PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.

1 INDORE

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

REPORT

DETERMINING AMOUNT
OF ACETIC ACID IN
VINEGAR

SUBMITTED BY-
NAME – RUCHI DHAKAD
CLASS &DIV – 12 B
SCHOOL ROLL NO - 12204
BOARD ROLL NO –
SUBMITTED TO-
MR. GIRISH GAUTAM

CERTIFICATE
 This is to certify that
Miss RUCHI DHAKAD
of class XII has
completed the chemistry project entitled
‘DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT OF ACETIC ACI D IN VINEGAR’

herself and under my guidance

during the academic year 2024-25.
The progress of the project has been
Continuously
reported and has been in my knowledge
consistently.

INCHARGE TEACHER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL SIGNATURE
 AIM

Measuring the Amount of Acetic Acid

IN Vinegar
by Titration with an Indicator solution.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely thank our Chemistry teacher
Mr. Girish Gautam for his guidance,
encouragement and support
throughout the duration of the project.
Without his motivation and help the
successful completion of this project
would not have been possible. I would
also like to extend my gratitude to the
entire Chemistry department of
Kendriya Vidyalaya no.1 Indore for
their constant support.
Ruchi Dhakad
12 B
 INDEX
1. Certificate

2. Aim

3. Acknowledgement

4. Objective

5. Introduction

6. Apparatus

7. Theory

8. Experimental Procedure

9. Experiment 1

10. Experiment 2

11. Experiment 3

[Link]

13. Precautions

14. Bibliography
 OBJECTIVE

The goal of this project is to determine the amount of

Acetic Acid in different types of vinegar using titration

with a coloured pH indicator to determine the

endpoint.
 INTRODUCTION

About Vinegar:

Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol (CH3CH2O H ) ,

which in turn was previously fermented from sugar. The fermentation of
ethanol results in the production of acetic acid (CH3COOH). There are many
different types of vinegar, each starting from a different original sugar source
( e.g., rice, wine, malt, etc.) . The amount of acetic acid in vinegar can vary,
typically between 4 to 6% for table vinegar, but up to three times higher ( 18%)
for pickling vinegar .

Titration introduction:

In this project, I have determined the amount of acid in different vinegars

using titration, a common technique in chemistry. Titration is a way to measure

the unknown amount of a chemical in a solution (the titrant) by adding a

measured amount of a chemical with a known concentration (the titrating

solution). The titrating solution reacts with the titrant, and the endpoint of the

reaction is monitored in some way. The concentration of the titrant can now be

calculated from the amount of titrating solution added, and the ratio of the

two chemicals in the chemical equation for the reaction.

 Titration theory:

To measure the acidity of a vinegar solution, we can add enough hydroxyl ions

to balance out the added hydrogen ions from the acid. The hydroxyl ions will

react with the hydrogen ions to produce water. In order for a titration to work,

we need three things: 1. a titration solution (contains hydroxyl ions with a

precisely known concentration), 2. a method for delivering a precisely

measured volume of the titrating solution, and 3. a means of indicating when

the endpoint has been reached. For the titrating solution, we'll use a dilute

solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, which

means that it dissociates almost completely in water .So for every NaOH

molecule that we add to the solution we can expect to produce a hydroxyl ion.

Performing titration:

To dispense an accurately measured volume of the titrating solution, we will

use a burette. A burette is a long tube with a valve at the bottom and

graduated markings on the outside to measure the volume contained in the

burette. The burette is mounted on a ring stand, directly above the titrant

solution . Solutions in the burette tend to creep up the sides of the glass at the

surface of the liquid. This is due to the surface tension of water. The surface of

the liquid thus forms a curve, called a meniscus. To measure the volume of the

liquid in the burette, always read from the bottom of the meniscus.
 Indicators:

In this experiment, we will use an indicator solution called phenolphthalein.

Phenolphthalein is colourless when the solution is acidic or neutral. When the

solution becomes slightly basic, phenolphthalein turns pinkish, and then light

purple as the solution becomes more basic. So when the vinegar solution starts

to turn pink, we know that the titration is complete.

 APPARATUS

To do this experiment we will need the following

materials and equipment:
➔Vinegar, three different types.
➔Distilled water
➔Small funnel
➔0.5% Phenolphthalein solution in alcohol (pH
indicator solution)
➔0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution
➔125 mL Conical flask
➔25 or 50 mL burette
➔10 mL graduated cylinder
➔Ring stand
➔Burette clamp
 THEOREY
Required amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be calculated using the
following formula:
W = Molarity X Molar Mass X Volume / 1000
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
W = 0.5 X 40 X 500/ 1000 = 10 g
The acetic acid content of a vinegar may be determined by titrating a vinegar
sample with a solution of sodium hydroxide of known molar concentration
(molarity).
CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH(aq) --> CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l) (acid) + (base) --> (salt)
+ (water)
At the end point in the titration stoichiometry between the both solution lies
in a 1:1 ratio. M CH 3COOH X V CH 3COOH=M NaOH X V NaOH Strength of acid
in vinegar can be determined by the following formula:
Strength of acetic acid = M CH 3COOH X 60
Indicator - Phenolphthalein
End point - Colourless to pink
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Pour 1.5 ml of vinegar in a Conical flask.

2. Add distilled water to dissolve the vinegar so that the volume of the solution
becomes 20 ml.
3. Add 3 drops of 0.5% phenolphthalein solution.
4. Use the burette clamp to attach the burette to the ring stand. The opening
at the bottom of the burette should be just above the height of the Conical
flask we use for the vinegar and phenolphthalein solution.
5. Use a funnel to fill the burette with a 0.1 M solution of sodium hydroxide.
6. Note the starting level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the burette. Put
the vinegar solution to be titrated under the burette.
7. Slowly drip the solution of sodium hydroxide into the vinegar solution. Swirl
the flask gently to mix the solution, while keeping the opening underneath the
burette.
8. At some point we will see a pink colour in the vinegar solution when the
sodium hydroxide is added, but the colour will quickly disappear as the solution
is mixed. When this happens, slow the burette to drop-by-drop addition.
9. When the vinegar solution turns pink and remains that colour even with
mixing, the titration is complete. Close the tap (or pinch valve) of the burette.
10. Note the remaining level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the burette.
Remember to read from the bottom of the meniscus.
11. Subtract the initial level from the remaining level to figure out how much
titrating solution we have used.
12. For each vinegar that we test, repeat the titration at least three times.
 EXPERIMENT: 1

Take the laboratory vinegar in the conical flask

and do the titration with NaOH as mentioned
OBSERVATIONS
Vol. in vinegar Burette Reading Vol. of NaOH
solution (in ml) solution used
(in ml) Burette
Reading
20 0 15.2 15.2

20 0 15.2
15.2
20 0 15.2
15.2
Concordant value: 15.2
CALCULATIONS-
We know that:
M CH 3COOH X V CH 3COOH=M NaOH X V NaOH
M CH 3COOH= M NaOH X V NaOH V \ V CH 3COOH
M CH 3COOH = 0.5 X 15.2
= 0.38 mol/L
Strength of acetic acid: 0.38 X 60 g/L = 22.8 g\L

EXPERIMENT:2
Take the household vinegar in the conical flask
and do the titration with NaOH as mentioned
OBSERVATIONS:
Vol. in vinegar Burette Reading Vol. of NaOH
solution (in ml) sol. used in
(ml)

10 0 13.5 13.5

10 0 13.5 13.5

10 0 13.5 13.5

CONCORDANT VALUE: 13.5

Calculations:
We know that:
M CH 3COOH X V CH 3COOH=M NaOH X V NaOH
M CH 3COOH= M NaOH X V NaOH V \ V CH 3COOH
M CH 3COOH = 0.5 X 13.5 10 = 0.675 mol/L
Strength of acetic acid = 0 .675 X 60 = 40.5 g/L

EXPERIMENT: 3
Take the wine vinegar in the conical flask and do
the titration with NaOH as mentioned.
Vol. in vinegar Burette Reading Vol. of NaOH
solution (in ml) solution used
(in ml) Burette
Reading
 10 0 24 24

10 0 24 24

10 0 24 24

OBSERVATIONS:
CONCORDANT VALUE: 24
Calculations:
We know that:
M CH 3COOH X V CH 3COOH=M NaOH X V NaOH
M CH 3COOH= M NaOH X V NaOH\ V CH 3COOH
M CH 3COOH = 0.5 X 24 10 = 1.2 mol/L
Strength of acetic acid = 1.2 X 60 = 72 g/L

RESULT
➢ Strength of acetic acid in laboratory vinegar = 22.8 g/L
➢ Strength of acetic acid in household vinegar = 40.5 g/L
➢ Strength of acetic acid in wine vinegar = 72 g/L

Order of amount of acetic acid in vinegar is:

Wine Vinegar > Household Vinegar > Laboratory Vinegar
 PRECAUTIONS
Transfering of measured vinegar into a measuring
flask should be done very carefully. Measuring
must be performed carefully.
Look at the meniscus of solution at eye level to
avoid parallax.
Look at the lower meniscus in the light coloured
solution and upper meniscus in the dark coloured
solution because of visibility.
Do not forget to add distilled water to the
vinegar.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Comprehensive Lab Manual for Class XII by

Laxmi Publication.
2. [Link]