VISHWESWARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-560018

Karnataka state, India

A MAIN PROJECT PHASE 1

REPORT ON

“SCARECROW WITH SOLAR POWERED AND SOUND

SENSING MECHANISM”
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of engineering
In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by:
POORVIKA N (1RG20EC005)
PRATHAP ARJUN MALASURE (1RG20EC006)
PRUTHVIRAJ HEBBAR (1RG20EC007)
Under the guidance of:
Mrs. SUMA M.O
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, ECE Department, RGIT

RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Bengaluru-560032
2023-2024
 RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
affiliated to Vishweshwaraya technological University ,Belagavi
Cholanagar ,Hebbal , Bengaluru-560032

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mainProject phase 1 Report titled “SCARECROW WITH
SOLAR POWERED AND SOUND SENSING MECHANISM”is a Bonafide
work carried out by POORVIKA N (1RG20EC005), PRATHAP ARJUN MALASURE
(1RG20EC006) and PRUTHVIRAJ HEBBAR (1RG20EC007) in partial fulfilment for the
award of Bachelor Of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering under
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2023-2024 It is certified
that all corrections/suggestions given for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
Main project report. This Main project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of mini project work (18ECP78) prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Mrs. SUMA M.O DrMadhu H Gowda

EXTERNAL EVALUATION
Name of the Examiners Signature with Date
1. 1.

2. 2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to take this opportunity to thank a lot of eminent personalities, without whose
constant support and encouragement, this Endeavour of ours would not have become a
reality.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr Juno Sadasivan sir, our beloved
chairman.
Sri. Sunil S, Director & Legal Advisor and, Sri. SBajore, Director/Secretary, [Link],
Director.

We would like to thank VTU, Belagavi for having the main project phase 1as a part of its
curriculum, which gives us a wonderful opportunity to review on current research topic and
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology for providing me with the facilities, without which this
main project phase 1 could not have been successful.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr Madhu H Gowda Principal of RGIT and
Mrs. SUMA M.O HOD, ECE department for providing us the opportunity.

At the outset we would like to make a special mention to the Mrs..[Link]

professor, main project phase 1coordinator Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Rajiv Gandhi
Institute of Technology for guiding us technically to be more competent and to provide their
continuous support, advice and guidance
We would also like to thank our project co-ordinator Mrs. Suma M.O,assistant professor,ECE
DEPT for the guidance and support
We would also like to thank all the staff of our Electronics and communication. Finally, we
would like to thank all Friends and Family for their constant support, and encouragement.

POORVIKA N (1RG20EC005)
PRATHAP ARJUN MALASURE (1RG20EC006)
PRUTHVIRAJ HEBBAR (1RG20EC007)
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project entitled “SCARECROW WITH SOLAR POWERED
AND SOUND SENSING MECHANISM” , which is being submitted as Main Projectphase 1
of 7th semester in Electronics and Communication Engineering to Rajiv Gandhi Institute of
Technology, Bengaluru is an authentic record of our genuine work done under the guidance
of Mrs. SUMA [Link] professor,Main Project Guide Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of technology.

POORVIKA N (1RG20EC005)

PRATHAP ARJUN MALASURE (1RG20EC006)

PRUTHVIRAJ HEBBAR (1RG20EC007)

 ABSTRACT

This project aims to design and develop a Smart Solar Scarecrow that utilizes renewable
energy to deter birds and other pests from damaging crops in agricultural fields. The Smart
Solar Scarecrow is equipped with various sensors and devices such as motion sensors,
cameras, and speakers that detect and scare off birds and animals that approach the crops. The
scarecrow is powered by solar panels that charge a battery, which in turn powers the various
sensors and devices. The system is designed to operate autonomously, with the scarecrow
activating only when needed, conserving energy and maximizing efficiency. The Smart Solar
Scarecrow is an innovative solution that addresses the growing need for sustainable and eco-
friendly methods to protect crops. It provides farmers with an effective and low-cost way to
prevent crop damage and increase yield while reducing their environmental [Link]
flapping mechanism's function is to transform the motor's rotating motion into the
reciprocating action of flapping wings. There are numerous ways to accomplish this; we will
simply list a few of the most typical ones below. The mechanism must be compact and pretty
straightforward. To ensure that the ornithopter flies straight, it must also have a somewhat
symmetrical wing action. A "four-bar linkage" is the foundation of the majority of
mechanisms. The motor turns a crank shaft that rotates. The connecting rods push the wings
up and down as the crank rotates. The project also highlights the potential of renewable
energy to power innovative solutions for the agricultural industry.
SL NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 8-9
2. CHAPTER 2: PROBLEMS AND OBJECTIVES 10
3. CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE SURVEY 11
4. CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY
4.1 EXISTING SYSTEM 12-15
4.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.4 EXPLANATION/WORKING PRINCIPLE
5. CHAPTER 5: COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION 16-23
5.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS
5.2 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
5.2.1 ARDUINO UNO
5.2.2 DC MOTOR
5.2.3 SOLAR PANELS
5.2.4 SPUR GEARS
5.2.5 REGULATORY CIRCUITRY
5.2.6 PCB BOARD
5.2.7 RESISTORS
5.2.8 CAPACITORS
5.2.9 TRANSISTORS
5.2.10 MIC MODULE
6. CHAPTER 6: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL 24
7. CHAPTER 7: ADVANTAGES 25
8. CHAPTER 8: APPLICATIONS 26
9. CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION 27

10. CHAPTER 10: RESULT 28-29

10.1 EXPECTED RESULT
10.2 EXPECTED OUTCOME OF THE MODEL
11. REFERENCES 30
12. PPT SLIDES , APPENDIX 31-
LIST OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES

SL NO. FIGURES NAME PAGE NO.

4.3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SCARECROW 13

[Link] ARDUINO UNO 17
[Link] DC MOTOR 18
[Link] SOLAR PANELS 18
[Link] SPUR GEARS 19
[Link] REGULATORY CIRCUITRY 20
[Link] PCB BOARD 20
[Link] RESISTORS 21
[Link] CAPACITORS 22
[Link] TRANSISTORS 22
[Link] MIC MODULE 23
6.1 FUNCTIONING MODEL 24
10.1.1 FRONT VIEW 28
10.1.2 3D VIEW 28
10.2.1 EXPECTED OUTCOME OF THE MODEL 29

LIST OF ACRONYMS

SL NO. ACRONYMS
1 DC-DIRECT CURRENT
2 LDR’s-LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
3 LED-LIGHT EMMITING DIODE
4 IDE-INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
5 USB-UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS
6 PCB-PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

According to a survey, which labels it as an emerging concern in agriculture, birds, known to

play a key role in fertilization, putting a mind to unpleasant bugs and rodents, could also be
producing extraordinary lowering in agricultural yields by obliterating them.

According to the interim report of the Committee on Doubling Farmer's Income (DFI), bird
species injure crops during the planting, seedling, and maturation stages, resulting in
economic losses to the farming community. The system provides the following advantages:

 Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence

 Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals

 Scaring Sound using speaker

 Solar powered system

The system is created utilizing a DC motor, a battery, solar panels, gears, linkage joints, a
microphone for sound detection, a pole, and a model frame. In a field, the scarecrow is
supported by its metal pole. It may be installed anywhere outside since it doesn't need an
external power source. Throughout the day, the solar panels of the system recharge the
battery.

The microphone in the system continuously checks the ambient sound level. The controller
monitors this signal and initiates an action when it detects a spike in the ambient sound level.
Power is delivered to the DC motor, which rotates with the complete arm mechanism.

The linked arm mechanism is started in motion by the gear that is coupled to the motor shaft's
rotation. The mechanism enables the arms to move vertically in a manner resembling that of a
human to simulate a human presence. Additionally, the controller activates a speaker module
to produce noise, scaring away nearby birds and animals.

The sensors can be adjusted to different sensitivity levels, depending on the type of animal
being targeted. The loudspeakers and flashing lights are used to scare away birds and
animals. When the motion sensors detect movement, the speakers emit a loud, high-pitched
sound that can frighten birds and animals. The flashing lights can also be effective in
deterring birds, particularly at night.
The scarecrow's functionality can be adjusted depending on the type of animal being targeted.
For example, some models can be set to emit a specific sound frequency that is more
effective in deterring a particular bird species. The sensitivity of the motion sensors can also
be adjusted to detect the movement of smaller or larger animals. The smart solar scarecrow is
usually programmed to operate during the day and switch off at night.

In our project we are getting to modify this smart scarecrow that when the birds are available
the sector, it'll sense the approaching of birds with the assistance of PIR sensor and move its
hand up and down with the assistance of flapping mechanism and it'll start ringing with the
assistance of buzzer.
CHAPTER 2

PROBLEMS AND OBJECTIVES

2.1: PROBLEMS

The agricultural farming is done by using human eye’s where farm are protected by (dummy
persons) which is made of grass pot as a inspectors

However, the accuracy of human infection is unstable due to fatigue, and its more
challenging for human eyes to detect brides attack on the crops.

The major challenges of smart agriculture includes continuous monitoring, energy harvesting,
automatic irrigation, and disease prediction. An important issue that arises in farming is the
loss of crops to various diseases and attack of birds and other animals.

2.2: OBJECTIVES

This project aims to design and develop a Smart Solar Scarecrow that utilizes renewable
energy to deter birds and other pests from damaging crops in agricultural fields.

The Smart Solar Scarecrow is equipped with various sensors and devices such as motion
sensors, cameras, and speakers that detect and scare off birds and animals that approach the
crops.

The scarecrow is powered by solar panels that charge a battery, which in turn powers the
various sensors and devices.

The Smart Solar Scarecrow is an innovative solution that addresses the growing need for
sustainable and eco-friendly methods to protect crops.

The project also highlights the potential of renewable energy to power innovative solutions
for the agricultural industry.
CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY

 [Doncieux et al., 2006] Doncieux, S et al. (2006), Building an Artificial Bird: Goals
andAccomplishments of the ROBUR Project, European Micro Aerial Vehicles
(EMAV).
 [Vest and Katz, 1999] Vest, M.S. and Katz J. (1999), Aerodynamic Study of a
Flapping-WingMicro-UAV, 37th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.
 [Raney and Slominski, 2004] Raney, D.L. and Slominski, E.C. (2004), Mechanization
and Control Concepts for Biologically Inspired Micro Air Vehicles, Journal of
Aircraft, Vol 41:6, pp1257–1265
 [Hunt et al., 2005] Hunt, R. and Hornby, G.S. and Lohn, J.D. (2004), Toward evolved
flight,Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation,
pp 957–964.
 [de Margerie et al., 2007] de Margerie, E., Mouret, J.-B., Doncieux, S., and Meyer, J.-
A. (2007). Artificial evolution of the morphology and kinematics in a flapping-wing
mini [Link]. Biomim., Vol 2, 65-82.
 [Pornsin-Sirirak et al., 2001] Pornsin-Sirirak, T.N. and Tai, Y.C. and Ho, C.M. and
Keennon, M. (2001), Microbat: A Palm-Sized Electrically Powered Ornithopter,
Proceedings ofNASA/JPLWorkshop on Biomorphic Robotics.
CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

4.1: EXISTING SYSTEM

The agricultural farming is done by using human eye’s where farm are protected by (dummy
persons) which is made of grass pot as a inspectors

However, the accuracy of human infection is unstable due to fatigue, and its more
challenging for human eyes to detect brides attack on the crops.

The major challenges of smart agriculture includes continuous monitoring, energy harvesting,
automatic irrigation, and disease prediction.

An important issue that arises in farming is the loss of crops to various diseases and attack of
birds and other animals.

4.2: PROPOSED SYSTEM

The system is designed to operate autonomously, with the scarecrow activating only when
needed, conserving energy and maximizing efficiency.

The Smart Solar Scarecrow is an innovative solution that addresses the growing need for
sustainable and eco-friendly methods to protect crops.

It provides farmers with an effective and low-cost way to prevent crop damage and increase
yield while reducing their environmental footprint.

The project also highlights the potential of renewable energy to power innovative solutions
for the agricultural industry.
4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4.3.1 Block diagram of the solar powered scarecrow system

 The system is created utilizing a DC motor, a battery, solar panels, gears, linkage
joints, a microphone for sound detection, a pole, and a model frame. In a field, the
scarecrow is supported by its metal pole.
 It may be installed anywhere outside since it doesn't need an external power source.
Throughout the day, the solar panels of the system recharge the battery. The
microphone in the system continuously checks the ambient sound level.
 The controller monitors this signal and initiates an action when it detects a spike in
the ambient sound level. Power is delivered to the DC motor, which rotates with the
complete arm mechanism.
 The linked arm mechanism is started in motion by the gear that is coupled to the
motor shaft's rotation. The mechanism enables the arms to move vertically in a
manner resembling that of a human to simulate a human presence.
 Additionally, the controller activates a speaker module to produce noise, scaring
away nearby birds and animals. As a result, the technology offers a cutting-edge solar-
powered scarecrow to defend fields against birds and other animals.
4.4 EXPLANATION/WORKING PRINCIPLE

The methodology for a smart solar scarecrow typically involves several steps:

 Identify the specific crop or area that needs protection and the type of animals that are
causing damage.
 Determine the appropriate size and design of the scarecrow based on the area to be
protected.
 Select the appropriate sensors, such as motion detectors or infrared sensors, to detect
the presence of animals and trigger the scarecrow's movement and sound
mechanisms.
 Determine the power requirements and select appropriate solar panels and batteries to
power the scarecrow.
 Develop the software and programming to control the scarecrow's movements and
sounds, and to schedule its operation during specific times of day or night.
 Test the scarecrow in a controlled environment to ensure its effectiveness in deterring
animals. Install the scarecrow in the designated area, and monitor its performance
regularly to make any necessary adjustments or repairs.

The scarecrow is mounted using its metal pole in a field. It can be mounted anywhere in the
open as it does not require any external power supply. The solar panels constantly charge the
battery of the system during day time.

The mic in the system constantly monitors sound level in environment. As soon as a spike in
sound levels is detected in the environment this signal is monitored by the controller and it
triggers an action. The DC motor is powered which rotates and so does the entire arm
mechanism.

The rotation of motor shaft rotates the gear connected to it which sets in motion the Linked
arm mechanism. The mechanism allows for moving the arms in a human like motion
vertically to imitate a human presence. Also the controller operates a speaker module to make
some noise so hat birds and animals in near the field too are scared.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

According to the sunlight, a solar panel is positioned on a piece of land used for farming. The
control unit, which changes the incoming AC power to DC power and steps it down using a
transformer, is used to store the solar panel's energy in the battery. The sound creator, which
is a component of the system, is then provided the supply voltage. It will generate a terrible
noise that will frighten the bird. The solar bird fear will keep the birds from destroying the
crops on the field. When an object enters the sensor's detection range, the sensor detects the
object and sends an electrical signal to the DC motor and sound hooter to activate the
mechanism. Once the mechanism is activated, the system as a whole start.
CHAPTER 5

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS

5.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

 Arduino Uno

 DC Motor

 Solar Panel

 Linkage and Arms

 Speaker Module

 Regulator Circuitry

 Switches

 LDR’s
PCB Board

 Resistor

 Capacitor

 Supporting Frame

 Mic module

SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

 Arduino IDE software

 Embedded C Language
5.2 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
5.2.1: ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino UNO is the best board to get started with electronics and coding. If this is your
first experience tinkering with the platform, the UNO is the most robust board you can start
playing with. The UNO is the most used and documented board of the whole Arduino family.
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a ACtoDC adapter or battery to get started. You can tinker
with your UNO without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case
scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.

Fig [Link]: Arduino UNO

5.2.2 DC MOTOR
A DC motor or direct current motor is an electrical machine that transforms electrical energy
into mechanical energy by creating a magnetic field that is powered by direct current. When a
DC motor is powered, a magnetic field is created in its stator. The field attracts and repels
magnets on the rotor; this causes the rotor to rotate. To keep the rotor continually rotating, the
commutator that is attached to brushes connected to the power source supply current to the
motors wire windings.
One of the reasons DC motors are preferred over other types of motors is their ability to
precision control their speed, which is a necessity for industrial machinery. DC motors are
able to immediately start, stop, and reverse an essential factor for controlling the operation of
production equipment.

Fig [Link]: DC motor

5.2.3 SOLAR PANELS

A Solar panels (also known as "PV panels") is a device that converts light from the sun,
which is composed of particles of energy called "photons", into electricity that can be used to
power electrical loads. Solar panels can be used for a wide variety of applications including
remote power systems for cabins, telecommunications equipment, remote sensing, and of
course for the production of electricity by residential and commercial solar electric systems.

Fig [Link] Solar panels

5.2.4 SPUR GEARS

Spur gears are one of the most popular types of precision cylindrical gears. These gears
feature a simple design of straight, parallel teeth positioned around the circumference of a
cylinder body with a central bore that fits over a shaft. In many variants, the gear is machined
with a hub which thickens the gear body around the bore without changing the gear face. The
central bore can also be broached as to allow the spur gear to fit onto a spline or keyed shaft.
Spur gears are used in mechanical applications to increase or decrease the speed of a device
or multiply torque by transmitting motion and power from one shaft to another through a
series of mated gears.

Fig [Link] Spur Gears

5.2.5 REGULATORY CIRCUITRY

A switching regulator circuit is generally more complicated to design than a linear regulator,
and requires selecting external component values, tuning control loops for stability, and
careful layout design. Advantages of switching regulators include that they are highly
efficient, have better thermal performance, and can support higher current and wider VIN /
VOUT applications.
 Fig [Link] Regulatory circuitry

They can achieve greater than 95% efficiency depending on the application requirements.
Unlike linear regulators, a switching power supply system may require additional external
components, such as inductors, capacitors, FETs, or feedback resistors. The HF920 is an
example of a switching regulator that offers high reliability and efficient power regulation.

5.2.6 PCB BOARD

A standard PCB in its most basic form is a plastic board covered in fiberglass. Components
are mounted on a nonconductive board and connected with small pathways, called traces.
Printed circuit boards are used in nearly all electronic products. Alternatives to PCBs include
wire wrap and point- topoint construction, both once popular but now rarely used. PCBs
require additional design effort to lay out the circuit, but manufacturing and assembly can be
automated. Electronic design automation software is available to do much of the work of
layout.

Fig [Link] PCB Board

5.2.7 RESISTORS

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance

as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust
signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as
heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for
generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time
or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a
volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or
chemical activity.

Fig [Link] Resistor

5.2.8 CAPACITORS

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field by virtue of

accumulating electric charges on two close surfaces insulated from each other. It is a passive
electronic component with two terminals. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.
While some capacitance exists between any two electrical conductors in proximity in a
circuit, a capacitor is a component designed to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was
originally known as the condenser, a term still encountered in a few compound names, such
as the condenser microphone.
 Fig [Link] Capacitor

Capacitor are used to store energy in the form of an electrical charge. It consists of two
electrical conductors that are separated by a distance.

5.2.9 TRANSISTORS

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power.
The transistor is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of
semiconductor material, usually with at least three terminals for connection to an electronic
circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the
current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be
higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Some transistors
are packaged individually, but many more in miniature form are found embedded in
integrated circuits.

Fig [Link] Transistor

5.2.10 MIC MODULE

The Microphone module can be used for sound/audio detection, it comes with the basic
components for you to get started. Supplying power and it is good to be use. Do take note that
this sensor module can only detect the present of sound/audio, but not to differentiate the
sound's level. You can use it to detect sound and further determine whether human or animal
is preset in a room, maybe for light activate with clap. The is only digital output. Threshold
can be adjusted with on board potentiometer for the digital output. Simple usage as it is
digital output, so you will know whether there is sound or not. Comes with a M3 mounting
hole for ease of attaching it to any object. On board it has microphone, high sensitivity and
commonly being used for sound detection. The module comes with power LED and status
LED as indicator. It can be interface with any microcontroller with digital input such as PIC,
SK40C, SK28A, SKds40A, Arduino series for sound detection. Also, not to forget, interface
with Relay module offer sound switch.

Fig [Link] Mic module

CHAPTER 6

IMPLEMENTATION

FUNCTIONING MODEL

Fig 6.1 : functioning model of the scarecrow with solar powered and sound sensing
mechanism

 Identify the specific crop or area that needs protection and the type of animals that are
causing damage.

 Determine the appropriate size and design of the scarecrow based on the area to be
protected.

 Select the appropriate sensors, such as motion detectors or infrared sensors, to detect
the presence of animals and trigger the scarecrow's movement and sound
mechanisms.

 Determine the power requirements and select appropriate solar panels and batteries to
power the scarecrow.
  Develop the software and programming to control the scarecrow's movements and
sounds, and to schedule its operation during specific times of day or night.

CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES

 Eco-friendly pest deterrent, cost-effective, reduces crop damage, and promotes

sustainable agriculture.

 Renewable energy source, reduces electricity bills, lowers carbon footprint, and
increases energy independence.

 Enhanced security, early intrusion detection, automation efficiency, noise pollution

reduction, and improved safety.

 Sound Detector to detect birds or Animal presence .

 Human like hand motion to scare birds and animals .
 Scaring Sound using speaker.
 Solar powered system.
 No external power required.
 High yield can be achieved.
CHAPTER8

APPLICATIONS

 Scarecrows have been used in farming and elsewhere on houses and other buildings to
deter birds from pecking at crops and causing roof damage.
 A solar-powered scarecrow with sound sensing to protect crops from birds and pests.
 A solar panel system for efficient, renewable energy generation in residential and
commercial settings.
 A sound-sensing device for home security that detects intruders and alerts homeowners.
 An intelligent scarecrow with solar and sound sensors to safeguard gardens from
wildlife.
 A portable solar panel kit with a sound sensing mechanism for off-grid power generation
and security.
CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the smart solar scarecrow represents a significant step forward in eco-friendly
and effective crop protection. By utilizing advanced sensors, technology, and solar power, it
provides a humane and sustainable alternative to traditional scarecrows. Its precise and
efficient movement and sound mechanisms have proven effective in deterring animals and
reducing crop damage. Although further research and development are needed, the smart
solar scarecrow has shown great potential in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving
yields. As a result, it is likely to become an increasingly popular tool for farmers seeking to
protect their crops in an environmentally responsible and effective manner.
CHAPTER 10

RESULT

10.1 : EXPECTED RESULT

Fig 10.1.1: front view

Fig 10.1.1 : 3D view

The results of using a smart solar scarecrow for crop protection have been positive. The use
of advanced sensors and technology has led to a significant reduction in crop damage caused
by animals. The scarecrow's eco-friendly solar power source and humane deterrent
mechanisms have also been well-received by farmers and the community. However, further
research and development are needed to optimize the scarecrow's performance in different
environmental conditions and to address any technical issues that may arise. Overall, the
smart solar scarecrow has proven to be a promising solution for sustainable and effective crop
protection. As a result, the technology offers a cutting-edge solar-powered scarecrow to
defend fields against birds and other animals.

10.2: EXPECTED OUTCOME OF THE MODEL

Fig: 10.2.1: Expected outcome of the model

 REFERENCES
 Miller, David & Milstein, Jacob & Stein, Cathryne. (2007). Scarecrow: If I only had
AI. Auton. Robots.
 Chomtip&Homnan, Malinee&Pramuksan, Navarat&Rakyindee, Walika. (2011).
Smart Scarecrow. Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, International
Conference on. 3. 294-297. 10.1109/ICMTMA.2011.644.
 Barakat, Osamah & Hashim, S &Ramli, Abdul &Hashim, Fazirulhisyam&Samsudin,
Khairulmizam& Al-Baltah, Ibrahim & Al-Habshi, Mohammed. (2013).
SCARECROW: Scalable Malware Reporting, Detection and Analysis. Journal of
Convergence Information Technology
 Nollkaemper, Andre. (2015). Saving the Scarecrow. European Journal of International
Law.
 Król, Karol & Kao, &Hernik, Józef. (2019). The Scarecrow as an Indicator of
Changes in the Cultural Heritage of Rural Poland. Sustainability.
PPT SLIDES
APPENDIX

ARDUINO UNO:
SOLAR PANEL:
DC MOTOR
PCB BOARD:
1. Structure and Composition:
 A PCB is a flat board made of non-conductive material, usually
fiberglass or epoxy, with a thin layer of conductive material on its
surface. The conductive layer is typically copper and is etched into a
specific pattern to create electrical connections.

2. Conductivity and Traces:

 Copper traces on a PCB serve as the conductive pathways that connect
various electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and
integrated circuits. These traces form a complex network, ensuring
that electrical signals can flow between the different parts of a circuit.

3. Component Mounting:
 PCBs provide a platform for mounting and securing electronic
components. Components are soldered onto the PCB, and their
placement is determined by the circuit design. This method of
assembly is more reliable and efficient than point-to-point wiring,
common in older circuit designs.

4. Layers:
 PCBs can have multiple layers, allowing for intricate circuit designs in
a compact space. Multi-layer PCBs consist of several layers of
conductive material separated by insulating layers. This enables
designers to create complex circuits with reduced size and improved
performance.

5. Solder Mask and Silkscreen:

 A solder mask is applied to the surface of the PCB to insulate the
copper traces and prevent unintended electrical connections. It is
usually green, but other colors are also used. A silkscreen layer
provides labeling and information about component placement,
making it easier to assemble and troubleshoot the circuit.

6. Applications and Versatility:

 PCBs are integral to the functioning of a wide range of electronic
devices, from simple consumer electronics like smartphones and
computers to complex industrial machinery and medical equipment.
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