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دليل صيانة وإصلاح الأجهزة الكهربائية

Troubleshooting e equipment

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Petr gga
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
54 views15 pages

دليل صيانة وإصلاح الأجهزة الكهربائية

Troubleshooting e equipment

Uploaded by

Petr gga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪5 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻀﱠﺮ ﻟﻼﻧﻄﻼﻕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺔ!‪15 -----------------‬‬


‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ؟ ‪16 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ ًﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ؟ ‪17 -----------------------------------------‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺷﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ‪19 ---------------‬‬


‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ‪19 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪19 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ‪23 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪24 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻲ ‪24 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ‪26 -----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ‪29 ----------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ‪29 --------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ‪29 ----------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪30 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ‪31 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﺬﻭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪33 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ‪34 -------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ‪35 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ‪35 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﺔ ‪36 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻭﱠﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺾ ‪36 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ _____________________________________________________ 448‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﺔ ‪36 ---------------------------------‬‬


‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪37 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌُﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ‪37 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻏﻲ ‪37 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘَﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ‪38 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺑﺐ ‪38 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻗﻂ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﻞ ‪39 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺒﺮﺓ ‪39 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺒﺾ ﻓﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﺎﺡ ‪39 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﻴﺔ ‪40 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺫﺍﺫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪40 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ‪41 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ‪41 -------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺹ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪41 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻜﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪42 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻻﺻﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪42 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ‪42 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪43 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺒﺬ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ‪43 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪43 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ‪44 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ‪44 -----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺕ‪45 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪45 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ‪46 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻲ ‪47 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﱢﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ‪48 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻬﺮ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪49 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻏﻲ‪50 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ _____________________________________________________ ‪449‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺪﺱ ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ‪50 -----------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺼﺎ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ‪50 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻱ ‪50 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺫﺍﺫ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪51 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ‪51 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪51 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺰﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪53 ----------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻼﻡ ‪54 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ‪54 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ‪55 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻊ ‪55 --------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻒ ‪55 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺮ! ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ‪57 ------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪57 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ‪60 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﺒﱢﺒﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ ‪62 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪62 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ‪65 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﻠﺤﺘَﻪ! ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ؟ ‪67 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﺇﺫًﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﺎﻝ ‪69 ------‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪70 ------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ‪71 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻍ ‪72 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺬﺭ‪73 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪﺋﻮﻥ ‪74 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪74 ------------‬‬
‫‪ _____________________________________________________ 450‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ‪75 --------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺮﻏﺔ ‪76 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺗﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ‪76 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﻲ ‪78 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪78 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼﺕ ‪79 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ‪80 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪81 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪82 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ‪84 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ ‪87 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪88 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ‪ USB‬ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ‪90 --------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪِﻡ ﻋﻘﻠﻚ ‪92 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒِﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ‪93 -------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺘﺔ ‪95 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻞ ‪97 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﱢﻞ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ‪ DVD‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪِﺭ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﻴﺞ ‪98 -------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﺳﻤﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻛﺘﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ‪101 -------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪101 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪104 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪107 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ‪110 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ _____________________________________________________ ‪451‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ :‬ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺘﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪117 -------‬‬


‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ‪117 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪117 -----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪118 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ‪120 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ‪121 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪122 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪123 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺩﺍﺕ‪124 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪125 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ‪126 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪128 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻴﺔ ‪128 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪129 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺡ ‪129 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪130 -----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺾ؟ ‪130 ------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﱡﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪130 --------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﱡﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻴﺔ ‪132 -------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﱡﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺡ ‪144 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﱡﻢ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪147 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﱡﻢ ﺑﺘﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﱡﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ‪150 -----------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺠﺮﱢﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ! ‪154 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﱡﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ‪155 --------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪156 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ‪158 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ‪163 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻔﻴﺮﺓ ‪163 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ‪164 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ _____________________________________________________ 452‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪165 -------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ‪165 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ‪165 -----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ‪168 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪169 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ‪169 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ‪170 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﱢﺪ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪172 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﱠﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ‪172 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﻲ‪175 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺫﺍﺫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪176 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺭﺫﺍﺫ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪177 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﻢﱠ ﺗُﺼﻨَﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪179 --------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺎﺕ ‪179 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪180 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪182 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪182 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪184 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﺰﺍﺕ ‪185 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪186 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪186 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪186 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪187 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺘﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪187 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪188 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪188 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪188 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪188 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ _____________________________________________________ ‪453‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺩﺍﺕ ‪189 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪190 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪190 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪191 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪191 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻢ ‪191 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪193 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪193 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪193 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪194 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﱢﻻﺕ ‪194 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪195 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪195 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪196 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪196 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪197 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪199 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪200 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪200 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪200 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪201 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪201 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪202 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪202 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪202 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪202 -----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪204 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪206 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪206 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ _____________________________________________________ 454‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪206 --------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺓ ‪207 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪209 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪209 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪209 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪210 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻛﻢ ‪210 -------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪211 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪212 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪212 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪213 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻃﻊ ‪214 -------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪215 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪215 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪215 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪216 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ‪216 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪219 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪220 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪220 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪220 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ‪221 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪223 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪223 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪224 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪224 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﻨﺮ ‪224 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ‪225 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪225 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ _____________________________________________________ ‪455‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ‪226 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ ‪226 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻭﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ‪229 -----‬‬
‫ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪233 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀ ‪235 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻱ ‪237 ---------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ ‪237 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻝ ‪237 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻱ ‪238 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻀﺨﱢﻢ‪239 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻄﱡﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪243 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪246 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪247 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﱢﻢ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻂ "ﺩﻓﻊ‪-‬ﺳﺤﺐ" ‪249 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪251 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ‪253 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺠﺮﺏ ‪253 --------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ ‪253 -----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﱢﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ‪ CD‬ﻭ‪254 ------------------------------------------ DVD‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ‪256 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ! ‪256 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺘﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﱠﻪ ﻟﻲ ‪257 -----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ‪263 -------------‬‬
‫ﻓﻚ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ‪266 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ‪267 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺳﺤﺐ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ‪268 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ _____________________________________________________ 456‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ‪269 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻋﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ‪271 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒِﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭﻣﻀﺨﻤﺎﺗﻪ ‪271 ------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻭﻣﺸﻐﱢﻼﺕ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ‪ CD‬ﻭ‪271 ------------------------------- DVD‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ‪272 -------------------------------------------- LCD‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪273 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﱢﻼﺕ ‪ DVD‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ‪273 ---------------------------- LCD‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﱢﻼﺕ ‪275 ----------------------------------------------------- MP3‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ‪276 ------------------------------------------------------- PDA‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻮﻳﺔ ‪276 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪276 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪278 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪280 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪283 ------------‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ‪284 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ‪288 --------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪289 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺝ ‪292 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ‪293 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ ‪296 ----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﺎﻝ ‪297 -------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺖ ‪297 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻐﻴﺒﻮﺑﺔ ‪301 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺣﻲ ﻭﻭﺍ ٍﻉ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ‪302 -------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪304 -----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣِﻦ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ‪307 ------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ _____________________________________________________ ‪457‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ‪309 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﺭﺟﺎ ًﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺮ ‪310 -----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺸﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺋﺴﺔ ‪312 ----------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻭﻗﺔ ‪312 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪313 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻻ ‪315 ------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻌﺐ ﻭﺻﻮ ً‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪317 ---------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻘﻮﺏ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ‪317 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﱡﻊ ‪320 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪321 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪321 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗِﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ‪321 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺋﻞ ‪322 -----------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺎﺕ ‪322 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺩﺍﺕ ‪325 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪326 ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ‪327 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﻨﺮ ‪331 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪332 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻘﻮﺏ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ‪332 --------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﱡﻊ ‪334 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪335 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺫﻳﺔ ‪335 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪337 ----------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ ‪339 ----------‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ‪339 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ _____________________________________________________ 458‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ‪340 ---------------------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ‪343 -------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟! ‪344 --------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﻮﺍﺏ ‪345 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪346 -----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻏﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺷﺪﱢﻫﺎ ‪346 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ! ‪347 -------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﺪﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﺤﺪﱠﺩﺓ ‪349 ------‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻄﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪349 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪349 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪350 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪350 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪350 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪351 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﻀﺨﱢﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒِﻼﺗﻪ ‪353 --------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪353 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪355 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪356 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪356 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪357 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ‪357 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺝ ‪357 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ‪359 ------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﱢﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﻭﻣﺴﺠﱢﻼﺗﻬﺎ ‪360 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪360 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪361 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪363 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪363 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ _____________________________________________________ ‪459‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪364 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪364 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ‪366 ----------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪367 ------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‪368 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ‪372 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪372 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪373 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪374 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪375 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪375 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ‪377 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪377 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪377 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪378 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪378 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪379 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪380 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪380 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪380 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪383 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪384 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪384 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻄﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ ‪384 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ‪385 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ‪387 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ‪390 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪391 ----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﻼﺕ ‪392 -------------------------------------------------------- MP3‬‬
‫‪ _____________________________________________________ 460‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪392 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪393 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪393 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪394 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪394 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻭﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪395 -------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪395 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪398 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪399 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪399 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪400 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ ‪400 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪404 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ‪404 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻘﺔ ‪406 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪411 ------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﱡﻢ ‪412 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ‪413 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ‪414 --------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪415 ---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪415 -------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪416 ----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ؟ ‪418 ---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪419 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ‪419 -----------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪421 -------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪422 ----------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ ‪422 --------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ‪424 -----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ _____________________________________________________ ‪461‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻻﺏ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ‪424 ---------------------------------------------‬‬


‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪425 --------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﻟﻄﺨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪425 -----------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ‪426 ---------------------------------------------------------‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ‪427 ----------------------------------‬‬


‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ‪447 -------------------------------------‬‬

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