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E-GOVERNANCE IN NEPAL
By Bhagyanarayan Mahato
ABSTRACT
The evolution of e-governance in Nepal represents a significant shift towards modernizing
public administration and enhancing government services through digital technologies.
This abstract outlines the development and impact of e-governance initiatives in Nepal,
tracing their progression from initial efforts to the present state and future prospects.
E-governance in Nepal began with the introduction of basic digital services and
infrastructure in the early 2000s, aimed at improving government efficiency and citizen
engagement. Initial projects focused on digitizing government records and creating online
portals for public services. Over time, these initiatives expanded to include more
sophisticated applications such as online tax filing, digital identity systems, and e-
procurement platforms.
INTRODUCTION OF E-GOVERNANCE
E-commerce, or electronic commerce, has revolutionized the way businesses and
consumers interact in the digital age. It encompasses the buying and selling of goods and
services over the internet, facilitated by platforms and technologies that streamline
transactions, enhance customer experiences, and expand market reach. This abstract
explores the fundamental aspects of e-commerce, including its types-B2B (business-to-
business), B2C (business-to-consumer), C2C (consumer-to-consumer), and C2B
(consumer-to-business)-and its impact on global trade, consumer behavior, and business
operations. The rise of e-commerce has been driven by advancements in technology, such
as secure payment systems, mobile applications, and data analytics, which have enabled
businesses to provide personalized experiences and operational efficiencies. Furthermore,
e-commerce has introduced new challenges, including cybersecurity risks, digital divide
issues, and regulatory concerns. As e-commerce continues to evolve with innovations like
artificial intelligence, blockchain, and augmented reality, it is poised to further transform
the global marketplace, offering new opportunities and posing unique challenges for
businesses and consumers alike. This abstract highlights the transformative potential of e-
commerce while underscoring the need for ongoing adaptation and strategic foresight in
navigating this dynamic landscape.
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EVOLUTION OF E-GOVERNANCE IN NEPAL
The evolution of e-governance in Nepal can be categorized into several phases:
1. Early Stage (2000s - 2010s): Initial adoption of information technology in
government operations, including the creation of rudimentary online services and
digital record-keeping systems. This period laid the groundwork for more
comprehensive e-governance strategies.
2. Development Stage (2010s - 2020s): Expansion of e-governance services with the
implementation of integrated systems for public administration, such as the Citizen
Portal, which provides access to various government services and information.
The focus shifted to improving user experience, expanding digital literacy, and
addressing infrastructure challenges.
3. Maturity Stage (2020s - Present): Advanced e-governance initiatives
incorporating emerging technologies such as blockchain for transparent
governance, artificial intelligence for data-driven decision-making, and mobile
applications for wider accessibility. Emphasis on improving cybersecurity, data
privacy, and inclusivity in digital services.
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Challenges faced in Nepal’s e-governance journey include limited internet connectivity in
rural areas, digital literacy disparities, and issues related to cybersecurity and data
protection. However, the government's commitment to digital transformation and the
support of international development partners have driven significant progress.
The future of e-governance in Nepal is likely to focus on enhancing digital infrastructure,
expanding the range of online services, and fostering greater citizen participation through
innovative technologies. As Nepal continues to advance its e-governance strategies, it
aims to build a more efficient, transparent, and inclusive public administration system that
better serves its citizens.
This abstract highlights the key stages and impacts of e-governance evolution in Nepal,
reflecting both achievements and ongoing challenges in the quest for digital
transformation in public administration.
REFERENCES
1. [Link]
