Part I: Fill in the blanks with given words.

Write the letters A-TO points)

Question 1:
A. hedges U11 E. positive u10 I. adjunct u7 tr100 M. object u7 tr100 Q. coherence u11
tr156 (people)
B. theme U9 túc F. reflexivity u2 J. prototype u9 N. assimilation u4 R. implicature u11
từ tr132 tr14 tr137 tr175
C. blending u5 G. morphs u6 tr80 K. phones u4 tr47 O. hyponym u9 S. negative u10
tr51 tr135 tr156
D. cohesion u11 H. agent u9 tr132 L. arbitrariness u2 P. hypocorisms u5 T. elision u4 tr51
chặt chẽ
1. The idea of "the characteristic instance" of a category is known as the ___J______
2. ____D______are formal ties and connections that exist within texts.
3. The property of ___F_____for the fact that we can use language to think and talk about language itself,
making it one of the distinguishing features of human language.
4. We can use certain types of expressions, called _____A_____ to show that we are concerned about
following the maxims while being co-operative speakers.
5. ____S_____face is the need to be independent and free from imposition. Độc lập; positive : connected,
belong, be a member
6. The entity that performs the action is technically known as the _____H_____ (agent đi chung theme
(involved))
7. An____I_____ which is often a prepositional phrase typically provides additional information such as
where, when, or how the subject verb-ed the object. Bổ nghĩa sau túc từ
8. We can propose ____G_____ as the actual forms used to realize morphemes.
9. In _____P_______ longer word is reduced to a single syllable, then -y or -ie is added to the end.
10. When two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken or "copied" by
the other, the process is known as ______N________ đồng hóa
Question 2: Choose a term from the list below to fill in each blank.
A. assimilation E. semantic roles I. glides u3 M. syntax Q. social
u9 tr132 interaction source
u1 tr5 (group of
social)
B. liquids u3 F. phonetics u3 J. pragmatic N. applied R. phonology u4
tr29 meaning u10 linguistics u14
C. communicative G. cohesion u11 K. speech act u10 O. elision S. implicature
competence u14 tr157
D. politeness u10 H. natural sound L. linguistics P. coherence T. semantic
tr156 source u1 tr3 features u9 tr134
a) When two sound segments occur in sequenqce and some aspect of one segment is taken or "copied" by
the other, the process is known as ______A__________
b) _______R________studies abstract presentation of sounds in our minds. Trình bày 1 cách trừu tượng
c)_____N_______concerned with practical issues involving language and its role in everyday life.
d) The theories of ____H_____ suppose that the early human imitated the sounds in the environment and
used them to refer to the objects.
e) According to the manner of articulation, when we pronounce __B____, we raise and curl our tongue to
let the airflow escape round the sides. Cong lưỡi
(f) A ___K_____ is the action performed by a speaker with an utterance (văn bản/ toàn bộ) diễn tả hành
động
g) In discourse analysis, _____G______ is the ties and connections that exist within texts.
h)____J_____depends on context and communicative intention of speaker. Dựa vào ngữ cảnh dự định ng
nói
i) _____D_______in pragmatics, can be defined as showing awareness and consideration of another
person's face. Lịch sự
j)______C________is the general ability to use language accurately, appropriately and flexibly.
Question 3: Fill in the blanks with given words. Write the letters A – T
A. grammatical E. instrument I. derivational M. elision Q. cohesion
B. inflectional u6 F. assimilation J. pharynx N. experiencer R. reflexivity
78
C. coinage u5 64 G. prototype K. collocation O. hyponym S. natural
D. coherence H. tongue L. arbitrariness P. analogy T. corpus
linguistics

1. One way we seem to organize our knowledge of words is simply on the basis of ____K____or
frequently occurring together.
2. If an agent uses another entity in order to perform an action, that other entity fills the role ___E______
3. We have to describe the relationship in terms of ____S_____ gender, mainly derived from a biological
distinction between male and female.
4_____B________morphemes are not used to produce new words in the language, but rather to indicate
the grammatical function of a word.
5. A process is known simply as____P_______, whereby new words are formed that are similar in some
way to existing words.
6. The process of not pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the deliberately careful
pronunciation of a word in isolation is described as ____M____
7. The_____J______ which is above the vocal folds acts as a resonator for increased range and clarity of
the sounds produced via the larynx. Thanh quản
8. ____Q_______are formal ties and connections that exist within texts.
9. The idea of “the characteristic instance" of a category is known as the _____G______
10. The property of _____R_____accounts for the fact that we can use language to think and talk about
language itself, making it one of the distinguishing features of human language.
Part 2:
Question 1: Write definitions for the initial sounds in the normal pronunciation of the following words.
E.g. kin: [k] is a voiceless velar stop.
1. join: [dʒ] is a voiced palatal affricate
2. sun: [s] is a voiceless alveolar fricative
3. meet: [m] is a voiced bilabial nasal
4. sure: [ʃ] is a voiceless palatal fricative
5. young: [j] is a voiced palatal glide
Write definitions for the initial sounds in the normal pronunciation of the following words.
(1 point)
E.g. kin: /k/ is a voiceless velar stop.
1. book: /b/ is a voiced bilabial stop
2. zebra: /z/ is a voiced alveolar fricative
3. them: /ð/ is a voiced dental fricative
4. chicken: /tʃ/ is a voiceless palatal affricate
5. young: /j/ is a voiced palatal glide
For each pair of words, write "Yes" if it is a minimal pair or write "No" if it is not a minimal pairpoint)
E.g. see/sea → No
1. pouch/pour No
2. goat/code Yes /ɡəʊt /kəʊd
3. dean/deed Yes
4. food/foot Yes
5. night/bite Yes
Question 2: For each pair of words, write "Yes" if it is a minimal pair or write "No" if it is not a/
minimal pair.
E.g. see/sea  No
1. goal/coal Yes
2. peace/peak NO
3. can/sane Yes
4. light/sight Yes
5. ban/bun Yes
Question 4: More than one process was involved in the creation of the forms underlined in these
sentences. Identify the processes involved in each case.
1. Have you ever drunk a decaf? Clipping, conversion, derivation, borrowing
2. Do you want to blog? conversion, backformation
Question 5. List the bound morphemes in the following words.
1. carelessly: -less, -ly
2. uncomfortably: un-, -able, -ly
3. re-teach-ing: re-, -ing
4. misunderstandings: mis-, -ing, -s
5. unreconstructed: un- re- -ed
Question 6: What is the basic lexical relation between each pair of words listed below? Tr.136
1. piece / peace homophone
2. raise/lower gradable antonym
3. the President / The Grand Kremlin Palace metonymy
4. handbag / purse synonymy
5. parrot/parakeet synonymy
Question 7: Draw tree diagram(s) to represent the two different underlying structures and paraphrase
each of them
English with an American accent.
She speaks English which has an American accent

Question 2:
Write definition for the final sound in each of the following words:
teach, beauty, learned, writhe, climb
teach: /tʃ/ is a voiceless palatal affricate
beauty: /i/ is a high front vowel
learned: /d/ is a voiced alveolar stop
writhe: /ð/ is a voiced dental fricative
climb: /m/ is a voiced bilabial nasal
Question 3:
a) Identify the affixes used in the following words:
decentralization: de-, -ize, -ation
prepackaged: pre-, -age, -ed
writings: -ing, -s
hopefully: -ful, -ly
unemployment: un-, -ment
b) What are the inflectional morphemes in these expressions?
i. Janes is older than me, and Tom often behaves in the rudest way.
ii. Can you guess how long the woman has been waiting?
Question 4:
Draw tree diagram(s) used to represent the underlying structure(s) of the following sentence:
John will look for an English literature teacher.

Question 5:
a) Using semantic features, how would you explain the oddness of these sentences?
There is a laptop sitting on the desk.
……………………………………………………………………………
b) What causes ambiguity in this sentence:
What has four legs, but only one foot?
Question 6:
What helps the people involved in the conversation below understand each other? What are
the speech acts in it?
HER: That's the telephone
HIM: I'm in the bath
HER: O.K.
Question 7:
Answer the question:
Can people teach their pets to understand and produce human language?
Write at least 50 words to support your answer with the knowledge of linguistics that you
have learnt in this course.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question 8:
What region(s) or group(s) of people speak a standard variety of English?
Write at least 50 words to support your answer with the knowledge of linguistics and relevant terms that
you have learnt in this course.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Part 2: (7 points)
Question 1: Write definitions for the initial sounds in the normal pronunciation of the following words
E.g. kin: /k/ is a voiceless velar stop.
1 mole:…………………………………………………………
2. dig: …………………………………………………………
3. pet: …………………………………………………………
4. judge: …………………………………………………………
5. long: …………………………………………………………
Question 2: For each pair of words, write "Yes" if it is a minimal pair or write "No" if it is not a minimal
pair.
E.g. see/ sea  No
1. warm/norm ………………
2. pick/pit ………………
3. couch/cough ………………
4. heat/sit ………………
5. sight/bite ………………
Question 3: Identify the different word-formation processes involved in producing each of the underlined
words in these sentences.
1. If you don't know an answer, you can use google it online: coinage
2. You are very good. You are so pro: clipping
3. The WHO is the international organization: acronym
4. He is the only bookie in this region: hypocorisms
5. Why did she write to you late? backformation
Question 4: Look at the following sentence. Write down the number of each morpheme type and list
morphs. Then, fill in the blank.
Watching cartoon increases a child's happiness
1. Lexical morphemes: How many? 5, Morphs: watch, cartoon, increase, child, happy
2. Functional morphemes: How many? 1 Morphs: a
3. Derivational morphemes: How many? 2 Morphs: -ing, -ness
4. Inflectional morphemes: How many? 2 Morphs. -s, -‘s
5. The words put in a closed class are ?
Question 5: What is one obvious presupposition of a speaker who says:
1. My pet is very lovely I have a pet
2. She has stopped hitting that child  She hit that child
3. Why did he arrive home late?  He arrived home late
4. How much did she buy a pair of shoes  She bought a pair of shoes
5. I am angry with their children  They have children
Question 6: What is the basic lexical relation between each pair of words listed below?
1. animal/bee: hyponymy
2. enter/exit: reversive antonymy
3. the President / The Grand Kremlin Palace: metonymy
4. couch/sofa: synonymy
5. son/sun: homophony
Question 8: Draw a tree diagram to represent the underlying structure of the following sentence.
A woman bought a fresh watermelon on a rainy afternoon.

CHAPTER 1: THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE

What sources of language are the following statements about?
Source Statements
 Bow wow theory 1. Language is onomatopoeia.
The tool making source 2. Humans are believed to develop language as a result of their ability
to use hands, especially in making and using objects.
The divine source 3. Children living in isolation could develop human language
spontaneously
Innate hypothesis 4. That humans' brain develops thanks to changes in diet and biological
aspects may result in the exclusive language ability in humans
Bow wow 5. Human language echo natural sounds.
Pooh pooh 6. Instinctive sounds people make in emotional circumstances are
source for language
Social interaction 7. The capacity for language of humans is innate which may not be
found in any other creatures.
Musical 8. Intonation is the first aspect of language that develops in human.
Divine source 9. God created language for humans.
Social 10. The need to collaborate forces humans to develop language, which
is different from animals.
The natural sound 11. Humans imitate the sounds in nature.
Social interac 12. Humans needed to live in groups in order to have better protection.
Music 13. A scientist proposed that early humans expressed love with music
and rhythm before articulating words.
social 14. People produced sound to communicate within their organizations,
interacting with others.
physical 15. Most of the time of human breathing while speaking is for
exhalation.
múic 16. Musical ability develops before the ability to create words.
Mouth and teeth 17. The vocal tract makes it possible for humans to produce speech
sounds.
Physical adaption 18. Humans possess physical properties that may have supported speech
production.
CHAPTER 5:
Definitions Word formation
1. A joining of 2 (or more) separate words to produce a single form Compounding
2. New words come from the initial letters of a set of words Acronyms
3. A longer word is reduced to a single syllable, then -y or -ie is added to Hypocorism
the end
4. The invention and general use of totally new terms, usually trade Coinage
names as general terms
5. A word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of Backformation
another type (usually a verb)
6. Adding affixes (prefixes and suffixes, very rare infixes) to make new Derivation
words
7. A word of more than 1 syllable is reduced to a shorter form Clipping phần của Quang
8. The taking over of words from other languages Borrowing
9. Parts of 2 words are combined to make a new term Blending
10. A change in the function of a word (change the kind of word) without Conversion
any reduction or addition
11. The direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing Loan translation calque
language