Chapte 11

Trigonometric equations

Exercise 11.1

1. Find the general solutions of the following equations:

O T IS
= N A D
CO N
(i)
√
O UC AA
=
T IO
PY
(ii)

(iii) = −√2
ED PR

(iv) = √2

(v) =
√
©

(vi) √3 =2
Solution ;
The general solution of any trigonometric equations is given as :
= , implies = + −1 , where ∈ .
= , implies =2 ± , where ∈ .
D

= , implies =2 ± , where ∈ .
= , implies = + , where ∈ .
(i) =
"
we know 30° = =
#

So,
"
=
#

∴ The general solution is

"

O T IS
= + −1 , where ∈ .
#

N A D = %⇒ = + −1 %]

CO N
[since,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
√
=
ED PR

(ii)
√ +"
we know, cos 150° = ) *=
#
©

So,
+"
Cos =
#

∴ The general solution is

+"
=2 ± , where ∈ .
#
D

(iii) = −√2
Let us similarly,

= −√2 [ since, cosec = ]

,- . ,- .
 = −
√
"
= / + 01
+" "
= sin 5 ) *
0 0

∴ The general solution is

6 "
= + −1 , ∈ .

O T IS
where
0

N A D
CO N
= √2
O UC AA
T IO
(iv)

PY
Let us simplify,

= √2 / , = 1
ED PR

78,. 78,.

=
√
"
©

=
0

∴ the geneal solution is

"
=2 ± , where n ∈ .
0

= −
D

(v)
√

Let us simplify,
1
= −
√3
 "
= )#*
"
= ) * [since, tan(-x) = -tanx]
#

∴ the general solution is

"
= +) * , where ∈ .
#
"
Or = − , where ∈ .
#

O T IS
N A D
CO N
(vi) √3 =2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us simplify,

=
√
ED PR

=
78,. √

√
=
©

"
= ) *
#

∴ the general solution is

"
=2 ± , where ∈ .
#
D

2. Find the general solutions of the following equations:

√
(i) 2 =

(ii) cos 3 =
(iii) 9 =
(iv) 2 = 3
(v) + 2 =0
(vi) 3 =
(vii) 2 =1
(viii) < + =0

O T IS
(ix) tan ? = cot @
2 + N A D =0

CO N
(x)
=
O UC AA
T IO
(xi)

PY
(xii) 3 + 2 =0
Solution:
ED PR

The general solution of any trigonometric equation is given as:

= , <?A = + −1 , where ∈ .
©

= , <?A =2 ± , where ∈ .
= , <?A = + , where ∈ .

√
(i) 2 =
D

Let us simplify,
√
2 =
"
= ) *

∴ the general solution is

 "
2 = + −1 , where ∈ .
" "
= + −1 , where ∈ .
#

(ii) 3 =

Let us simplify,

O T IS
3 =
"
N A D
CO N
= ) *
O UC AA
T IO
∴ The general solution is

PY
"
3 =2 ± , where ∈ .
ED PR

" "
= ± , where ∈ .
B
©

(iii) 9 =
Let us simplify,
9 − =0
Using transformation formula,
D6E D E
%− C=2
D

So,
B.6. B. .
=2

⇒ 5 4 =0
 5 = 0 or 4 =0
Let us verify both the expressions,
5 =0
"
5 =
6 "
5 =
6 "
= ∈ .

O T IS
, where
G
4 = 0
N A D
CO N
4 = 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4 =
"
= , where ∈ .
0
ED PR

∴ the general solution is

6 " "
= or , where ∈ .
G 0
©

(iv) 2 = 3
Let us simplify,
2 = 3
" "
) −2 *= 3 [Since, sinA = cos) − %*]
D

"
−2 =2 ±3
" "
−2 =2 + 3 [ 5] −2 =2 −3
 " "
5 = +2 [or] =2 −
" "
5 = 1+4 [or] = 4 −1
" "
= 1+4 [or] = 4 −1
G
∴ The general solution is
" "
= 4 + 1 [ 5] = 4 − 1 , where ∈ I.
G

O T IS
N A D
CO N
(v) + 2 =0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us simplify,
= − 2
" "
= − ) − 2 * [since, %= ) − %*]
ED PR

"
= )2 − * [ ,− %= − %]
"
©

= +2 −
"
= +2 −
"
= −
∴ the general solution is
"
= − , where ∈ .
D

(vi) 3 =
Let us simplify,
3 =
 " "
3 = ) − * [Since, cotA = tan ) − %*]
"
3 = + −
"
4 = +
" "
= +
0 J
∴ the general solution is
" "

O T IS
= + , where ∈ .
0 J

N A D
CO N
(vii) 2 =1
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us simplify,
2 tan =1
ED PR

2 =
KL .
=
" "
©

2 = ) − * / , %= ) − %*1
"
2 = + –
"
3 = +
" "
= +
#
∴ the general solution is
D

" "
= + , where ∈ .
#
(viii) < + =0
Let us simplify,
< + =0
< =−
" "
=− ) − * [since, cotA = tan ) − %*]
"
< = ) + * [Since, -tanA = tan-A]

O T IS
"
< =N + +
N A D
CO N
"
<− =N +
O UC AA
T IO
PY
" O6
<− =
" O6
=
ED PR

∴ The general solution is

" O6
=
©

∴ The general solution is

" O6
= , where <, N ∈ .
P

(ix) ? = @
D

Let us simplify,
? = @
" "
? = ) − @ * [Since, cotA = ) − %*]
"
? = ±) −@ *
 "
?+@ = +
" "
= +
Q6R Q6R
" 6
=
Q6R

∴ the general solution is

" 6
= , where ∈ .
Q6R

O T IS
N A D
CO N
(x) 2 + =0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us simplify,
2 + =0
= − 2
ED PR

" "
= − ) − 2 * [Since, sinA = cos ) − %*]
©

"
= S − ) − 2 *T [since, -cosA = cos −% ]
"
= ) +2 *
"
=2 ±) +2 *

So,
D

" "
=2 + ) + 2 * [Or] =2 −) +2 *
" "
=− −2 [Or] 3 = 2 −
" "
=− 1+4 [or] = 4 −1
#
∴ the general solution is
" "
=− 1+4 , where ∈ . [or] = 4 −1
#
" "
= 4 − 1 , where ∈ . [or] = 4 − 1 , where ∈ .
#

(xi) =

O T IS
Let us simplify,
" "
= − 1+4 [ 5] = 4 −1
#
N A D
CO N
∴ the general solution is
O UC AA
T IO
PY
" "
=− 1+4 , where ∈ . [or] = 4 −1
#
" "
= 4 − 1 , Uℎ 5 ∈ . [or] = 4 − 1 , where n ∈ .
#
ED PR

(xi) =
©

Let us simplify,
=
,- .
=
78,.

=
,- .
=
D

78,.
,- .
=
78,.

=
−1 =0
So,
= 0 or −1=0
= 0 [or] =1
= 0 [or] = 0
= [or] = 2<
∴ the general solution is
= [or] 2< , where , < ∈ .

O T IS
N A D
CO N
(xii) 3 + 2 =0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us simplify,
3 + 2 =0
2 =− 3
ED PR

" "
2 = − ) − 3 * [since, sinA = cos ) − %*]
"
2 = S − ) − 3 *T [Since, -cosA = cos −% ]
©

"
2 = ) +3 *
"
2 =2 ±) +3 *
So,
" "
2 =2 + ) + 3 * [or] 2 = 2 −) +3 *
D

" "
= 4 + 1 [or] 4 −1
G
∴ the general solution is
" "
= 4 +1 [or] 4 −1
G
" "
= 4 − 1 [ 5] 4 − 1 , where ∈ .
G
3. Solve the following equations :
(i) − =
0
(ii) 2 −5 +2=0
(iii) 2W + √3 + 1 =0
(iv) 4W −8 +1=0

O T IS
(v) + 1 − √3 ) tanx - √3 = 0
(vi) 3 − 2√3
N A D −3 =0

CO N
4 = 2
O UC AA
(vii)

T IO
PY
Solution:
The general solution of any trignometric equation is given as:
ED PR

= , <?A = + −1 , Uℎ 5 ∈ .
= cos , <?A =2 ± , Uℎ 5 ∈ .
= , implies = + , Uℎ 5 ∈ .
©

(i) − =
0
Let us simplify,
− =
0
D

1− - = [ , =1− ]
0

4−4 −4 =1
4 +4 −3=0
Let Y ′N′
So,
4N − 4N − 3 = 0
2N 2N − 1 + 3 2N − 1 = 0
2N − 1 + 2N + 3 = 0
2N − 1 = 0 5 2N + 3 = 0
2N − 1 = 0 Or 2N + 3 = 0

O T IS
2N − 1 = 0 or 2N + 3 = 0
N A D
CO N
N= or N =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= or =

we shall consider only = = is not possible.

ED PR

So,
"
= 60° =
©

"
=2 ±
∴ The general solution is
"
=2 ± , where ∈ .

(ii) 2 −5 +2=0
D

Let us simplify,
2 −5 +2=0
Let cos Y ′N′
2N − 5N + 2 = 0
2N − 4N − N + 2 = 0
2N N − 2 − 1 N − 2 = 0
N − 2 2N − 1 = 0
N = 2 or N =

=2 5 =

we shall consider only = , = 2 is not possible.

O T IS
So,
N A D
CO N
"
= 60° =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
"
=2 ±
∴ The general solution is
ED PR

"
=2 ± , where ∈ .
©

(iii) 2 + √3 + 1 =0
Let us simplify,
2 + √3 +1=0
2 1− + √3 +1=0
[ Since, =1−\ ]
D

2 − 2\ + √3 +1=0
2\ − √3 −3=0
Let Y ′N′
2N − √3 N − 3 = 0
2N − 2√3 N + √3k – 3 = 0
2N]N − √3^ + √3 ]N − √3^ = 0
]2N + √3^ ]N − √3^ = 0
√
N = √3 or N = −
√
= √3 or =−
√
We shall consider only = − . = √3 is not possible.

O T IS
So,
N A D
CO N
√
=−
O UC AA
T IO
PY
+"
= 150° =
#
+"
=2 ± , where ∈ .
#
ED PR

(iv) 4 −8 +1=0
©

Let us simplify,
4 −8 +1=0
4 1− −8 +1=0
[ Since, =1− ]
4−4 −8 +1=0
4 +8 −5=0
D

Let Y ′N′
4N + 8N − 5 = 0
4N − 2N + 10N − 5 = 0
2N 2N − 1 + 5 2N − 1 = 0
 2N + 5 2N − 1 = 0
−5 1
N= = −2.5 5 N =
2 2
Cosx = -2.5 or cosx =

we shall consider only cosx = , = −2.5 ? YA .

So,

O T IS
"
= 60° =
"
=2 ± N A D
CO N
∴ The general solution is
O UC AA
T IO
PY
"
=2 ± , where ∈ .
ED PR

(v) + ]1 − √3^ − √3 = 0
Let us simplify,
©

+ ]1 − √3^ − √3 = 0
+ − √3 − √3 = 0
+ + 1 − √3 +1 =0
+1 ] − √3 ^ = 0
= −1 or = √3
D

As, ∈ −∞, ∞ so both values are valid and acceptable.

" "
= ) * or tan = ) *
0
" "
=< − or = +
0
∴ the general solution is
 " "
=< − or = +
0
∴ The general solution is
" "
=< − or + , Uℎ 5 <, ∈ .
0

(vi) 3 − 2√3 −3 =0
Let us simplify,

O T IS
3 − 2√3 −3 =0
3 − 3√3 N A D + √3 −3

CO N
=0
√3 − √3 +√3 ] − √3 ^=0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
√3 ] − √3 ^]√3 + ^=0
− √3 = 0 or + √3 =0
ED PR

= √3 or = −√3 cos
= or = −√3
©

√
As, ∈ −∞, ∞ so both values are valid and acceptable.
" "
= ) * 5 = ) *
#
" "
=< + or = −
#
∴ the general solution is
D

" "
= < + or − , Uℎ 5 <, ∈ .
#
(vii) 4 = 2
Let us simplify,
4 = 2
4 =2 ±2
So,
4 =2 + 2 [ 5 ]4 = 2 −2
2 =2 [or] 6 = 2

O T IS
"
= [ 5] =
N A D
CO N
∴ the general solution is
O UC AA
T IO
PY
"
= [ 5] , where ∈ .
ED PR

4. Solve the following equations:

(i) + 2 + 3 =0
+ 3 − 2 =0
©

(ii)
(iii) + 5 = 3
(iv) 2 3 =
0
(v) + = 2 + 2
(vi) + 2 + 3 =0
+ 2 + 3 + 4 =0
D

(vii)
(viii) 3 − =4 −2
(ix) 2 − 4 + 6 =0
Solution:
The general solution of any trigonometric equation is given as:
= , <?A = + −1 , where ∈ .
= = , <?A =2 ± , where ∈ .

(i) + 2 + 3 =0

O T IS
Let us simplify,
+ 2 + 3 =0
N A D
CO N
we shall rearrange and use transformation formula
O UC AA
2 + + 3 =0
T IO
PY
D6E D E
By using the formula, %+ C=2
3 + 3 −
ED PR

2 +2 =0
2 2
2 +2 2 =0
©

2 1+2 =0
2 =0 51+2 =0
" "
2 = or = ) − *
" "
2 = or = ) − *
" "
2 = = ) *
D

or
6 " "
2 = or = 2< ±
6 " "
= 5 = 2< ±
0
∴ The general solution is
 " "
= 2 +1 or 2< ± , where <, ∈ .
0

(ii) + 3 − 2 =0
Let us simplify,
+ 3 − 2 =0

O T IS
we shall rearrange and use transformation formula
− 2 + 3 =0
N A D
CO N
= − 2 + + 3 =0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
D6E D E
By using the formula, cosA + cosB = 2cos
.6. . .
- 2 + 2 cos =0
ED PR

− 2 +2 2 =0
2 −1 + 2 =0
©

2 =0 5−1+2 =0
2 = 0 5 =

2 = 0 5 cos =
" "
2 = or = ) *
D

6 " "
2 = 5 = 2< ±
6 " "
= or = 2< ±
0
∴ the general solution is
6 " "
= or 2< ± , where <, ∈ .
0
(iii) + 5 = 3
Let us simplify,
+ 5 = 3
+ 5 − 3 =0
we shall rearrange and use transformation formula
- 3 + + 5 =0
− 3 + 5 + =0

O T IS
D6E D E
By using the formula, %+ C=2
N A D
CO N
+.6. +. .
− 3 + 2 sin =0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2 3 2 − 3 =0
3 2 2 −1 =0
ED PR

3 =0 5 2 =
"
3 = 0 or 2 =
©

"
3 = or 2 = 2< ±
" "
= or =< ±
#
∴ the general solution is
" "
= or < ± , where <, ∈ .
#
D
(iv) 2 3 =
0
Let us simplify,
2 3 =
0
4 2 3 =1
4 2 3 −1=0
By using the formula,

O T IS
2 % C = cos % + C cos % − C
2 2 N A D3 2 −1=0

CO N
2 4 + 2 2 −1=0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2 2 2 −1+ 2 2 − 1 = 0 [using cos2A = 2 % − 1]
4 2 −2 2 +2 2 −1=0
ED PR

2 2 2 2 +1 −1 2 2 +1 =0
2 2 −1 2 2 +1 =0
©

So,
2 2 +1=0 5 2 2 −1 =0
2 = or cos4 = 0 [` a 2b = 2 b − 1]
" "
2 = ) − * 5 4 =
" "
2 = cos or cos 4 =
D

" 6 "
2 = 2< ± or 4 =
" 6 "
=< ± or =
J
∴ the general solution is

=< ± 5 2 +1 , Uℎ 5 <, ∈ .
3 8
(v) + = 2 + 2
Let us simplify,
+ = 2 + 2
upon rearranging we get,
− 2 = 2 −
By using the formula,
D6E D E
%− C=2

O T IS
D6E D E
%− C = −2
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
So,

PY
.6. . . .6. . .
−2 =2
. . . .
2 =2
ED PR

. . .
sin ) − *=0
©

So,
. . .
=0 5 =
fg
. cde
= < or h
fg =0
78, h
. .
= sin < 5 =1
D

. . "
= < or =
0
. . "
=< or = +
0
" "
= 2< 5 = +
#
∴ the general solution is
" "
= 2< or + , where <, ∈ .
#

(vi) ijkl + ijkml + ijknl = o

Let us simplify,
+ 2 + 3 =0

O T IS
we shall rearrange and use transformation formula
2 + + 3 =0
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
D6E D E
%+ C=2
So,
ED PR

.6. . .
2 + 2 sin =0
2 +2 2 =0
©

W 2 2 +1 =0
2 = 0 or 2 +1=0
W 2 =W 0 5 =
"
2 = 0 5 = cos π−
"
W 2 = 0 5 =
D

"
2 = 5 = 2< ±
∴ the general solution is
" "
= or 2< ± , Uℎ 5 <, ∈ .
(vii) + 2 + 3 + 4 =0
Let us simplify,
+ 2 + 3 + 4 =0
we shall rearrange and use transformation formula
+ 2 + 3 + 4 =0
By using the formula,
D6E D E
SinA + W C = 2

O T IS
So,
N A D
CO N
.6. . . 0.6 . 0. .
2 +2 =0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2 sin 2 cos + 2 sin 3 =0
2 2 + 3 =0
ED PR

Again by using the formula,

D6E D E
%+ C= 2
©

we get
.6 . . .
2 )2 *=0
+. .
2 )2 *=0
+. .
4 =0
D

So,
+. .
=0 5 =0 5 =0
+. . Q6 "
= 0 5 = 0 5 = cos
6 " +. . Q6 "
= 5 = N or =
 6 " O"
= 5 = 5 = 2? + 1
+
" O"
= + 5 = 5 = 2? + 1 , where n, k, p ∈ .
+

(viii) 3 − =4 −2
Let us simplify,
3 − =4 −2

O T IS
3 − =2 2
N A D 2% = 2 % − 1]

CO N
[Since,
O UC AA
T IO
By using the formula,

PY
D6E D E
W %−W C =2
ED PR

So,
.6. . .
2 =2 2
2 2 −2 2 =0
©

2 2 −1 =0
Then,
2 2 =0 5 −1=0
\ 2 =0 5 =1
\ 2 = 0 5 = 1
D

"
\ 2 = 0 5 =
6 " P"
2 = 5 = < + −1
" P"
= 2 +1 5 = < + −1
0
∴ The general solution is
 " P"
= 2 +1 or = < + −1
0
∴ The general solution is
6 " P"
= or < + −1 , where <, ∈ .
0

(ix) 2 − 4 + 6 =0

O T IS
Let us simplify,
2 − 4 + 6 =0
N A D
CO N
We shall rearrange and use transformation formula
O UC AA
T IO
PY
- 4 + 6 + 2 =0
By using the formula,
ED PR

D6E D E
%+ C=2 ]
we get,
#.6 . #. .
©

- 4 +2 =0
- 4 +2 4 2 =0
W 4 2 2 −1 =0
So,
W 4 =0 52 2 −1=0
D

Sin4 = 0 5 2 =
"
Sin4 = 0 5 2 =
"
4 = or 2 = 2< ±
" "
= or =< ±
0 #
∴ The general solution is
" "
= or < ± , where <, ∈ .
0 #

5. Solve the following equations:

(i) + 2 + 3 =0

O T IS
(ii) + 2 = 3
(iii) 3 + =2 2
N A D
CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
The general solution of any trigonometric equation is given as:
= , <?A = + −1 , where ∈ .
= , <?A =2 ± , where ∈ .
ED PR

= , <?A = + , where ∈ .
©

(i) + 2 + 3 =0
Let us simplify,
+ 2 + 3 =0
+ 2 + tan 2 + =0
By using the formula,
D

[qre D6KL E]
tan % + C =
[ KL DKL E]

So,
[KL .6KL .]
+ 2 +[ =0
KL . KL .]
 + 2 )1 + *=0
KL .KL .

[ KL .KL .]
+ 2 [
=0
KL .KL .]

Then,
+ 2 =0

O T IS
Or
KL .KL .
) *=0
KL .KL .
N A D
CO N
+ 2 = 0 or [2 − 2 ]=0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= tan −2 5 2 =2
KL .
= + −2 5 tan / 1 =2
KL h .
ED PR

KL .
/` a 2 = 1
KL h .
©

KL h .
3 = 5 =2
KL h .

3 = or 2 =2 1−
KL h .
3 = or =2
KL h .

3 = or 2 =2 1−
D

3 = or 2 =2−2
3 = or 4 =2
"
= or =
0
"
= or =
 "
= or =
√
"
= 5 = s /A be ′α′ 1
√
"
= 5 =< +s
∴ the general solution is
"
= 5 < + s, where s = , <, ∈ .
√

O T IS
+ 2 = 3
(ii)
N A D
CO N
Let us simplify,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
+ 2 = 3
+ 2 − 3 =0
ED PR

+ 2 − +2 =0
By using the formula,
[KL D6KL E]
tan % + C =
©

[ KL DKL E]

So,
[KL .6KL .]
+ 2 − /[ 1=0
KL .KL .]
1
+ 2 S1 − T=0
1− 2
D

[ KL .KL .]
+ 2 )[ *=0
KL .KL .]

Then,
+ 2 = 0 or [− 2 ]=0
= tan −2 5− 2 =0
KL h .
= tan −2 5 =0
KL h .
 KL .
/Using, tan2 = 1
KL h .

= + −2 5 =< +0
3 = 5 =<
"
= 5 =<
∴ The general solution is
"
= 5 < , where <, ∈ .

O T IS
N A D
CO N
(iii) 3 + =2 2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let us simplify,
3 + =2 2
3 + = 2 + 2
ED PR

upon rearranging we get,

3 − 2 = 2 −
©

By using the formula,

[KL D KL E]
tan % − C = [
6KL DKL E]

So,
KL . KL . 6KL .KL . [ KL . KL . 6KL .KL . ]
/ [ 6KL .KL .]
1 = [ 6KL .KL .]

3 −2 1+ 3 2 = tan 2 − 1+ 2
D

tan [1 + 3 2 −1− 2 ]=0

2 3 − =0
So,
=0 5 2 =0 5 3 − =0
 =0 5 2 =0 5 3 =
= or 2 = < or 3 = N +
P"
= 5 = or 2 = N
P" O"
= 5 = 5 =
∴ the general solution is
P" O"
= or or , where m,n, k ∈ .

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D