Metamorphic

Rocks
 Table
of contents
01 COMPOSITION AND
FORMATION 04 TEXTURE

02 PROPERTIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS 05 CLASIFICATIONS

03 FORMS 06 EXAMPLES AND

APPLICATIONS
Composition
- It shares comparable chemical
compositions with the igneous or
sedimentary rocks they originated from

-greenschists, marbles, slates, and gneisses

-four chemical systems: pelitic,

calcareous, felsic, and mafic.
CHEMICAL SYSTEMS
Pelitic rocks felsic rocks
from mudstone parent rocks and from the metamorphism of both
contain high amounts of igneous and sedimentary
potassium, aluminum, silicon, iron, protoliths and have high levels of
magnesium, and water. silicon, sodium, potassium,
calcium, aluminum, and small
amounts of iron and magnesium.

Calcareous rocks Mafic rocks

from different sediments and from basalt parent rocks and
consist primarily of calcium oxide, certain volcanic sediments, and
magnesium oxide, and carbon include iron, magnesium, calcium,
dioxide. silicon, and aluminum
Formation
-formed when existing rocks undergo
changes in response to different
environmental conditions like temperature,
pressure, and mechanical stress

- formed from igneous or sedimentary rocks

this process is called metamorphism
Metamorphism
-from the Greek meaning "change of form"

-refers to the process by which existing

rocks change into new types of rocks due to
heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids.

-It involves the alteration of minerals within

the rock

-There are different types of metamorphism,

contact, regional, and dynamic
 Contact Dynamic
Metamorphism Regional Metamorphism
Occurs when rocks are heate
d Metamorphism Happens due to mech
anical
by nearby magma forces at falt zones
involves high p
ressure and
Temperatures can be high high temperatu
re
(around 300°C to 800°C) Characterized by their
occurring over an
large areas due deformation rather th
to tectonic forc
d es thermal alteration
The temperature is high an Temperature ra
r
the pressure is usually lowe nges from
200°C to 700°C

Pressure can re
ach up to 800
MPa.
Properties
Ductile deformation

Foliation: Gneissic banding

 PROPERTIES
Gneissic
banding

Ductile layers have alternating

Deformation Foliation light and dark bands.

occurs when enough planar arrangement of

stress is applied to a structural or textural
material that the features in any rock type
changes its shape
permanently
 FORM
refers to the overall structure and
appearance of the rock, which can be
categorized primarily into two types

FOLIATED

NON-FOLIATED
01. NON-FOLIATED

all metamorphic rocks that are

distinguished by a complete absence of
foliation or parallel alignment of mineral
constituents. 02 . FOLIATED
more like a smooth ball of clay, where
the minerals are mixed together without
any layers, making them look uniform metamorphic rocks that exhibit clear
and solid. parallel alignment in their mineral and
structural composition
metamorphic rocks are characterized
by a lack of foliation, resulting in a
the layers are all lined up neatly, making
texture that is granular or crystalline,
them look striped or banded
with minerals not aligned
 UNDER OF FOLIATED
SLATES SCHISTS
Fine-grained Coarse-grained
Smooth surface Lustrous and has visible minerals
From shale under low due to large crystals in it
temperature. From shale under high-temperature

PHYLLITES GNEISSES
Slightly courser than slate Coarse-grained
Lustrous surface. Irregular banding
From shale under From various protoliths under
moderate temperature high temperature and pressure

*SHALE - sedimentary rock that consists of silt and clay

UNDER OF NON-FOLIATED
QUARTZITES MARBLES
Coarse-grained
Coarse grained
Light colored with
Light colored with
crystalline structure
crystalline structure
From limestone
From quartz sandstone
under high pressure

HORNFELS AMPHIBOLITES
Coarse-grained Coarse-grained
Dark colored with Dark colored
crystalline structure From basaltic protoliths under
From clay-rich rocks high pressure and temperature
under high temperatures
 TEXTURE
is about how the minerals or grains
look and feel, including their size,
shape, and how they are arranged
together.

Palimpsest Texture
Typomorphic Texture
Reaction Texture
Corona texture
Intergrowth Texture
PALIMPSEST TEXTURE
Texture that has survived metamorphism and shows the
inheritance of protolith (original) rock textures even after the
metamorphism

Blasto-ophitic texture Blasto-intergranular

Retains an ophitic
texture
structure with larger Ferromagnesium
plagioclase crystals minerals fill gaps
and pyroxene between plagioclase
crystals.

Blasto-porphyritic
texture
Larger grains in a
fine matrix are
typical of extrusive
igneous rocks.
TYPOMORPHIC TEXTURE
Developed in metamorphic rocks either by the dynamic forces or
by the effect of thermal action or crystallization.

Porphyroclastic Mylonitic Texture

Texture Fine-grained,
Softer minerals crush, elongated minerals
resistant minerals formed by intense
appear larger. shearing.
TYPOMORPHIC TEXTURE
Nodular Texture Granoblastic Texture
Equigranular grains
Forms with oval
in a welded mosaic
porphyroblasts and
randomly distributed
quartz.

Porphyroblastic Poikiloblastic texture

texture Fine-grained inclusions in
Coarse porphyroblasts porphyroblasts, oriented
are surrounded by a randomly, helictically,
fine-grained matrix of spirally, or rotated.
smaller crystals.
REACTION TEXTURE
Indicate chemical reactions between minerals during their
formation or alteration

Reaction-rims
Textures Kelyphitic textures
Aggregates that replace a relic Fine-grained intergrowths
mineral through chemical along larger crystals .
reactions along grain
boundaries and fractures.
 CORONA TEXTURE

Several concentric layers of one or more

minerals completely encircling an older
phase

May develop in both prograde and

retrograde phase of metamorphism

Coronas can be monomineralic (moats)

or polymineralic (symplectitic) and form
closed rings around grains, while
symplectite refers to fine-grained
lamellar or vermicular material.
INTERGROWTH TEXTURE
Results from simultaneous or eutectic crystallization of two
mineral components from magma at a specific temperature.

Symplectite texture Myrmekitic textur

Features vermicular quartz
Features a worm-like intergrown with
appearance of minerals along plagioclase in high-
the boundaries of reacting
temperature metamorphic
older minerals.
rocks.
CLASSIFICATIONS
 BASE
ON T D n
EXTU Based o
RE r oto lith
P
FOLIA
TED O
e n t R o ck)
(Par
META R NO
MORP N-FOLIATE
HIC R D
OCKS

neou s Rocks:
Metaig

en tary Rocks
dim
Metase

p ec ia l
S ns
ific at io
Class
hibolite
Amp n
ed o
ite Bas ocess
Eclog ion P r
rm at
Fo m
eta m orphis
nal M
Regio m
e tam orphis
ct M
Conta
a m orphism
t
yn am ic Me
D
 FOLIA
META TED
MORP L IA TED
NON-FO
HIC R
These OCKS
C RO CKS
bande
rocks
ha MORP HI
d app ve a layere
earan d or
META
the m c e
ineral b r more
s alig ecause ayers a
nd ap p ea
e
press n und h ave l tio ns wher
ure er rocks do
n o t
d under c
o nd i
se e s
The
, typic ally fo rm
in all direction
uniform l
s su re is equa
pre

BASED
ON TEXTURE
 Region
Metam al
This p
orphis
m Contact
roces orph ism
large
a
s occu
rs ove Metam d by ne
arby
press reas u r are hea
te
ure an nder h en ro c ks
e s without
often d tem igh ppens wh
sing ch
ang
due to peratu This ha a, c a u
magm ressure
tecton re, molten fi ca n t p
ic forc signi
es

Based on morphism
ic Meta
Dynam
Formation tectonic
s during
chan ical force
Process Forms due to m
e
activity.
 Metaig
neous
Rocks imentary
These
ar Metased s
that o e metamo Rock
rigina rphic
ted fr rocks
paren om ign
eous rmed from
t rock ocks th
at fo
s orp hic r
se are metam r y p arent rocks
The nta
sedime

Based on
Protolith
(Parent Rock)
 Amph
ibolite
Eclogite
Prima
amph rily co
ibole mpos
ed of c r o ck formed
forme miner e ta morphi xtreme
d from als, typic es su re m
High-pr alt or gabbro u
n d e r e
and
high p basal ally s g re en
ressu t under from ba
s
c terize d by it
tempe re and ditio n s, chara om p o sition.
con eral c
rature red min

Special
Classifications
EXAMPLES AND REAL-
LIFE APPLICATIONS
The uses of metamorphic rocks are
diverse, such that in building and
road construction
BUILDINGS ROADS
SLATE QUARTZITE
MARBLE AMPHIBOLITE
SOAPSTONE MYLONITE
SCHIST
GNEISS
SLATE MARBLE
finds wide use for roofing
and flooring tiles and favored material for
writing surfaces countertops, flooring, and
decorative panels in both
interior and exterior
architecture
SOAPSTONE SCHIST
popular for scupltures ,
countertops, sinks, and used for roofings, flooring,
stoves flagstones for patios and
walkways, and wall cladding
 GNEISS QUARTZITE
for foundations, walls,
architectural details, use in road construction, as
countertops and railway ballast
pavements
 AMPHIBOLITE MYLONITE
suitable as an aggregate used as an aggregate in the
in highway construction construction and road
and as a ballast stone in construction
railroad construction
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you!
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