D Standard Formulas: I Trigonometric Functions:

𝑑
D5: (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢𝑣 + 𝑣𝑢′ ′ I8: ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣𝑢′ −𝑢𝑣 ′ I9: ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 + 𝐶
D6: ( )=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2 I10: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑
D7: (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑢′ I11: ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 1 1 I12: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 + 𝐶
D8: 𝑑𝑥
(√𝑢) = (𝑢2 ) =
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑢
𝑢′
I13: ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑 1 −𝑛
D9: 𝑑𝑥 𝑢
( )=
𝑢𝑛+1
𝑢′ I14: ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢| + 𝐶 = −𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢| + 𝐶
D Trigonometric Functions: I15: ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢| + 𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑑
D11: (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 𝑢′ I16: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 I17: ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢| + 𝐶
D12: 𝑑𝑥
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑢′
I Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
𝑑
D13: (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑑𝑢 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 I18: ∫ = 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝐶
𝑑 √ 𝑎2 −𝑢2 𝑎
D14: (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 I19: ∫ 𝑎2 +𝑢2 = 𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎 + 𝐶
𝑑
D15: (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 I20: ∫ = 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐 + 𝐶
𝑑 𝑢√𝑢2 −𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎
D16: (𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 I Hyperbolic Functions:
D Inverse Trigonometric Functions: I21: ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑 1
D17: (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢) = 𝑢′ I22: ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑢2

D18:
𝑑
(𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢) = −
1
𝑢′ I23: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑢2
𝑑 1
I24: ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢 + 𝐶
D19: 𝑑𝑥
(𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢) =
1+𝑢2
𝑢′ I25: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑 1
D20: (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑢) = − 𝑢′ I26: ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑢2
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢
D21:
𝑑
(𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢) =
1
𝑢′ I27: ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑢√𝑢2 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢
𝑑 1 I28: ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢| + 𝐶
D22: (𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢) = − 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑢√𝑢2 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢
I29: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐 tan(𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢) + 𝐶
D Hyperbolic Functions:
D28:
𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑢′
I30: ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
I Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
D29: 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 I5: ∫ 𝑢
= 𝑙𝑛|𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑑 2
D30: 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑎𝑢
𝑑𝑥 I6: ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑎 + 𝐶, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1
𝑑
D31: 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑢 𝑢′ I7: ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
D32: 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢 = −𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 𝑢′ I Definite Integral
𝑑 𝑏
D33: 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢 𝑢′ Def1: ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐹(𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎)
𝑑𝑥
D Logarithmic and Exponential Functions: Reciprocal Identity:
𝑑 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
D23: (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑢) = (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑢) 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑 1 1
D24: 𝑑𝑥
(𝑙𝑛𝑢) =
𝑢
𝑢′ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑
D25: (𝑒 𝑢 ) = 𝑒 𝑢′ 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑
D26: (𝑎𝑢 ) =𝑎 𝑢 (𝑙𝑛𝑎)
𝑢 ′
1
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 =
𝑑 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
D27: (𝑢𝑣 ) = 𝑢𝑣 (𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Pythagorean Identity:
I Standard Formulas: 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1
I1: ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝐶
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
I2: ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃
I3: ∫[𝑓(𝑢) + 𝑔(𝑢)] = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑛+1
I4: ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑛+1
+ 𝐶, 𝑛 ≠ 1
Opposite Angle Identity: 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 𝑀
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 = ln 𝑁 = 𝑙𝑛𝑀 − 𝑙𝑛𝑁
2
sin (−𝜃) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑀 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑀
cos(−𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑒 +𝑒
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥
tan(−𝜃) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑒 = 1
csc(−𝜃) = − csc 𝜃 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 Laws of Exponent and Radicals
sec(−𝜃) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
1 E1: 𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛
cot(−𝜃) = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑎𝑚
Double Angle Identity: E2: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
sinh(−𝑥) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 cosh(−𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 E3: (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 tanh(−𝑥) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 E4: (𝑎𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛
𝑎 𝑎𝑛
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1 Identities Involving Hyperbolic E5: (𝑏 )𝑛 = 𝑏𝑛
= 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 Functions:
E6: 𝑢0 = 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 =
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 = 1 1
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 E7: 𝑢−𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑥 = 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ2 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑥 = 1
𝑛
R1: √𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑛
R2: √𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎 𝑛
2
Product Identity: 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 Perfect Square and Cube
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 ∙ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = (cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)) 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
2
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = (sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)) 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
2
1 = 1 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = (cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵))
2
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 − 1 (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
Definition of Hyperbolic (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3
Functions: Properties of Logarithms
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑀𝑁 = 𝑙𝑛𝑀 + 𝑙𝑛𝑁
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 = 2