GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmadabad - 382424

Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda-382424

(Affiliated with Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad)

A
DE – 2B REPORT
ON

PURE SINE WAVE INVERTER

Prepared as a part of the requirement for the subject of

DESIGN ENGINEERING – II B (3160001)
B.E - Semester - VI
(Power Electronics Branch)

Submitted by: (492067)

Sr. No. Name Enrollment No.

1. RATHOUR AMANKUMAR 210170124021
KAPTANSINGH
2. KORI KULDEEP RAMUBHAI 210170124020
3. KODEKAR HETVISHA MANISHBHAI 210170124024
4. SALUNKHE MRUNAL RAVINDRA 210170124010
5. SHARMA VISHAL ANILKUMAR 200170124019

Prof. N. D. Mehta
(Faculty Guided)
Assistant Professor, Power Electronics Engineering, VGEC, Chandkheda
Dr. I. N. Trivedi
(Head of department)
Professor & Head, Power Electronics Engineering, VGEC, Chandkheda
Academic Year
2023-24
 VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad 382424

DEPARTMENT OF POWER ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Design Engineering 2B Report entitled “PURE SINE WAVE
INVERTER” submitted by,

Sr. no. Name Enrollment No.

1. RATHOUR AMANKUMAR 210170124021
KAPTANSINGH
2. KORI KULDEEP RAMUBHAI 210170124020
3. KODEKAR HETVISHA MANISHBHAI 210170124024
4. SALUNKHE MRUNAL RAVINDRA 210170124010
5. SHARMA VISHAL ANILKUMAR 200170124019

This is the record of work completed by them under our supervision and assistance toward a
partial completion of Design Engineering 2B (Power Electronics Engineering) at Gujarat
Technological University. The work presented has, in our judgment, met the standard necessary
for evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, the results contained in this Project Work have
not been submitted to any other university or polytechnic.

Date:

Prof. N. D. Mehta Dr. I. N. Trivedi

(Faculty Guide) (Head of department)
Assistant Professor Department of Power Department of Power Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering Vishwakarma Vishwakarma Government Engineering
Government Engineering College, Chandkheda – College, Chandkheda – 382424
382424

ii
 ABSTRACT
A pure sine wave inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) power from a battery
or a solar panel into alternating current (AC) power that can be used by various appliances
and devices. Unlike other types of inverters that produce modified or square waveforms, a
pure sine wave inverter produces a smooth and continuous AC waveform that is identical to
the power from the grid. This makes it suitable for sensitive and high-performance
equipment, such as laptops, refrigerators, air conditioners, medical devices, and more. A pure
sine wave inverter consists of several components, such as an oscillator, a transformer, a
filter, a driver circuit, and a switching circuit. The oscillator generates a low-voltage AC
signal with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, depending on the region. The transformer steps up
the voltage to the desired level, such as 110 V or 220 V. The filter removes the high-
frequency harmonics and noise from the output waveform, making it smoother and cleaner.
The driver circuit controls the switching circuit, which consists of transistors or MOSFETs
that switch on and off rapidly to create a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal. The PWM
signal is then fed to the transformer, which converts it to a pure sine wave AC output. A pure
sine wave inverter has many advantages over other types of inverters, such as higher
efficiency, lower distortion, lower noise, better compatibility, and longer lifespan of the
connected devices. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as higher cost, higher
complexity, and higher maintenance.

GIST OF TEAMWORK
Our team comprises five members, starting with me, AMAN, as the team leader. I handled
the research aspect of the components used in the working model and assisted in its
preparation. Next, we have MRUNAL, who focused on devising a flawless strategy for the
canvas preparation. Following MRUNAL is HETVISHA, who spearheaded the observation
strategy and played a key role in crafting the logbook and canvases. Then there's VISHAL,
responsible for developing the strategic framework for constructing the working model.
Lastly, we have KULDEEP, who took charge of designing the circuit diagram and creating
the PCB circuit. Through our collective hard work and dedication, we completed the project.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With great pleasure, I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to my renowned and esteemed guide Prof. N. D. Mehta Assistant Professor,
Department of Power Electronics Engineering, Vishwakarma Government Engineering
College, Chandkheda for his consummate knowledge, due criticism, invaluable guidance, and
encouragement which has enabled us to give present shape to this work.

I am heavily indebted to Dr. I. N. Trivedi, Professor & Head of the Department, Power
Electronics Engineering, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda, for
his everlasting willingness to extend his profound knowledge and experience in the
preparation of this report. Any attempt to define this indebtedness would be incomplete. I am
immensely thankful to Dr. V. S. Purani Principal, Vishwakarma Government Engineering
College, Chandkheda, for his valuable support and inspiration.

I am immensely thankful to Prof. N. D. Mehta for his everlasting willingness to extend his
support and help in the completion of this work.

Finally, I would like to thank our friends and family for their support and patience throughout
the year, especially our parents who without their encouragement and financial support,
would not have been possible.

Thanking you,

RATHOUR AMANKUMAR K. (210170124021)

KORI KULDEEP RAMUBHAI(210170124020)

KODEKAR HETVISHA M. (210170124024)

SALUNKHE MRUNAL R.(210170124010)

SHARMA VISHAL ANILKUMAR (200170124019)

iv
 TEAM NAME: ENERGY
S Name of Enrollment Email-id Mobile Passport Photograph
r Student No. No.
N
o
1 RATHOUR 210170124021 rathouraman173@[Link] 9484506976
AMANKUMAR
K.

2 KORI 210170124020 korikuldeep7890@[Link] 7600975106

KULDEEP
RAMUBHAI

3 KODEKAR 210170124024 kodekarhetvisha@[Link] 9925056014

HETVISHA
MANISHBHAI

4 SALUNKHE 210170124010 saimrun0@[Link] 9265462987

MRUNAL
RAVINDRA

5 SHARMA 200170124019 sharmavishal3094@[Link] 9723381442

VISHAL
ANILKUMAR

v
 Table of Contents
CERTIFICATE..........................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................iii
GIST OF TEAMWORK...........................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER 1...............................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................1
Canvases............................................................................................................1
1.1 AEIOU SUMMARY...............................................................................1
1.2 EMPATHY CANVAS............................................................................2
1.3 IDEATION CANVAS............................................................................4
1.4 MIND MAPPING...................................................................................6
1.5 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS............................................7
1.6 LEARNING NEEDS MATRIX............................................................8
CHAPTER 2...............................................................................................................................9
2.1 Prior art search: -.......................................................................................10
PAPER 1......................................................................................................10
PAPER 2......................................................................................................10
PAPER 3......................................................................................................10
PAPER 4......................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 3.............................................................................................................................12
3.1 CIRCUIT: -................................................................................................12
3.2 Working: -..................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 4.............................................................................................................................13
4.1 Component list: -.......................................................................................13
4.1.1 EGS002 SPWM module....................................................................14
4.1.2 Transistor 8550: -..............................................................................21
4.1.3 Resistor: -...........................................................................................22
4.1.4 MOSFET IRF3205: -.........................................................................23
vi
 4.1.5 Voltage regulator: -...........................................................................24
......................................................................................................................24
4.1.6 Capacitor: -........................................................................................25
.....................................................................................................................25
4.1.7 Screw terminals: -..............................................................................25
Working model: -.....................................................................................................................28
Conclusion: -............................................................................................................................28
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................31

List Of Figures

FIGURE 1 AEIOU SUMMARY

FIGURE 2 EMPATHY CANVAS
FIGURE 3 IDEATION CANVAS
FIGURE 4 MIND MAPPING
FIGURE 5 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
FIGURE 6 LNM
FIGURE 7 SINE WAVE INVERTER USING ARDUINO
FIGURE 8 EGS002 SINUSOIDAL INVERTER DRIVER BOARD SCHEMATIC
FIGURE TRANSISTOR 8550
FIGURE10 RESISTORS
FIGURE11 MOSFET IRF3205
FIGURE12 VOLTAGE REGULATOR
FIGURE13 CAPACITORS
FIGURE14 SCREW TERMINALS
FIGURE17 WORKING MODEL

vii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION: - Design Thinking is an iterative process in which we seek to understand the
user, challenge assumptions, and redefine the program to identify alternative strategies and solutions
that might not be instantly apparent with our initial level of understanding. At the same time, for us
design thinking provided a solution-based approach to solving problems. It is a way of thinking and
working as well as a collection of hands-on methods.

Canvases
1.1 AEIOU SUMMARY

FIGURE 1 AEIOU SUMMARY

Users: - Our project users are as follows

 Institution
 Hospital
  Industry
 Apartment

Activities: - This section will include the applications of the product such as the following

• Charging
• Power backup
• Energy conversion
• Power circuit

Environment: - This will include the effect of the objects placed in its surroundings such as the
following

• Humidity
• Moisture free
• Cool
• Ventilation

Interaction: - This will include the stakeholders such as the following here,

 Shopkeeper
 Professor
 Students
 Field person

Objects: - In this section of the canvas include the equipment used in the production such as the
following

 Arduino
 Transistor
 Battery
 Transformer

1.2 EMPATHY CANVAS

This is the first step of the project or a problem. So, in this canvas, we will find out what a is user.
Who is a user? What is a stakeholder? Who are they? And what are the broad stories of their
activities?

The User: - In this stage, we find the various users who are directly or indirectly related to our
project
  Institution
 Hospital
 Industry
 Apartment
 Fire station

Stakeholders: - At this stage, we identify the users who will be associated with users either directly
or indirectly. Stakeholders are any individual or group having an interest.
 Manufactures
 Labors
 Traders
 Project developers
 Institutions and companies

FIGURE 2 EMPATHY CANVAS

Activities: - Are directly or indirectly related to stakeholders.
 Charging
 Power backup
 Energy conversion
  Power circuit

Story Boarding: -

 Happy: - Sarah's remote cabin became a haven with a sine wave inverter. Reliable power
meant she could work from home, enjoy modern comforts, and pursue her passion for writing
without interruption, bringing newfound joy to her secluded lifestyle.
 Happy: - Mark's camping trip turned unforgettable when his sine wave inverter powered a
movie night under the stars. Friends marveled at the seamless electricity, making memories
illuminated by the flicker of the screen, proving that even in the wilderness, modern
conveniences can create moments of pure happiness.
 Sad: - During a severe storm, Lisa's home lost power, leaving her family in darkness. Without
a sine wave inverter, they couldn't run essential medical equipment for her ailing father,
causing anxiety and fear for his well-being until the electricity was restored, highlighting the
dire consequences of unreliable power sources.
 Sad: - John's rural farm suffered frequent power outages, disrupting operations and
compromising livestock health. Without a sine wave inverter, he struggled to maintain proper
ventilation and heating, resulting in financial losses and emotional distress as he watched his
livelihood falter due to the lack of reliable electricity.

1.3 IDEATION CANVAS

This canvas consists of the ideology behind the user, so in this canvas, some brief ideas are
expressed. The people section consists of persons related to the user technically and similar persons
may relate to the user. Then we divided activities into social and technical and tried to find out the
importance of each activity and the situations & locations regarding are find out related to each.
People: -
 Common people
 Students
 Teachers
 Engineers
 Industry
Activities: -
 Charging
 Power backup
 Energy conversion
 Power circuit
 FIGURE 3 IDEATION CANVAS

Situation/context/location: -
 Energy backup power
 Renewable energy system
 RVs and boats
 Hospital
 Medical equipment
 Fire station
 Telecommunication

Props/possible solution: -
 Arduino
 Transistor
 Battery
 Transformer
 Voltage regulator
  Capacitor

1.4 MIND MAPPING

Mind mapping is a way of linking key concepts using images, lines, and links. Mind mapping uses
the concept of “radiant thinking” that is, thoughts radiate out from a single idea, often expressed as an
image. Branches flow backward and forward from and to the central idea. Mind maps are diagrams
used to visually organize information hierarchically. Mind maps are created around a single concept
or image at the center of a canvas. Here, major ideas directly branch from this central point
(Appliance Automation) with further ideas and details branching off from those levels.

FIGURE 4 MIND MAPPING

1.5 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
Product development canvas comprises a process that streamlines thought, systematically. Once, an
idea is generated, the next step is to identify a product/process (in a comprehensive manner) to
resolve the specific difficulty for a user group. Product development canvas gave us insights into
the problems we had faced while creating the ideation of our product, including factors such as
Purpose, people, product experience, product functions, product features, and components.

FIGURE 5 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

Purpose: -
 Emergency power backup
 RVs and boats
 Powering home appliances
 Off-grid energy

People: -
 Common people
 Students
 Teachers
  Engineers
 Industry

Components: -
 Arduino
 Transistor
 Transformer
 Voltage regulator
 Capacitor

Product features: -
 Pure sine wave output
 Low noise
 Compatibility
 Solar power system

Product functions: -
 Suitable for a wide range of appliances
 Use friendly
 Improved battery life
 High efficiency

Product experience: -
 low pollutant
 Eco friendly
 Time-saving convenient
 Less pollutant

Customer revalidation: -
 Decrease of Light wastage
 More satisfaction for people
 Decrease Light bill

Reject/Redesign/Retain (3-R): -
 Illumination Control
 High Installation Cost
1.6 LEARNING NEED MATRIX
The LNM contains a quadratic layout. The purpose of LNM is to identify the requirements of
learning among the team members, while a new product/process is under development based on a
unique idea. Each identified requirement of learning is connected depending upon interdependencies
and paths are to be drawn. The team members can develop their learning path to contribute to the
efforts of the team to develop the concept underlying the center of the LNM.
Top-right quadrant identified the learning requirement regarding applicable standards, design
specification, exploration and understanding of scientific principles, and identification of different
types of an experiment to be performed over a period.
Top-left quadrant suggests making identification of learning the use of various tools, processes,
methods of application, and theories to apply tools involved. The lower-left quadrant contains
identified needs for learning software, simulation techniques, skills, mathematical learning
requirements, and so on.
Lastly, the lower-right quadrant shall have the needs identified about an understanding of various
alternative materials, their strength, and other properties, standards, as well as their testing
requirements, depending upon the envisaged quality.

FIGURE 6 LNM

CHAPTER 2
2.1 Prior art search: -

PAPER 1

1. F Ronilaya, S llmawati, M Huda, Widamuri Anistia, Ika Noer Syamsiana, Mohammad Noor
Hidayat INDONESIA. (A development of an Arduino pure sine wave inverter for a small-
scale off-grid solar PV system)
([Link]

Summary: - Generally, This Paper presents the implementation of Arduino Nano microcontroller for
a single-phase pure sine wave inverter, which can convert DC voltage to AC voltage at high
efficiency and low cost. Solar-powered electricity generation is being favored nowadays as the world
increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. The designed inverter converted DC voltage into
AC voltage for a small-scale off-grid solar PV system suitable for electrification in remote areas,
pollution-free, and inexpensive. Its inverter uses a sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique and a
simple circuit, consisting of only 2 MOSFET switches and 1 MOSFET driver.

PAPER 2

1. Joseph Lee Haughawout, Mauro Dresti, Sandro David Klein, Alex Louie, Han-Sheng Yuh,
(Sine wave inverter)
([Link]

Summary: - The utility model relates to a pure sine wave inverter which comprises a power input
module, a pulse width modulation module, a transformation, rectifier, and filter module, an
SPWM (sinusoidal pulse width modulation) drive module, an LC (inductance-capacitance) filter
module, and a sine wave output module; wherein the pulse width modulation module is
connected with the power input module; the transformation, rectifier, and filter module is
connected with the pulse width modulation module; the SPWM drive module is connected with
the transformation, rectifier, and filter module; the LC filter module is connected with the SPWM
drive module; and the sine wave output module is connected with the LC filter module. As the
technical scheme is adopted, the pure sine wave inverter provides a pure sine wave inverter which
can avoid signal interference and guarantee the accurate data collected by instruments.

PAPER 3
 1. Han Guang, Liu Liqiang, Zhu Changya, Hong Guangdai, Ten Pao Electronics Huizhou CO
Ltd, Priority to [Link]. A kind of pure sine wave inverter control method,
device and inverter circuit
([Link]

Summary: - The present invention discloses a kind of pure sine wave inverter control method,
device, and inverter circuit. The invention proposes a kind of improved instantaneous voltage control
method, which is modulated using unipolarity, and obtains deviation Δ E compared with a given
value by detecting the inverter output voltage peak value. It controls the program and modulation
ratio M is adjusted according to Δ E in real time, exports corresponding SPWM driving metal-oxide-
semiconductor, and exports satisfactory sine wave after LC is filtered. Peripheral circuit is succinct,
and low in cost. Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrodes or semiconductor devices with
control electrodes using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a
control signal using semiconductor devices only

PAPER 4

1. Yang Xiaoguang Gao, Sijia Zhao Shuo Gao, Zheng Li Yuqi Xi Ligen (Asiaing Suneng
Shanghai Digital Technology CO Ltd).

([Link]

Summary: - The invention relates to a sine wave inverter which is characterized by comprising a first
filter, a first inverter bridge, a resonant network, a rectifier bridge, a second filter, a
second inverter bridge and a third filter, wherein the input end of the first filter is connected with a
direct current power supply, the output end of the first filter is sequentially connected with the input
ends of the first inverter bridge, the resonant network, the rectifier bridge, the second filter, the
second inverter bridge and the third filter, and the output end of the third filter is connected with a
load. The inverter adopts two inverter bridges, The first inverter bridge uses a special high-frequency
pulse sequence, so that the inverter works in a high-frequency state on one hand, and the
first inverter bridge works in a soft switching state by combining a resonant network; the soft
switching of the switching tube in the first inverter bridge is realized, and the traditional low-
frequency transformer can be replaced by the high-frequency transformer, so that the size and the
weight of the inverter can be greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the converter is improved.
 CHAPTER 3

3.1 CIRCUIT: -

FIGURE 7 SINE WAVE INVERTER USING EGS002

3.2 Working: -

 Filter Stage: The output of the PWM circuit is a series of pulses, which are typically in
square or rectangle A sine wave inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC)
power from a battery or other DC power source into alternating current (AC) power,
which is typically used to operate household appliances, electronic devices, and other
AC-powered equipment. The primary goal of a sine wave inverter is to produce a high-
quality AC output waveform that closely resembles the shape of a sine wave.

Here's a simplified explanation of how a sine wave inverter works:

 Conversion: The DC power from the battery is fed into an inverter circuit. The inverter
circuit typically consists of electronic components such as transistors, capacitors, and
diodes.

 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): The inverter uses a technique called Pulse Width
Modulation to convert the DC power into AC power. PWM involves rapidly switching
the DC input on and off at a high frequency, typically several thousand times per second.
The width of the on and off pulses is adjusted to control the output voltage and
frequency.

 To convert this pulsed output into a sine wave, a low-pass filter is employed. The filter
helps smooth out the sharp edges of the pulses and removes higher-frequency
components, resulting in a waveform that more closely resembles a sine wave.

 Output Stage: The filtered waveform is then amplified to the desired voltage level using a
power amplifier stage. This stage boosts the filtered waveform to the appropriate voltage
required for the AC load.

 Output Regulation: The inverter may incorporate additional control circuitry to ensure
the output voltage and frequency remain stable and within acceptable limits. This can
involve feedback mechanisms that continuously monitor the output and adjust the PWM
signal accordingly.

 A sine wave inverter produces a high-quality AC output that closely mimics the
sinusoidal waveform of the utility grid. This allows it to power sensitive electronic
devices that require a stable and clean AC power source, such as computers, televisions,
refrigerators, and other household appliances.

CHAPTER 4

4.1 Component list: -

 EGS002 SPWM module
 IRF3205 N Channel MOSFETs
 LM7505 Voltage regulator
 FR207 Diodes
 10 Ohms resistors
  1 KOhms resistor
 1 KOhms resistor
 10 KOhms NTC
 10 KOhms Preset
 0.1uF capacitors
 2.2uF 650V Capacitor
 10uF capacitors
 2200uF capacitor
 0-9V Transformer with a rating of 400W or higher
 Heat Sink

4.1.1 EGS002 SPWM module

1. Description
EGS002 is a driver board specific for a single-phase sinusoid inverter. It uses
ASIC EG8010 as
a control chip and IR2110S as a driver chip. The driver board integrates
functions of voltage, current, and
temperature protection, LED warning indication, and fan control. Jumper
configures 50/60Hz AC
output, soft start mode, and dead time. EGS002 is an improved version of
EGS001 that is compatible
with EGS001’s original interfaces. EGS002 also integrates cross-conduction
prevention logic to
enhance its ability to anti-interference, and LCD interface for users’ convenience
to use
the chip’s built-in display function.
EG8010 is a digital pure sine wave inverter ASIC (Application Specific Integrated
Circuit) with
a complete function of built-in dead time control. It applies to the DC-DC-AC two-
stage power converter
system or the DC-AC single-stage low-power frequency transformer system for
boosting. EG8010 can
achieve 50/60Hz pure sine wave with high accuracy, low harmonic, and
distortion by external
12MHz crystal oscillator. EG8010 is a CMOS IC that integrates SPWM sinusoid
generator, dead
time control circuit, range divider, soft start circuit, circuit protection, RS232
serial communication,
12832 serial LCD unit, etc.

2. Circuit Schematic
EGS002 Driver Board Schematic

Figure 8. EGS002 Sinusoid Inverter Driver Board Schematic

3. Pins and Jumpers

3.1 EGS002 FRONT VIEW

3.4 LED Warning Indication
EGS002 driver board provides an LED warning indication function. Users can
determine the problem
according to the following:
 Normal： Lighting always on
 Overcurrent： Blink twice, off for 2 seconds, and keep cycling
 Overvoltage： Blink 3 times, off for 2 seconds, and keep cycling
 Undervoltage： Blink 4 times, off for 2 seconds, and keep cycling
 Overtemperature： Blink 5 times, off for 2 seconds, and keep cycling

3.5 LCD Display Interface

EGS002 integrates an LCD interface for users’ convenience to test the chip’s
built-in display
function that EG8010 supports.A shielding cable is required for connecting the
EGS002 driver board and
LCD, otherwise inverter’s high voltage and high current environment will
significantly interfere
driver board’s operation.
EG8010 supports 12832 LCD (default) orLCD3220 which we specifically
designed. Because two
LCDs’ drivers are different, the user has to specify if intends to buy LCD3220.
Salesperson will ship
12832 LCD as default if not otherwise specified.
Note：
There are many modules of LCD in the market. EG8010 supports the majority of
12832 LCD based
on control IC ST7920. Different LCDs may vary a little in pin map, name, or
description; users can
obtain information online.
 LCD3220 Connection Diagram：
4.1.2 Transistor 8550: -

The Transistor 8550 is a commonly used NPN (Negative-Positive-Negative) bipolar junction

transistor (BJT). It is designed for general-purpose amplification and switching applications. The
8550 transistor is a member of the 8550 series, which also includes other variations like 8550A,
8550B, and so on.
 FIGURE 9 TRANSISTOR 8550

The Transistor 8550 is commonly used in low-power amplification circuits, voltage regulators, motor
control circuits, and general-purpose switching applications. It is compatible with a wide range of
electronic components and can be easily incorporated into various electronic designs.
Here are some key specifications and characteristics of the Transistor 8550:
Polarity NPN
Collector-based voltage 40 v
Collector-emitter voltage 25 v
Emitter-base voltage 5v
Collector Current 600mA
Power Dissipation 625mW
Transition frequency 150 MHz
Package TO-92

TABLE 1 S PECIFICATION OF TRANSISTOR 8550

4.1.3 Resistor: -

A resistor is a passive electronic component that is widely used in electrical and electronic circuits to
limit the flow of electric current. It is designed to provide a specific amount of resistance to the flow
of electric current passing through it. The resistance value of a resistor is measured in ohms (Ω).
 FIGURE 10 RESISTOR 1K, 10K, 100 OHM

4.1.4 MOSFET IRF3205: -

The IRF3205 is a popular power MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)

manufactured by International Rectifier (now part of Infineon Technologies). It is commonly used in
various electronic applications that require high power switching capabilities.

FIGURE 11 MOSFET IRF3205

Here are some key specifications and features of the IRF3205:

Type N-channel MOSFET
Drain-Source Voltage (VDS) 55 v
Continuous Drain Current (ID) 110 amp
 Maximum Power Dissipation (PD) 200 w
Gate Threshold Voltage 2-4 v
Gate-Source Voltage (VGS) ±20 v
On-State Resistance 8mΩ

TABLE 2 S PECIFICATION OF MOSFET IRF3205

4.1.5 Voltage regulator: -

The LM7805 is a popular voltage regulator integrated circuit (IC) that provides a fixed output voltage
of +5 volts. It is part of the LM78XX series of regulators, with each variant in the series providing a
different fixed output voltage.
When using the LM7805, it's important to consider the input voltage, output current requirements,
and heat dissipation. To ensure reliable operation and prevent overheating, it is recommended to use a
heat sink when the power dissipation exceeds a certain limit.

FIGURE 12 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Here are some key features and specifications of the LM7805 voltage regulator:
Output voltage 5v
Input Voltage Range 35v
Output Current 1 ampere
 Dropout voltage 2v
Thermal Overload Protection TO-220, TO-92, SOT-89

TABLE 3 S PECIFICATION OF VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM7805

4.1.6 Capacitor: -

A capacitor is another common electronic component used in electrical and electronic circuits. It is
designed to store and release electrical energy in the form of an electric field.
The value of a capacitor is typically measured in farads (F), but for smaller capacitors like the one
you mentioned, it is often expressed in microfarads (μF). So a capacitor with a value of 470μF means
it has a capacitance of 470 microfarads.
The capacitance of a capacitor determines how much charge it can store per volt of applied voltage.
In other words, it represents the capacitor's ability to store electrical energy. A larger capacitance
value means the capacitor can store more charge.

FIGURE 13 CAPACITORS

4.1.7 Screw terminals: -

Screw terminals are used in the circuit for connection purposes only. The screw terminal is mounted
on the PCB to provide proper connections in the circuit.
 FIGURE 14 SCREW TERMINALS

ADVANTAGES : -
 Pure Sine Wave Output: A sine wave inverter produces a clean and smooth waveform that is
like the utility grid power. This is essential for powering sensitive electronics and appliances,
such as laptops, refrigerators, and medical equipment. An Arduino-based sine wave inverter
can generate a pure sine wave output, ensuring compatibility and minimizing the risk of
damage to connected devices.

 Cost-effective Solution: Arduino is an open-source microcontroller platform, which makes it

relatively inexpensive compared to specialized inverter controllers. By using an Arduino, you
can build a sine wave inverter at a lower cost, especially if you have some knowledge of
electronics and programming.

 Customizability and Flexibility: Arduino offers a wide range of libraries, modules, and
sensors that can be easily integrated into your inverter design. This allows you to customize
and expand the functionality of your inverter, such as adding battery monitoring, voltage
regulation, or wireless communication capabilities.

 Educational and Learning Opportunities: Building a sine wave inverter using an Arduino
provides a great learning experience, especially for students or enthusiasts interested in
electronics, programming, and renewable energy. It allows you to understand the principles of
power electronics, control algorithms, and digital signal processing.

Disadvantages: -
 Limited Power Output: Arduino microcontrollers have limited power-handling capabilities.
They typically operate at low voltage levels and have a limited number of I/O pins. This
restricts the power output capacity of the inverter. Therefore, Arduino-based sine wave
inverters are more suitable for low-power applications or as a learning tool rather than for
high-power requirements.
  Complex Circuit Design: Designing an efficient and reliable sine wave inverter requires
careful attention to circuit design, power electronics components, and thermal management. It
can be challenging to achieve optimal performance and efficiency using an Arduino alone.
Additional external circuitry and components may be necessary, which can add complexity to
the overall design.

 Programming Skills Required: Building an Arduino-based sine wave inverter requires

programming skills and understanding of the Arduino platform. If you're not familiar with
programming, it may take time to learn and troubleshoot any issues that arise during the
development process.

Working model: -
 FIGURE 18 WORKING MODEL

Conclusion: -

In conclusion, the project demonstrated the feasibility of creating a sine wave inverter using an
Arduino microcontroller. It showcased the ability to generate a sinusoidal waveform through PWM
modulation and verified its functionality through practical testing. The project provides a foundation
for further improvements and optimizations in terms of power capacity, waveform quality, and
overall performance.

Additionally, Sine wave inverters often come equipped with multiple outlets or USB ports, allowing
users to connect and power multiple devices simultaneously. This feature enhances their versatility
and makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, including powering laptops, smartphones,
small appliances, lighting systems, and more. Furthermore, mini-inverters are generally designed
with safety features, such as overload protection, short-circuit protection, and temperature control
mechanisms. These safety measures help prevent damage to the inverter itself, and the connected
devices, and ensure the well-being of users.

TEAM IMAGE WITH PROTOTYPE:-

IMAGE OF PROTOTYPE:-

FUTURE SCOPE:-

The EGS002 is a popular IC (integrated circuit) used in sine wave inverters to generate
a sine wave output. Here are some points regarding the future scope of sine wave
inverters using EGS002:
  Efficiency: Future developments may focus on improving the efficiency of sine
wave inverters using EGS002 to make them more energy-efficient and
environmentally friendly.
 Power Output: There could be advancements in increasing the power output
capacity of these inverters to cater to a wider range of applications and
industries.
 Integration with Renewable Energy Sources: Sine wave inverters using
EGS002 can be integrated with renewable energy sources such as solar panels
and wind turbines to promote clean energy generation.
 Smart Grid Compatibility: Future inverters may be designed to be compatible
with smart grid technologies for better grid integration and management.
 Miniaturization and Portability: There might be a trend towards miniaturizing
these inverters for portable applications like camping, outdoor events, or
emergency power backup.
 Improved Waveform Quality: Enhancements in waveform quality to reduce
harmonic distortion and produce cleaner sine wave outputs for sensitive
electronic devices.
 Cost-Effectiveness: Manufacturers may focus on making these inverters more
cost-effective without compromising on quality and performance.
 Remote Monitoring and Control: Integration of IoT (Internet of Things)
capabilities for remote monitoring, control, and diagnostics of the inverter
systems.
 Enhanced Protection Features: Future inverters may come with advanced
protection features to safeguard the system and connected devices from
overloads, short circuits, and other electrical faults.

These are some potential areas where the future scope of sine wave inverters using
EGS002 could evolve to meet the growing demand for efficient and reliable power
conversion systems.

REFERENCES: -

(1) POWER INVERTERS: A practical guide to design and construct a pure sine wave inverter

AUTHOR- AYODELE MAKINDE

(2) PURE SINE WAVE INVERTER

AUTHOR- SANJAY DIXIT, AMBREESH TRIPATHI, VIKAS CHOLA & ANKUR VERMA
(3) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SINE WAVE INVERTER

AUTHOR- ABOYI ABE BARNABAS

(4) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SINE WAVE USING ARDUINO

AUTHOR- T.V OMOTOSHO, D.T ABIOD

(5) POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES, CIRCUITS AND APPLICATION

AUTHOR- MUHAMMAD H. RASHID

(6) A DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARDUINO PURE SINE WAVE INVERTER

AUTHOR- F RONILAYA, S IIMAWATI, M HUDA, WIDAMURI ANISTIA, IKA NOER

SYAMSIANA, MOHAMMAD NOOR, HIDAVAT

(7) SINE WAVE INVERTER

AUTHOR- JOSEPH LEE HAUGHAWOUT, MAURO DRESTI, SANDRO DAVID KLEIN

(8) A KIND OF PURE SINE WAVE INVERTER CONTROL METHOD

AUTHOR- HAN GUANG, LIU LIQUIANG, ZHU CHANGYA, HONG GUANGDAI

(9) A SINE WAVE INVERTER AND CONTROL

AUTHOR- YANG XIAOGUANG GAO, SIJIA ZHAO SHUO GAO, ZHEn