other above the north poole, both at height h.

Assuming all condition are identical, will those

packets take same time to reach the surface of

earth. Justify your answer.

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5. The weight of any person on the moon is

about 1 / 6 times that on the earth. He can lift

a mass of 15 kg on the earth. What will be the

maximum mass, which can be lifted by the

same force applied by the person on the

moon?

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6. Calculate the average density of earth in

terms of g, G and R.

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7. The Earth is acted upon by the gravitational

force of attraction due to the sun. They why

does the Earth not fall towards sun?

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8. What is inverse square rule ?

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9. Name two application of Newton's law of

gravitation.

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10. Why don't two object move towards each

other due to gravitational pull between them

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11. Which of kepler's laws led N ewt on to

inverse square rule for gravitational force ?

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12. In free fall, will heavier objects have more

acceleration due to gravity than light ones ?

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13. Can a body have mass but no weight ?

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14. Can a body have weight but no mass?

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15. On what factors does the weight of a body

depend ?

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16. How are gravitation and gravity realated?

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17. What is the relation between g and G ?

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18. Can you calculate mass of earth from

Newton's law of gravitational?

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19. Can you calculate density of earth from

Newton's law of gravitation?

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20. A body weighs 10 kg on the surface of

earth. What would be its mass and weight at

the centre of earth ?

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21. A body weighs more at poles than at the

equator of earth. Why ?

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22. Distinguish between gravitational and

gravity.

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23. State and explain universal law of

gravitation. What is its importance ?

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24. State keper's laws of planetary motion.

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25. Compare gravitational force between lighrt

objects and heavy objects.

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26. Write down the equation of motion of

objects under the infulence of gravitatonal

force of Earth. Explain the meaning of the

symbol used.

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27. Distinguish between mass and weight.

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 28. What is meant by 'free fall' hence define

acceleration due to gravity.

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Long Answer

1. How does the weight of an object vary with

respect to mass and radius of the earth. In a

hypothetical case, if the diameter of the earth

becomes half of its present value and its ,mass

becomes four times of its present value, then

how would the weight of any object on the

surface of the earth be affected?

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2. How does the force of attraction between

the two bodies depend upon their masses and

distance between them ? A student thought

that two bricks tied together would fall faster

than a single one under the action of gravity.

Do you agree with his hypothesis or not ?

comment.

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3. Two objects of masses m1 and m2 having

the same size are dropped simultaneously

from heights h 1 and h 2 respectively. Find out

the ratio of time they would take in reaching

the ground. Will this ratio remain the same if

(i) one of the objects is hollow and the other

one is solid and (ii) both of them are hollow,

size remaining the same in each case. give

reason.

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4. State the universal law of gravitation.

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5. State kepler's laws of planetary motion. How

did newton guess inverse square law?

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6. Define 'g' and 'G'. Establish relation between

the two. How do you use this relation to

calculate mass of earth ?

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7. Comment on application of newton's third

law of motion to gravitation. Illustrate by

explain by example.

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Very Short Answer

1. On Earth value of

G = 6.67 × 10
− 11 2
N m kg
−2
.

What is its value on Moon, where g is nearly

one-sixth than that of Earth?

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2. Which force revolves moon around earth?

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3. The distance between two objects is

doubled. What happens to gravitational force

between them ?

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4. Which force accelerates a body in free fall ?

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5. Which force is responsible for tides in the

ocean at night ?

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6. Does gravitational force between two object

depend on medium between them?\

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7. Which force is responsible for holding the

solar system together ?

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8. Who gave three laws of planetary motion ?

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9. Who explain the motion of planets around

the sun?
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10. What is the usual shape of orbits of

planets around the sun ?

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11. Does Newton's third law of motion apply to

gravitational force?

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12. A stone falling towords earths also

attractst the earth with the same force, Is it

true ?

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13. Then why is the Earth not seen moving

towards the stone ?

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14. What is value of 'g' vary from place to place

on earth ?

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15. Where is 'g' greater, at poles or at equator ?

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16. Where is 'g' maximum, on the surface of

earth, above the surfce or below the surface of

Earth ?

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17. What is the value of 'g' at the centre of

Earth ?

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18. A body is projected upwards. What is its

initial velocity at maximum height?

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19. A body is just dropped from a height. What

is its initial velocity?

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20. What is the SI unit of mass ?

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21. What is the SI unit of weight ?

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22. What is the weight of a body of mass 1 kg

on the surface pf earth?

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Higher Order Thinking Skills

1. One earth, value of

G = 6.67 × 10
11 2
N m kg
2
. What is its value on
 1
moon, where g is nearly th that of earth ?
6

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2. Suppose gravitational pull varies inversely

as nth power of the distance. Show that the

time period of a planet in circular orbit of

radius R around the sun will be proportinal to

( n+1) /2
R

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3. Two identical copper spheres of radius R are

in contact with each other. If the gravitational

attraction between them is F, find the relation

berween F and R.

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4. Two particles of equal mass (m) move in a

circle of radius (r ) under the action of their

mutual gravitational attraction. Find the

speed of each particle.

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5. In Fig. the line that join a planet to the sun

sweep out areas A 1

, A2 , A3 in time intervals 6

weeks, 3 weeks and 2 weeks respectively. How

are A 1
, A2 , A3 ?realted

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Value Based Questions

1. Earth attracts everybody towards its centre.

Therefore, every object, object when free, falls

towards the earth due to gravitational force of

earth on it.This is the phenomenon of free fall.

The acceleration due to gravity (g). On the

surface of earth, g = 9.8m / s

2
. This value

does not depend on mass of the body or

nature of the body.

Read the avobe passage and answer the

following quetion:
 m
(i) convert the value of g in k r
2
.
h

(ii) Is the value of g on moon the same as on

earth?

(iii) What vslues of life do you learn from this

concept?

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2. Whenever a body is thrown up with a

certain velocity, the upward motion is opposed

by gravitational pull of earth and also by the

resistance of air.
Therefore, velocity of the body goes on

decreasing.When this velocity becomes zero,

the body cannot rise further. It has attained,

what is called 'maximum height'. from this

height, the body begins to fall downloads

under the action of gravity.

Read the above passage and answer the

following question:

(i)At the highest point, what are the velocity

and acceleration of the body?

(ii)What is the maximum height attained by a

body thrown upwards with a velocity of

19.6m / s ? Take g = 9.8m / s

2
.
(iii) What value in life do you learn from this

concept ?

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3. Take a piece of thread. Tie a small piece of

stone to one end of the thread. Hold the other

end of the thread in hand and whirl it round.

Note the motion of the stone. If the thread

breakes suddenly, the stone files off along

tangent to the circle at the instant.

Read the above passage and answer the

following question:

(i) which force is whirling the stone ? who is

providing this force ?

(ii) why does the stone fly off along the

tangnet to the circle at that instant?

(iii) what value of life do you learn from this?

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4. A physics teacher explains to his students in

class, the subject of motion under gravity.

When a body is project upwards from the

ground with a certain velicity u, the velocity

goes on decreasing at a constant rate due to

gravitational pill of earth. At a certain height,

this velocity becomes zero. the body cannot

rise futher. from this maximum height, the

body begins to fall and its velocity goes on

increasing at the same constant rate due to

gravitational pull of earth. the body would

strike the ground with exactly the same

velocity (v = u) , with which it was thrown

initially. this is on the assumption that

resistance due to air is zero,either way.

Read the above passage and answer the

following quetion:

(i) why is velocity of body on striking the

ground the same as intial velocity of

projection of the body?

(ii) Does the body take same time to fall to

ground as the time it takes to reach the

maximum height?

(iii) What value of life of life do you learn from

this breif study ?

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