Good morning!

JIKKA ANTONETTE S.
DEPASUCAT
PRESENTOR
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 The mind WARM UP!
In 2 minutes, arrange each item of jumbled letters to
form a word. Write your answer using the tools in your
[Link]. These words will give us a clue about
our topic for today.

GAME!
1. E C R C T L E I

2. V E G A N T I E

3. P O I I V I S T

4. C L O U M B O

5. E G R A H C

6. T E R S
ELECTROSTATICS is the study of all
phenomena associated with charged
bodies at rest.
ELECTROSTATICS is the study of all
phenomena associated with charged
bodies at rest.

● Electric Charge
● Coulomb’s Law
● Electric Field
 The Objectives

State the concept of Grasp the concept of

Coulumb’s Law. electric field in simple terms.

Explain the origin of Solve problems

charges on the basis of the involving Coulomb’s Law.
structure of an atom.
Hair standing effect by a Cathode Ray
Hair standing effect by a
Tube Television
Van de Graff Generator
Electrostatics:

Electric
Charge
All matter is made
up of atoms.

Subatomic Particles:
Atomic Structure
Proton (+)
Electron (-)
Neutron (no charge)
What is a Charge?
a basic property of matter
carried by some subatomic
particles that govern how the
particles are affected by an
electric or magnetic field.
2 types of charges:

Positively charged atom

Atomic Structure
Negatively charged atom
 +6 protons

-6 electrons

0 electric charge -> Neutral

Atomic Structure
What can you say about the picture?

Law of Attraction and Repulsion

Law of Attraction and Repulsion
of Charges

States that:
Like charges repel,

Unlike charges attract.

The attraction or repulsion acts

along between two charges.
 Important facts about the Proton,
Neutron, and Electron
SUBATOMIC
LOCATION MASS CHARGE
PARTICLES

PROTON Inside nucleus 1.67252 x 10-27 kg +1.6 x 10-19 C

NEUTRON Inside nucleus 1.67495 x 10-27 kg None

ELECTRON Outside nucleus 9.1095 x 10-31 kg -1.6 x 10-19 C

The SI unit of charge is coulomb, abbreviated

as C.
The charge of a proton +1.6 x 10-19 C and -1.6 x 10-19 C for electron. Thus,
an electron has a charge of -e while a proton has a charge of +e.
 The SI unit of charge is coulomb,
abbreviated as C.
The charge of a proton +1.6 x 10-19 C and -1.6 x 10-19 C
for electron. Thus, an electron has a charge of -e while a
proton has a charge of +e.

e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
Law of Conservation of
Electric Charge
“Charges cannot be created
nor destroyed, but can be
transferred from one material
to another. The total charge in
a system must remain
constant.”
...but this depends on
the kind of material.
 Conductors

A conductor is a material
which allows charges to flow
readily.
 Insulators
Insulator is a material that
resists the flow of charges.
What is a Static
Electricity?
Electric charges at rest.
Static Electricity occurs when
an object obtains a net amount
of positive or negative electric
charge, creating an imbalance
that wants to be returned to
equilibrium.
Process of Charging
Charging is the separation of charges that involves the
addition or removal of electrons.

3 ways a body will be charged:

-> Charging by Conduction

-> Charging by Friction
-> Charging by Induction
 Charging by
Friction

One way to do this is

rubbing the two
materials against
each other.
 Charging by
Friction
When rubbing two different
materials together, it’s quite
confusing to judge which one will
become positively charged, and
which one will become negatively
charged.
TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES
Dry hands
Leather
Glass
Human Hair
Nylon
Wool
Fur
Silk
Wood
Amber
Rubber
Polyester
Styrofoam
Polyurethane
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Teflon
 TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES
Charging by Friction Dry hands
Leather
Glass
Sample Problem: Human Hair
Nylon
Which will be positively charged and
Wool
which will be negatively charged Fur
when materials in the pair are rubbed Silk
against each other? Wood
Amber
a.) Human hair and rubber Rubber
b.) Wool and amber Polyester
Styrofoam
c.) Nylon and PVC pipe
Polyurethane
d.) Stryrofoam and Leather Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Teflon
 TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES
Charging by Friction Dry hands
Leather
Glass
Sample Problem: Human Hair
Nylon
Which will be positively charged and
Wool
which will be negatively charged Fur
when materials in the pair are rubbed Silk
against each other? Wood
Amber
a.) Human hair and rubber Rubber
Polyester
Answer: Styrofoam
Polyurethane
Hair +, rubber -
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Teflon
 TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES
Charging by Friction Dry hands
Leather
Glass
Sample Problem: Human Hair
Nylon
Which will be positively charged and
Wool
which will be negatively charged Fur
when materials in the pair are rubbed Silk
against each other? Wood
Amber
b.) Wool and amber Rubber
Polyester
Answer:
Styrofoam
Wool +, amber - Polyurethane
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Teflon
 TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES
Charging by Friction Dry hands
Leather
Glass
Sample Problem: Human Hair
Nylon
Which will be positively charged and
Wool
which will be negatively charged Fur
when materials in the pair are rubbed Silk
against each other? Wood
Amber
c.) Nylon and PVC Rubber
Polyester
Answer:
Styrofoam
Nylon +, PVC - Polyurethane
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Teflon
 TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES
Charging by Friction Dry hands
Leather
Glass
Sample Problem: Human Hair
Nylon
Which will be positively charged and
Wool
which will be negatively charged Fur
when materials in the pair are rubbed Silk
against each other? Wood
Amber
d.) Styrofoam and Leather Rubber
Polyester
Answer: Styrofoam
Polyurethane
Styrofoam -, Leather +
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Teflon
Charging by
Induction

Is a charging process where

an object can be charged
without actual contact with
any other charged object.
Charging by
Induction
Charging by
Induction
As a result, the part of the
sphere closest to the rod
becomes positively charged and
the part away from the rod
becomes negatively charged.

“Induced” or
“persuaded” to form
Electrostatics:

Coulomb’s
Law
Coulomb’s Law
States that:
The electric force between charged
particles is proportional to the quantity
of each of the charges and is inversely
proportional to the square of the
distance between them.

Charles Augustine de
Coulomb
 Charges
WHERE:
Charge, Force

Distance, Force

Electrical force in
Newton.

Constant = distance
of separation
9 x 109 Nm2/ C2
The concept:
Newton’s Law of Gravity Coulomb’s Law

VS.

Newton’s Law on Universal Coulomb’s Law

Gravitation

G = 6.67 x 10-11N m2/ kg2 k = 9 x 109 Nm2/ C2

However, gravitational force is only an attractive force.

Electric force on the other hand, my be attractive or repulsive.
Gravitational force is much weaker than the electric force.
 Sample Problem:
Calculate the force of attraction between the lone
electron and proton in a hydrogen atom. The average
distance between them is 5.0 x 10-11m.

(1.6 x 10-19 C) (1.6 x 10-19 C)

F = (9 x 109 N m2/C2)
(5.0 x 10-11 m) 2

= 9.2 x 10-8 N Note: Disregard the sign of Q1 and

Q2. Use the absolute value instead. It
is important to remember this when
dealing Coulomb’s Law.
 Practice Exercise:
Metal spheres are charged with an identical quantity of -6.25 x 10-6 C.
They are held apart at a separation distance of 61.7 cm.

(6.25 x 10-6 C) (6.25 x 10-6 C)

F = (9 x 109 N m2/C2)
(0.617 m) 2

= 0.923 N
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
Electrostatics:

Electric
Field
Action-at-a Distance

Earth exerts a force upon a

projectile even when it is not
in physical contact with the
projectile.
Gravitational force

Field force
A charged sphere exerts a
force upon a balloon even
when it is not in physical
contact with the balloon. Non-contact or field forces.
 - Magnetic
 - Gravitational
 - Electric
Contact force
Electric Field
The space in the neighborhood of a charged
particle/particles is called an electric field of force.

and if another charged object

enters this field interaction will
occur.
Electric Field Intensity

Electric field strength is

called Electric Field
Intensity.

Physicists use a positive unit charge as the test charge in defining

electric field intensity.
Electric Field
The Logic Behind the Electric Field Concept:

• A charged object alters the electrical properties of the

space that surrounds it.
• Other objects that are in that space experience the
effect of that charge.
• The charged object has created an electric field - an
alteration of the surrounding space.
• Other objects that enter that space feel the effects of
that space and interact differently because of the
electrical field that has been established.
Stinky Field Analogy
A poopy diaper is known to alter the olfactory properties of the
surrounding space. It creates a stinky field that permeates the
surrounding space.

Without ever contacting the diaper, every nose in the room knows
that the space has been altered by the presence of a stinky field.

And the strength of that stinky field depends on how close you get to
its source (the diaper) and the amount of stink in that source.
Stinky Field vs. Electric Field
1. A nose is used to detect a stinky field. Another charged object
(test charge) is used to detect an electric field.

2. The detector is interacting with the field … not with the source.

3. And the strength of the field varies inversely with the distance
from the source of the field.

4. The strength of the field depends upon the properties of the

source – the amount of stink or the charge of the source. of the field.
Electric Field lines

One way we depict electric field is by drawing electric field lines

which generally point towards negative charges and away
from positive charges that do not cross.
Electric Field lines

These lines don’t really exist but they are a convenient way to
analyze the direction of a field at any point in a given space.

More lines = stronger field

 Summary
• Electrostatics is the study of all phenomena associated with charged
bodies at rest.

• Charge is a basic property of matter carried by some subatomic

particles that govern how the particles are affected by an electric or
magnetic field.

• Law of Attraction and Repulsion of Charges states that like charges

repel and unlike charges attract.

• The charge of a proton +1.6 x 10-19 C and -1.6 x 10-19 C for electron.
Thus, an electron has a charge of -e while a proton has a charge of
+e.
• 3 ways a body will be charged: Charging by Friction, Conduction and
Induction.
Summary
• Formula for Coulomb’s Law

• Electric Field is space in the neighborhood of a charged

particle/particles is called an electric field of force.

• Any charged object creates an electric field, and if another charged

object enters this field interaction will occur.

• Electric field strength is called Electric Field Intensity as denoted by

this formula
Let’s form
a cloud!

In 1 minute, send 2 words that marks

in your mind from our lesson.
Resources:

Physics: Exploring Life through Science (2nd Ed)

Angelina Silverio, Gloria de Castro – Bernas, Ph. D.

iPhysics: Investigatory Physics IV

Gil Nonato C. Santos, Alfonso C. Danac

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