Trial exam Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Physics (4PH1) Paper 1P and 2P

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) ;;;; 4

(b) skin burns; apply ‘list’ principle 1

allow 'damage to
skin cells'

(c) reduce time of exposure/ 1

increase distance from source/ apply ‘list’ principle
introduce more material between source and person;

e.g.
suncream, clothing, sunglasses, staying indoors, stay behind
glass windows, only stay outside for 20 minutes without sun
protection

(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) 40 000 {waves / vibrations / oscillations}; allow 40 000 wavelengths / 2
wavefronts
in 1 second / unit time; allow per second

(b) (i) (wave) speed = frequency × wavelength; allow standard symbols and 1
rearrangements e.g. λ = v / f
condone s for speed
ignore incorrect symbols e.g wl
for wavelength, ws for wave
speed

(ii) substitution; 3
rearrangement;
evaluation; POT error = -1
correct answer with no working
gains full marks
e.g. 8.6, 8.62, 8.63, 8.625 = 2 marks
345 = 40 (000) × λ
λ = 345/40 (000)
(λ =) 8.6 × 10-3 (m) allow 9 × 10-3, 8.62 × 10-3, 8.63 ×
10-3, 8.625 × 10-3 (m)

(iii) use of speed = distance/time seen or allow any rearrangement or in 4

implied; correct symbols
allow d, s, x for distance
allow v for speed
condone s for speed
factor of 2 seen;
substitution;
evaluation;
0.007, 0.0068… scores 3 marks
(no factor of 2 used)
e.g.
speed = distance/time
distance should be doubled
345 = 4.70 ÷ time
(time =) 0.0136 (s) allow 0.01, 0.014,
0.01362… (s)

(c) idea that the person can see/know what e.g. marks the position that 1
(distance) they are measuring/eq; (distance) is being measured to
 (d) any three from: allow points shown on a labelled 3
diagram
allow higher level ideas i.e. light
can be polarised but sound can’t
allow reverse argument (RA) for
all marking points

MP1. sound is longitudinal light is can be given from diagram

transverse; showing longitudinal and
transverse waves
MP2. sound vibrations are in the direction allow oscillations, displacements
of travel, light vibrations are for vibrations
perpendicular to the direction of allow direction of energy
travel; transfer for direction of travel
MP3. light is electromagnetic, sound is not; allow sound is mechanical, light
is not
MP4. light can travel through a allow sound needs a medium but
vacuum/space, sound cannot; light does not
MP5. light travels (much) faster (in air) allow quoted speeds for
than sound; comparison
MP6. light slows down in denser medium
but sound speeds up;

Total for Question 2 = 14 marks

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (quantity that has both) magnitude and direction; allow size, value, number or 1
amount for magnitude
ignore scale for magnitude

(b) ignore starting points and 4

lengths of arrows
3 marks max. if more than
two arrows drawn
vertically downward arrow drawn; judge by eye
labelled weight; dependent on previous mark
being awarded (DOP)
allow gravitational force,
force of gravity
ignore gravity, gravitational
field strength, gfs
arrow drawn in opposite direction to velocity;
labelled air resistance / drag / air friction; DOP but allow if arrow
pointing to the left
condone wind resistance

Total for Question 3 = 5 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (current is the) rate of flow of charge; allow amount of charge 1
passing per unit
time/second
ignore rate of flow of
electrons

(b) (i) idea that LED shows that current is present / fuse is allow idea that it shows 1
still working; when the fuse has
blown

(ii) correct symbol for ammeter placed in series with fuse; 1

(c) (i) 0.1 (A); 1

(ii) 0.6 (A); 1

(iii) lamp 3; allow ECF from (c)(i) if 3

any two from: I1 given as greater than
0.3(A) leading to lamp
2 being brightest
• (because) power = current × voltage; allow P = V2 / R
• voltage is the same for all lamps;
• current is greatest; allow resistance is
lowest

Total for Question 4 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) idea that energy can’t be created or both created and destroyed / eq 1
destroyed; need to be seen
ignore lost, removed for destroyed

(b) (i) useful (energy) output ignore ×100(%) 1

efficiency = ;
total (energy) output allow rearrangements
allow total (energy) input for total
(energy) output

(ii) substitution; 4
rearrangement;
evaluation of useful energy output; allow 24.75 (J)
subtraction from total to find wasted energy allow 140.25 (J)
output;
allow alternative method of
determining 85% of energy wasted,
leading to correct final answer
e.g. e.g.
0.15 = Euseful / 165 % wasted = 100 - 15 = 85
Euseful = 0.15 × 165 0.85 = Ewasted / 165
(Euseful =) 25 (J) (Ewasted =) 0.85 × 165
(Ewasted =) 165 – 25 = 140 (J) (Ewasted =) 140 (J)

(iii) diagram to show standard single input with arrows can be in any orientation 3
two output arrows; e.g. both useful and wasted arrows
drawn horizontally
input and output arrows labelled correctly; allow
elastic, input, total for initial arrow
kinetic, useful (output) for
narrower output thermal/heat,
wasted (output) for wider output
but apply ECF from (b)(ii)
scale approximately correct; allow ECF from (b)(ii)
judge by eye – wasted arrow should
be at least 4× wider than useful
arrow and they should sum to
approximately the width of the
input

e.g.
(c) (i) 45 (J); 1

(ii) substitution into 3

work done = force × distance;
rearrangement;
evaluation;

e.g.
45 = force × 7.5
force = 45 / 7.5
(force =) 6.0 (N) allow 6 (N)

Total for Question 5 = 13 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) pressure (difference) = height × density × g; allow standard symbols and 1
rearrangements e.g.
h = p / (ρ × g)
condone d for density

(ii) substitution; allow g = 9.81, 9.8 3

rearrangement;
evaluation in cm; -1 for POT error but check
carefully due to value of g
0.23 (cm) gains 2 marks
e.g.
2300 = h × 1000 × 10
h = 2300 / (1000 × 10)
(h =) 23 (cm) allow 23.46…, 23.44… (cm)

(b) (i) line drawn of similar curved path and aiming towards reject if curve drawn 1
ground to the left of path from hole B; upwards at any point

(ii) any two from: allow “near top of 2

bottle”/eq for A
MP1. pressure is lower at A; allow RA
MP2. force acting on water at A is less; allow RA
MP3. water leaves the bottle at a lower speed/KE at allow RA
A;
OR
any two from:
MP1. initial velocity of water is horizontal; allow water leaves bottle
horizontally
MP2. (force of) gravity acts on the water;
MP3. water accelerates downwards;

(iii) any three from: ignore holes at same height 3

above ground
MP1. idea that path from C is identical / allow path is the same (as
symmetrical to path from B; B)
MP2. (because) pressure is the same; allow force acting on water
is the same
MP3. (initial) speed of water is the same; allow (initial) KE of water is
the same
MP4. idea that pressure acts (equally) in all
directions;

(iv) any one from: 1

MP1. idea that it allows air to enter the bottle (as
water level falls);
MP2. idea that it maintains equal pressure between
air inside and air outside the bottle;
MP3. idea that no water would come out of the
holes otherwise;

Total for Question 6 = 11 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) allow alternative method 3
involving changing GPE
lost = KE gained e.g.
substitution into v2 = u2 + 2as; sub into mgh = ½mv2
rearrangement;
evaluation;
allow use of 9.8, 9.81 for
g
e.g.
v2 = 0 + (2 × 10 × 18)
v = √360
(v =) 19 (m/s) allow 18.8, 18.78…,
18.79…,18.97… (m/s)

(b) (i) kinetic energy = ½ × mass × speed2; allow rearrangements 1

and standard symbols
e.g. KE = ½ × m × v2

(ii) substitution; allow ECF from (a) 2

evaluation; allow alternative method
involving changing GPE
lost = KE gain
allow 370 000-372 000
from g = 9.8, 9.81
e.g.
(KE =) 0.5 × 2100 × 192
(KE =) 380 000 (J) allow 400 000, 378 000,
379 000
1 mark only for not
converting tonnes to kg
e.g. KE = 380 (J), 378 (J)

(c) allow answers in terms of 4

types of energy rather
than stores and transfers
idea that energy is transferred from a gravitational allow GPE to KE
(store) to a kinetic (store);

idea that energy is transferred to a thermal (store) allow heat for thermal
of {car / shaft / surroundings};

idea that energy is transferred mechanically; allow energy transferred

due to a named force
e.g. gravity, friction

idea that energy is transferred by radiation / by allow energy transferred

heating; as sound

Total for Question 7 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) any two from: 6
MP1. height is independent variable;
MP2. at least five different heights tested;
MP3. range is dependent variable;

with any two from:

MP4. one control variable named; e.g. launch speed/launch force,
MP5. second control variable named; angle of launch, same ball
MP6. idea of repeating process at each height to allow repeating process at each
find mean; height to identify anomalies

AND:
MP7. ruler used to measure height / range; allow tape measure
condone metre stick
MP8. suitable method to see where ball lands; e.g. record video (and playback
in slow motion) cover ball in
paint, material on floor to show
landing point etc.

(b) (i) smooth curve within one small square of data ignore extrapolation of curve 1
points; beyond the points
take care the curve is not dot to
dot straight lines

(ii) height reading consistent with curve of best fit; allow 0.15-0.25 (m) 1
allow ECF from (b)(i)

(iii) idea that (both) variables are continuous; allow results/data are 1
continuous

(iv) pair of readings taken from graph; allow data points or readings 4
taken from candidate’s curve
substitution into given formula; allow ECF from (b)(i) and (b)(ii)
rearrangement;
evaluation to at least 1 decimal place;
3 marks max. for reverse
argument e.g. using speed of 3
m/s to calculate height or range
e.g.
range = 1.92m when height = 2.0m
2.0
1.92 = launch speed × �
5
launch speed = 1.92 / √0.4
(launch speed =) 3.0 (m/s) allow range 2.9-3.1 (m/s) unless
ECF from (b)(i)

Total for Question 8 = 13 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (plotting) compass(es); allow suspended 1
magnet, magnetometer
allow higher level
responses e.g. Hall
probe, search coil

(b) one mark for each correct indication;;; 2 marks max. if more 3
than three indications
given

(c) any two from: 3

difficult to magnetise; allow idea of taking a
long time to magnetise
difficult to demagnetise; allow idea of taking a
idea that it retains its magnetism; long time to
demagnetise

easy to magnetise or demagnetise

Total for Question 9 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) units (if given) must be 2
consistent with data
i.e. 20 Hz - 20kHz
20 (Hz);
to 20 000 (Hz);

max 1 mark if non-

frequency unit given
(b) (i) microphone; ignore sound sensor, 1
ultrasound detector

(ii) any three from: 3

MP1. idea of adjusting oscilloscope to obtain steady e.g. “freeze the
trace /eq; screen”

MP2. idea of adjusting time base to display (at

least) one cycle on screen /eq;

MP3. Idea of evaluating number of squares for full condone reference to a

cycle /eq; wavelength rather than
a time period or full
cycle
MP4. multiply number of squares (for full cycle) by
time base /eq;

(c) (i) number of squares for full cycle; 2

correct evaluation of time period from candidate’s reject answer that
number of squares; clearly uses the
amplitude scale for 0
marks

e.g.
one full cycle = 6 squares
time period = (6  5  10-6) = 3  10-5 (s) allow 30  10-6 (s)

(ii) substitution into f = 1/T; allow ECF from (c)(i) 2

evaluation;

e.g.
f = 1 / 3  10-5
(f =) 3.3  104 (Hz) allow 33 333.3…,
33 300, 33 000 etc (Hz)
allow 30 000

Total for question 10 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) energy to change temperature by 1°C; accept 1 K 2

per kilogram of mass; DOP

(b) any two from: 2
MP1. leave block in oven for longer / check it is
definitely at 220°C;

MP2. idea of transferring block from oven to water

as quickly as possible;

MP3. adding insulation to the container (of water); e.g. wrap it in wool

MP4. place a lid on container (of water);

MP5. use container (of water) with low (specific) e.g. use a polystyrene
heat capacity or low thermal conductivity; cup

MP6. idea of repeating and {average/remove

anomalies};
(c) (i) 38 (°C); 1

(ii) (38 – 20 =) 18 °C; 1

(iii) substitution; allow ECF from (c)(ii) 3

rearrangement of ΔQ = m  c  ΔT; -1 for POT
evaluation;

e.g.
190 000 = 2.3 × c × 18
c = 190 000 / (2.3  18)
(c = ) = 4600 (J/kg °C) allow 4589.37…, 4590
etc
(d) ignore where lines 4 exp
intersect the time axis
throughout

line has two downward sloping sections of different sections do not need to
gradient; be straight, but one
must be clearly steeper
than the other
horizontal line at 0 oC in between downward sloping reject this MP if there is
sections; more than one
horizontal line lower
than 38 and higher than
-20

line starts at 38 oC and finishes at -20 oC; ignore start/finish time

initial downward sloping line has smaller gradient than by eye

final downward sloping line;
note: responses with
initial downward
section and final
downward section
parallel (by eye) can
only score MP2 and MP3

Total for Question 11 = 13 marks