KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION

MODEL QUESTION PAPER -1 2024-25

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(iii) Section –A consists of 16 multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(iv) Section –B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(v) Section –C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(vi) Section –D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(vii) Section –E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(viii) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION-A

The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.

1. The half life of a first order reaction is 24 hours. If we start with 10M 1
initial concentration of the reactant then the concentration after 96 hours will be
a) 1.25 M
b) 5 M
c) 1.25 M
d) 0.625 M
2. A solution of dilute sodium sulphate is electrolysed using inert electrodes. The products 1
formed at cathode and anode are respectively
a) H2 , O2
b) O2 , H2
c) O2 , Na
d) O2 , SO2
3. The number of moles of AgCl precipitate formed when excess of AgNO3 is added to one 1
mole of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 is
a) 2
b) 1
c) 3
d) No precipitate
4. Among the ligands NH3 , en , CN- and CO, the correct order of increasing field strength 1
is
a) en , CN- , CO, NH3
b) NH3 , en , CN- , CO
c) NH3 , CN- , CO, en
d) NH3 , en , CO, CN-

5. A magnetic moment of 2.83 BM is shown by which of the following ions? 1

a) Ti3+
b) Cr3+
c) Ni2+
d) Mn2+

6. When KMnO4 solution is added to oxalic acid solution in acid medium, the 1
decolourisation is slow in the beginning but becomes instantaneous after sometime
because
a) Mn2+ ions formed acts as autocatalysts
b) CO2 is formed as the product
c) Reaction is exothermic
d) MnO4- catalyses the reaction

7 The oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde using chromyl chloride is called as 1

a) Stephen’s reaction
b) Reimer- Tiemann reaction
c) Etard reaction
d) Cannizaro’s reaction
8 Which of the following observation is shown by 2-Phenyl ethanol with Luca’s reagent? 1
a) No turbidity will be observed
b) Turbidity will be observed within five minutes
c) Turbidity will be observed immediately
d) Colour changes to violet green

9 Which of the following undergoes nucleophilic substitution exclusively by SN1 1

mechanism?
a) Ethyl chloride
b) Chlorobenzene
c) Isopropyl chloride
d) Benzyl chloride

10 CH3CH2OH can be converted to CH3CHO by 1

a) Treatment with LiAlH4
b) Treatment with KMnO4
c) Treatment with pyridinium chlorochromate
d) Catalytic hydrogenation

11 Which one of the following can be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is 1

a) Aniline
b) Benzylamine
c) o-Toluidine
d) N-Methyl ethanamine

12 Which of the following is the correct order of basic strength of amines in aqueous 1
solutions?
a) (CH3)3N > (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > NH3
b) (CH3)3N > CH3NH2 > (CH3)2NH > NH3
c) (CH3)2NH > (CH3)3NH > NH3 > CH3NH2
d) (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N> NH3
13 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): Iron is protected from corrosion by connecting magnesium metal with it.
Reason (R): Iron acts as cathode and magnesium as anode which gradually disappears.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

14 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): Strong oxidising agents oxidise toluene to benzoic acid.
Reason (R): It is possible to stop the oxidation of toluene at the aldehyde stage with
suitable reagents.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

15 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): Order of a reaction can be fractional but molecularity of a reaction is
never fractional.
Reason (R): Order of a reaction depends on stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced
equation.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
16 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): Aniline undergoes Friedal-Craft’s reaction.
Reason (R): Friedal-Craft’s reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

SECTION – B

This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 2 marks each.

17 How much charge in Faraday is required for the following : 2

3+
a) To reduce 1 mol of Al to Al?
b) 20 g of Ca from molten CaCl2?

18 What do you understand by the following with respect to reaction kinetics? 2

a) Half life of a reaction
b) Activation energy

19 a) What do you understand by a racemic mixture? 2

b) Illustrate Sandmeyer’s reaction by writing chemical equation.

20 Write the IUPAC name of [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]+. Draw structures of geometrical isomers 2

of this complex

21 a) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points : 2

CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CH3
b) Ethanal is more reactive than acetone towards nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Why?
OR
How do you carry out the following conversions?
a) Ethyl benzene to benzoic acid
b) Propanal to butan-2-ol.
 SECTION – C

This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.

22 a) State Raoult’s for a solution containing a non volatile solute.

b) State Henry’s law and write one application of it.
c) Which type of deviation from ideal behaviour is shown by a mixture of acetone
and chloroform and why? 3
OR
a) What do you understand by reverse osmosis?
b) At 300 K, 36 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure
of 4.98 bar. For what concentration of the same solution at same temperature the
osmotic pressure is 1.52 bar?
23 a) For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is twice the
time required for the completion of 90% of reaction.
b) Write Arrhenius equation to show the relationshiip between rate constant and 3
temperature.

24 a) On the basis of CFT, write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if ∆o > P
b) Based on VBT, write the hybridisation, shape and magnetic behaviour of [CoF6]3-
.

c) Based on VBT, write the hybridisation, shape and magnetic behaviour of

[Ni(CO)4]. 3

25 Write name of the reaction, structure and IUPAC name of the product formed when:
a) Ethyl amine reacts with chloroform in the presence of NaOH.
b) Ethanamide reacts with bromine in the presence of NaOH.
3
26 Answer any three of the following:
a) Write structure of 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene.
b) Which halogen compound of the pair reacts faster in SN2reaction?
(CH3)3CCl and CH3Cl
c) Convert aniline to chlorobenzene. 3
27 a) What are the hydrolysis products of i) Sucrose ii) Lactose?
b) What happens when glucose reacts with i) HI ii) Bromine water 3

28 a) o–Nitrophenol is more acidic than o- Methoxyphenol. Why?

b) Ethanol has higher boiling point than that of methoxymethane.Why?
c) How do you distinguish phenol and benzoic acid.

SECTION – D

This section contains 2 Case-Based questions with internal choice in one of the sub-
questions. Each question carries 4 marks each (1+1+2). Read the passage carefully and
answer the questions that follow.

29 Living systems are made up of complex molecules called Biomolecules.

Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids, hormones and nucleic acids play an
important role in our daily life. Carbohydrates provide us energy. Proteins help in
growth and maintenance of body. Nucleic acids , RNA help in protein synthesis,
DNA helps in transfer of genetic characteristics. Fats are sources of energy and
protect our vital organs.
a) Name the linkage connecting amino acids to form proteins.
b) What do you understand by zwitter ion? 1
c) Write one structural and one functional difference between DNA and RNA. 1
OR
Give one example each of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins. Deficiency of
which vitamin causes rickets disease?

2
30 The colligative properties of electrolytes require a slightly different approach than
the one used for the colligative properties of non-electrolytes. The electrolytes
dissociate into ions in a solution. It is the number of solute particles that determines
the colligative properties of a solution. The electrolyte solutions,therefore, show
abnormal colligative properties and thereby abnormal molar masses of solutes. To
account for this effect we define a quantity called the van’t Hoff factor, given by
 Actual number of particles in solution after dissociation
i = Number of particles in solution after dissociation

i= 1(for non electrolytes)

i > 1 (for electrolytes undergoing dissociation)
i < 1 (for electrolytes undergoing association)

a) Predict the van’t Hoff factor ‘i’ value of Na2SO4 in water assuming complete
dissociation. 1
b) Write the significance of van’t Hoff factor ‘i’.
c) Out of 0.1 molal aqueous solution of glucose and 0.1 molal aqueous of KCl, which 1
one will have greater boiling point and why?
OR
c) Predict whether van’t Hoff factor is less than one or greater than one in the
following solutions:
i) CH3COOH dissolved in water 2
ii) CH3COOH dissolved in benzene.

SECTION – E

This section contains 3 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following
questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.

31 a) How much work can be extracted by using lead storage cell if each cell delivers
about 2.0 V of voltage? (1 F = 96500 C)
b) Write the Nernst equation and calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K:
Mg/Mg2+(0.001 M)// Cu2+(0.0001M)/Cu(s)
(Given E0Mg2+/Mg = -2.37 V, E0Cu2+/Cu =+0.34 V)
OR

a) Explain the variation of molar conductivity with dilution for a strong electrolyte as
well as weak electrolyte. Draw the graph.
b) What are the products formed at anode and cathode when aq.CuSO4 solution is
 electrolysed by using Cu electrodes?
c) State Kohlraush law of independent migration of ions. 5

32 a) An organic compound A(C3H8O) on treatment with Cu at 573 K, gives B. B does

not reduce Fehling’s solution but gives yellow ppt of the compound C with I2/NaOH.
Deduce the structures of A, B and C.
b) What do you understand by the following reactions
i) Aldol condensation
ii) Clemmenson’s reduction
OR 5
a) Write the reagents used in the following conversions?
i) C6H5COCl ?? C6H5CHO
ii) CH3COONa ?? CH4
b) How do you distinguish ethanal and acetone?
c) Why are carboxylic acids more acidic than phenol?
d) Write equation for the reaction of acetic acid with HI/red P

33 Answer any five of the following questions:

a) What is actinoid contraction? What causes actinoid contraction?
b) Transiton metals form coloured compounds. Why?
c) Which of the two: V(IV) or V(V) is paramagnetic? Give reason.
d) Zn is not considered as transition element. Why?
e) Which element of the first transition series has lowest enthalpy of atomisation and
why? 5
H
f) What is the effect of p on solution of potassium dichromate?
g) Complete the equation:
2 MnO4- + 10 I- + 16 H+

*************************************
 KENDRIYAA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -1 2024-25
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

Q.No. Answers/Value points Marks

SECTION-A
1 D 1
2 A 1
3 A 1
4 B 1
5 C 1
6 A 1
7 C 1
8 A 1
9 D 1
10 C 1
11 B 1
12 D 1
13 A 1
14 B 1
15 C 1
16 D 1
SECTION-B
17 a) 3 F 1
b) 1 F 1

18 a) It is the time in which 50% of the reaction is complete 1

b) It is the extra energy which must be supplied to the reactants
so that they change to products. 1

19 a) Mixtures containing equal amounts of dextro and laevo rotatory

compounds. 1
 b) Correct equation 1

20 a) Tetraamminedichloridochromium(III) ion 1
b) Cis form and trans form structures 1/2 + 1/2

21 a) CH3CH2CH3 < CH3OCH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH 1

b) In ethanal carbonyl carbon has more positive charge and less 1
steric hinderance.
OR
a) Correct conversion equation. 1
b) Correct conversion equation. 1

SECTION – C

22 a) Statement 1
b) Statement and one application ½+½
c) Negative deviation due to intermolecular H-bonding ½ + 1/2
OR
a) When pressure applied on the solution side is greater than
osmotic pressure, the osmosis can be reversed. 1
b) Formula π = CRT ½
Π1/π2 = C1/C2
Substitution and calculation 1
C2 = 0.061 M 1/2
23 a) Correct derivation 2
b) k = Ae-Ea/RT 1

24 a) t2g4eg0 1
b) sp3d2, Octahedral and paramagnetic 1
c) sp3, tetrahedral and diamagnetic 1

25 a) Carbylamine reaction, CH3NC, Ethane isonitrile 1.5

b) Hoffmann Bromamide reaction, CH3NH2, Methanamine 1.5
26 a) Correct structure 1
0
b) CH3Cl as it is 1 alkyl halide. 1
c) Correct conversion 1

27 a) i) Glucose and fructose ii) Glucose and galactose 1/2 + 1/2

b) i) n-Hexane forms ii) Gluconic acid forms 1+1

28 a) Nitro group is ewdg and stabilises the conjugate base whereas 1

methoxy group is edg and destabilises the conjugate base.
b) Ethanol has intermolecular hydrogen bonds. 1
c) Neutral FeCl3 test - phenol gives violet colouration or
NaHCO3 test- Benzoic zcid gives brisk efferevescences. 1
SECTION –D

29 a) peptide linkage 1
b) correct definition 1
c) structural difference- any one 1
functional difference – any one 1
OR
Water soluble vitamin- B/ C ½
Fat soluble vitamin- A/D/E/K ½
Vitamin-D 1
30 a) 3 1
b) to correct abnormal molar masses of solutes (associating or
dissociating) determined from colligative properties. 1
c) 0.1 molal KCl solution as it dissociates and ‘I’ value increases. 1
OR
i > 1 as it dissociates
i < 1 as it associates 2
31 a) Wmax = -nFE0 ½
Substitution and calculation ½
Wmax = -386000 J 1
 b) Correct Nernst equation 1
Substitution and calculation 1
Ecell = 2.68 V 1
OR
a) Graph 1
Strong electrolyte variation and explanation 1
Weak electrolyte variation and explanation 1
b) At anode : Cu metal dissolves ½
At cathode: Cu metal depositsCorrect statement ½
c) Correct statement 1

32 a) A = Propan-2-ol 1
B = Propanone 1
C = CHI3 1
b) i) Correct equation 1
ii) Correct equation 1
OR
a) i) H2, Pd/BaSO4 1
ii) NaOH + CaO 1
b) Using Tollen’s test/Fehling’s test 1
c) Correct reason 1
d) Ethane forms/equation 1

33 Any five
a) The decrease in the atomic and ionic radii with increase in atomic 1
number of actinoids. Due to poor shielding effect of 5f orbitals.
b) Due to presence of unpaired electrons, d-orbital splitting and d-d 1
electron transition.
c) V(IV) as it has one unpaired electron 1
d) As Zn does not have any unpaired electron in it’s atomic state as
well as in stable +2 oxidation state. 1
e) Zn as it has the weakest metallic bond due to absence of unpaired
electrons. 1
f) On increasing pH potassium chromate forms 1
2+
g) 2Mn + 8 H2O + 5 I2 1
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -2 2024-25

CLASS : XII MAX.MARKS : 70

SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION : 3 Hours

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(iii) Section –A consists of 16 multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(iv) Section –B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(v) Section –C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(vi) Section –D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(vii) Section –E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(viii) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION-A

The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.

1. Out of 1 m solution of the following dissolved in water, which one will have the lowest 1
freezing point (assuming all are fully ionised)
a) Urea b) NaCl c) Na2SO4 d) Al2(SO4)3
2. The half life period of first order reaction is 1386 seconds. The specific rate constant of 1
the reaction is
a) 0.5 x 10-3 s-1
b) 0.5 x 10-2 s-1
c) 5.0 x 10-2 s-1
d) 5.0 x 10-3 s-1
3. Generally transition metals form coloured salts due to the presence of unpaired electrons. 1
Which of the following compounds will be coloured in solid state?
a) Ag2SO4 b) CuF2 c) ZnF2 d) Cu2Cl2
4. Which of the following is a diamagnetic ion (Atomic numbers of Sc, V, Mn and Cu are 1
21, 23, 25 and 29 respectively)
a) V2+ b) Cu2+ c) Sc3+ d) Mn2+
5. The CFSE of [CoCl6]3- is 18000 cm-1, then the CFSE for [CoCl4]- will be 1
-1 -1 -1 -1
a) 18000 cm b) 16000 cm c) 8000 cm d) 2000 cm
6. Which of the following compound is expected to be optically active? 1
a) CH3CH2CHBrCHO c) CH3CH2CBr2CHO
b) CH3CH2CH2CHO d) (CH3)2CHCHO
7 When diethyl ether is heated with excess of HI, it produces 1
a) Ethanol b) iodoform c) methyl iodide d) Ethyl iodide
8 Phenol is more acidic than ethanol because 1
a) Ethoxide ion is more stable than phenoxide ion
b) Phenoxide ion is more stable than alkoxide ion
c) Phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution.
d) Phenol undergoes protonation easily
9 What is the IUPAC name of the ketone A, which undergoes iodoform reaction to give 1
CH3CH=C(CH3)COONa and yellow precipitate of CHI3?
a) 3-Methylpent-4-one
b) 3-Methylbut-2-en-3-one
c) 2,3-Dimethylethanone
d) 3-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
10 The reagent which reacts with acetaldehyde but not benzaldehyde is 1
a) Fehling’s solution
b) Sodium hydrogen sulphite
c) Phenyl hydrazine
d) Grignard reagent
11 Which of the following vitamin of B group can be stored in our body? 1
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin B12

12 Which of the following compound will not undergo azo coupling reaction with benzene 1
diazonium chloride?
a) Aniline b) Phenol c) Nitrobenzene d) Anisole
13 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): Cooking time in pressure cooker is reduced.
Reason (R): Boiling point inside the pressure cooker is raised.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
14 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): Boiling point of p-nitrophenol is more than o-nitrophenol.
Reason (R): p-nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intermolecular H-bonding.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
15 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): For first order reaction, plots of t1/2 vs initial concentration is parallel to
the concentration axis.
Reason (R): In first order kinetics when concentration of reactant is doubled, its half life
is doubled.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
16 Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) 1
Assertion (A): Cyclohexanone undergoes Aldol condensation.
Reason (R): Benzaldehyde undergoes Cannizaro’s reaction.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
 SECTION – B

This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 2 marks each.

17 Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following : 2

a) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with Ag electrodes.
b) An aqueous solution of H2SO4 with platinum electrodes
18 A reaction is first order wrt A and second order wrt B. 2
a) How is the rate affected on increasing the concentration of B three times.
b) How is the rate affected when concentration of both A and B are doubled.

19 Use valence bond theory and predict the geometry and magnetic behaviour of the 2
complex [CoF6]3- . (Atomic number of Co =27)
20 a) Haloalkanes react with AgCN to form isocyanide as main product. Why? 2
b) Benzyl chloride is more reactive towards SN1 reaction. Why?
21 a) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of pKb.
Aniline, 3- methylaniline, 4-Methylaniline
b) Propanamide on reaction with bromine in aq.KOH forms compound G. What is
the name of the reaction and what is G?
OR
a) Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength
Aniline, p- nitroaniline and p- toluidine
b) Draw the structure of N,N-Dimethylethanamine 2

SECTION – C

This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.

22 a) Write the correct cell reaction equation and calculate emf of the following cell at
298K
Mg(s)/Mg2+(0.001 M)//Cu2+(0.0001 M)/Cu(s)
(Given E0Mg2+/Mg = -2.37 V and E0Cu2+/Cu = +0.337 V) 3
23 a) For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is twice the
time required for the completion of 90% of the reaction.
b) Write one difference between order and molecularity of a reaction.
3
OR
 a) At a given temperature for two reactions A and B the activation energies are E1
and E2. Which reaction has greater rate if E1 > E2 and why?
b) What do you understand by a pseudofirst order reaction? Give an example.
c) Draw a graph of log [A] vs t for a first order reaction. What is its slope?
24 Compound A with molecular formula C4H9Br is treated with aq KOH solution. The
rate of this reaction depends upon the concentration of the compound A only. When
another optically active isomer B of this compound was treated with aq KOH
solution, the rate of reaction was found tobe dependent on concentration of
compound and KOH both.
a) Write the structural formulae of both compounds A and B.
b) Out of these two compounds, which one will be converted to the product with
inverted configuration 3
25 Write reaction equations for the following named reactions:
a) Reimer Tiemann reaction
b) Kolbe’s electrolysis
c) Williamsons synthesis 3
26 a) Name the product formed when D- glucose reacts with
i) HI ii) Bromine water
b) Name the polymer stored in liver of animals. 3
27 a) How do you convert Aniline to phenol?
b) In nitration of aniline good amount of m-nitroaniline is formed. Why?
c) How do you distinguish Ethylamine and aniline? 3
28 a) What do you understand by a peptide linkage?
b) Why should diabetic patients do mild exercise like walking everyday?
c) Name the major sex hormones produced in males and females. 3

SECTION – D

This section contains 2 Case-Based questions with internal choice in one of the sub-
questions. Each question carries 4 marks each (1+1+2). Read the passage carefully and
answer the questions that follow.

29 At infinite dilution, when the dissociation of electrolyte is complete, each ion makes
a definite contribution towards the molar conductance of electrolyte, irrespective of
the nature of the other ion with which it is associated.
The molar conductance of an electrolyte at infinite dilution can be expressed
 as the sum of the contributions from its individual ions.
AxBy → x Ay+ + y Bx-
Λm(AxBy) = x λ0+ + y λ0- where x and y are the number of cations and anions
respectively.
a) State Kohlrausch law. 1
b) What is molar conductivity and what are its units? 1
c) Which of the following solutions will have higher molar conductivity and why?
1 M CH3COOH or 0.01 M CH3COOH
OR
If the molar conductivities at infinite dilution of NaCl, HCl and CH3COONa are
126.4, 425.9 and 91.0 Scm2mol-1 respectively, what will be the limiting molar
conductivity of CH3COOH ? 2
30 In octahedral complexes with six ligands surrounding the metal atom/ion, the
degeneracy of d- orbitals is disturbed due to repulsions between the ligands and d-
orbitals. The repulsions between dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals and the ligands are greater
than
dxy,dyz and dxz orbitals and ligands. Thus, there is splitting of d- orbitals into two sets,
i.e two orbitals of higher energy , eg set and three orbitals of lower energy, t2g set.
The difference of energy between two sets of d-orbitals is called crystal field splitting
energy and is represented by ∆o. For any given metal cation, the magnitude of ∆o
depends upon the nature of the ligands. Some ligands produce strong field and hence
splitting is large whereas some other ligands produce weak field and hence they
result in small splitting of d- orbitals.
i) In an octahedral crystal field, eg orbitals are
a) Raised in energy by 0.4 ∆o
b) Lowred in energy by 0.6 ∆o
c) Raised in energy by 0.6 ∆o 1
d) Lowered in energy by 0.4 ∆o
ii) Predict the correct increasing order of ∆o, for the complexes 1
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ , [Fe(CN)4(H2O)2]2- , [Fe(CN)6]4-
iii) Write the d-orbital electron distribution in Mn complexes [Mn(H2O)6]2+ and 2
[Mn(CN)6]4- . OR
Draw a neat labelled digram for crystal splitting of d-orbitals in an octahedral 2
complex.
 SECTION – E

This section contains 3 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following
questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.

31 a) State:
i)Raoult’s law in its general form in reference to solutions.
ii)Henry’s law about partial pressure of a gas in a mixture.
b) 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The
resulting solution freezes at -0.34°C. What is the molar mass of the solute?(Kf for
water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).
OR
a) Under what condition does reverse osmosis take place? Write it’s one use.
b) 30 g of urea (M= 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour
pressure of water for this solution if Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.88 5
mm Hg.

32 A ketone A(C4H8O) which undergoes a haloform reaction gives compound B on

reduction. B on heating with sulphuric acid gives a compound C which forms mono-
ozonide D. D on hydrolysis with zinc dust gives only E. Identify A, B, C, D and E.
Write the reactions involved.
OR
a) CH3CHO is more reactive than CH3COCH3 towards nucleophilic addition
reaction. Why?
b) Convert Ethanol to 3-hydroxybutanal.
c) Write chemical equation for Rosenmund reduction.
d) How do you distinguish between propanal and propanone
e) Convert ethyl benzene to benzoic acid. 5
33 Answer any five of the following
a) Mn2+ is more resistant to oxidation than Fe2+. Why?
b) Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction. Why?
c) Which one of the following would feel attraction when placed in magnetic field?
Co2+, Ag+, Ti4+, Zn2+
d) Transition metals show variable oxidation states. Why?
e) What is the effect of pH on dichromate solution? 5
f) Write chemical reaction equation when permanganate solution reacts with oxalic
acid.
g) Write the chemical equation for what happens when KMnO4 is heated.
*************************************
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -2 2024-25
ANSWER KEY
CLASS : XII SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

Q.No. Answers/Value points Marks

SECTION-A
1 d 1
2 a 1
3 b 1
4 c 1
5 c 1
6 a 1
7 d 1
8 b 1
9 d 1
10 a 1
11 d 1
12 c 1
13 a 1
14 c 1
15 c 1
16 b 1
SECTION-B
17 a) At anode - Ag dissolves ½
At cathode - Ag deposits ½
b) At anode - O2 gas is released ½
At cathode - H2 gas is released ½
18 a) Rate increases by 9 times 1
b) Rate increases by 8 times 1
19 sp3d2 , Octahedral geometry 1
Paramagnetic as 4 unpaired electrons are present 1
20 a) As AgCN is covalent compound, NPS takes place fromN atom with
lone pair of electrons. 1
b) Because the intermediate benzyl carbocation formed is stabilised by 1
resonance.
21 a) 4- Methylaniline < 3- Methylaniline < Aniline 1
b) Hoffmann Bromamide reaction , Ethanamine ½+½
OR
a) p- nitroaniline < Aniline < p- toluidine 1
b) CH3CH2N(CH3)2 1
SECTION – C
22 Cell reaction Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s) ½
Correct Nernst equation ½
Correct substitution and calculation 1
Correct answer E0cell = 2.68 V 1
23 a) Correct integrated equations 1
Correct derivation 1
b) One difference OR 1
a) Reaction B as it has lower activation energy 1
b) Correct definition and example ½+½
c) Correct graph and slope = -Ea/2.303RT ½+½
24 a) Compound A - tert-Butyl bromide correct structure 1
Compound B - 2-Bromobutane correct structure 1
b) Compound B and reason 1
25 a) Correct equation 1
b) Correct equation 1
c) Correct equation 1
26 a) i) n- Hexane 1
ii) Gluconic acid 1
b) Glycogen 1
27 a) Diazotisation followed by reacton with warm water. 1
b) As aniline is basic and reacts with acid to form -R effect anilinium ion. 1
c) For both diazotisation followe by reaction with phenol- aniline gives 1
orange dye.
28 a) The -CONH- bond formed by condensation reaction between amino
acids in proteins is called as peptide linkage. 1
b) Because rate of metabolism increases and blood sugar decreases. 1
c) Testosterone and estradiol ½+½
SECTION –D
29 a) Correct statement 1
b) It is the conductance of all the ions produced from one mole of the
electrolyte. ½
Scm2mol-1 ½
c) 0.01 M CH3COOH 1
Molar conductivity increases with dilution. 1
OR
Correct formula and substitution 1
Λm0 CH3COOH = 390.5 Scm2mol-1 1

30 i) c 1
2+ 2- 4-
ii) [Fe(H2O)6] < [Fe(CN)4(H2O)2] < [Fe(CN)6] 1
iii) t2g3eg2 and t2g5eg0 respectively 1+ 1
OR
Neat correct diagram 2
31 a) i) Correct statement 1
ii) Correct statement 1
b) ∆Tf = 0.34 K ½
correct formula ½
Substitution and calculation 1
MB = 182.35 g mol-1 1
OR
a) When pressure applied is greater than osmotic pressure 1
Use - Desalination of sea water 1
b) Correct formula ½
Substitution and calculation 1.5
Ps = 23.63 mm of Hg 1
32 A - CH3CH2COCH3 1
B - CH3CHOHCH2CH3 1
C - CH3CH=CHCH3 1
D - Butene ozonide 1
E - CH3CHO 1
OR
a) Due to lesser +I effect and lesser steric hinderance in CH3CHO 1
b) Mild oxidation with PCC followed by aldol condensation 1
c) Correct equation 1
d) Any one test 1
e) Oxidation by alk. KMnO4 1
33 a) As Mn2+ has more stable d5 electronic configuration 1
b) 5f orbitals are more poor shieders than 4f orbitals. 1
2+
c) Co 1
d) As the energy difference between 4s and 3d orbitals is less. 1
e) On increasing pH it changes to chromate solution. 1
f) Correct equation 1
g) Correct equation 1
Any 5 Any Five
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -3 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

Read the following instructions carefully.

(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.

(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

(g) All questions are compulsory.

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section
1 Value of Henry’s constant KH 1M
(a) increases with decrease in temperature.
(b) decreases with increase in temperature.
(c) increases with increase in temperature.
(d) remains constant
2 Which of the following aqueous solution should have the highest boiling point? 1M
(a) 1.0 M NaOH (b) 1.0 M Na2SO4 (c) 1.0 M NH4NO3 (d) 1.0 M KNO3
3 If the rate of a reaction is expressed by, Rate = k [A]2[B ]. Then the order of reaction will be 1M
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
4 The unit of rate constant of first order reaction is : 1M
(a) time-1 (b) mole litre-1 sec-1 (c) litre mole-1 sec (d) litre mole-1 sec-1
5 Which one of the following is diamagnetic ion? 1M
(a) Co2+ (b) Ni2+ (c) Cu2+ (d) Zn2+
6 General electronic configuration of lathanoides is: 1M
(a) (n - 2) f 1-14(n - 1)d10nS2 np6 (b) (n - 2) f 1-14 (n - 1)d0-1ns2
(c) (n - 2) f 0-14 (n - 1)d10ns2 (d) (n - 2)d0-1(n - 1)f 1-14ns2
7 The complexes [Co(NH3)6][Cr (CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6] the examples of which type 1M
 of isomerism?
(a) Linkage isomerism (b) Ionisation isomerism
(c) Coordination isomerism (d) Geometrical isomer
8 Which one is most reactive towards SN1 reaction? 1M
(a) C6H5CH(C6H5)Br (b) C6H5CH(CH3)Br
(c) C6H5C(CH3) (C6H5)Br (d) C6H5CH2Br
9 Among the following four compounds 1. Phenol 2. Methylphenol 3. meta-nitrophenol 4. para- 1M
nitrophenol , the acidity order is :
(a) ii > i > iii > iv (b) iv > iii > i > ii (c) iii > iv > i > ii (d) i > iv > iii > ii
10 Iodoform test is not given by 1M
(a) 2-Pentanone (b) Ethanol (c) Ethanal (d) 3-Pentanone
11 Which of the following undergoes Cannizzaro’s reaction? 1M
(a) CH3CHO (b) CH3CH2CHO (c) CH3CH2CHO (d) HCHO
12 Which is able to form Zwitterion? 1M
(a) CH3NO2 (b) CH3COOH (c) CH3CH2NH2 (d)H2NCH2COOH
13 Assertion : On increasing dilution, the specific conductance keep on increasing. 1M
Reason : On increasing dilution, degree of ionisation of weak electrolyte increase and molality
of ions also increases.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true
14 Assertion : If the activation energy of a reaction is zero, temperature will have no effect on the 1M
rate constant.
Reason : Lower the activation energy, faster is the reaction.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true
15 Assertion : Alkyl iodide can be prepared by treating alkyl chloride/bromide with NaI in acetone. 1M
Reason : NaCl/NaBr are soluble in acetone while NaI is not.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
 c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true
16 Assertion : Proteins are made up of α-amino acids. 1M
Reason : During denaturation, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins are destroyed
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true

SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each
17 Predict the products of electrolysis of the following : 2M
1. An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes
2. An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes
18 Explain the following observations : 2M
1. Transition elements are known to form many interstitial compounds.
2. With the same d4 configuration Cr2+ ions is reducing while Mn3+ ion is oxidising.
19 Write the structural formula of the organic compounds 2M
A, B, C and D in the following sequence of reaction:

20 Convert benzoic acid to aniline 2M

(or)
Convert Ethanoic acid into methanamine
21 Write the important structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA. 2M

SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 Calculate the ΔG º and log Kc for the given reaction at 298 K : 3M
Ni (s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Ni2+(aq) + 2Ag (s)
Given : E0 Ni2+ /Ni =0.25V, E0 Ag /Ag+ =0.80V 1 F = 96500 C mol-1
23 The molar conductivity at infinite dilution of Al2(SO4)3 is 858 S cm2 mol-1. Calculate the molar 3M
ionic conductivity of Al ionic, given that
3+
λmo(SO4 2
) 160 S cm mol -1

b) The conductivity of 0.20 M KCl solution at 298 K is 0.025 S cm-1. Calculate its molar
conductivity
24 What is lanthanoid contraction? Give its cause. What are the consequences of lanthanoid 3M
contraction?
(or)
2+ 3+
A)Why is Cr reducing and Mn oxidising when both have d4 configuration?
B)Calculate the magnetic moment of a divalent ion inaqueous solution. If its atomic number is25
C)The third ionisation enthalpies for Mn and Zn areunusually high, why?
25 How will you convert CH3- CH2- Br into following? 3M
(i) CH3- CH3
(ii) C2H5- O - C2H5
(iii) CH3- CH2- CN
26 a) Give balanced equation for the reaction of acetaldehyde with hydroxylamine. 3M
b) How will you bring about the following conversion? Acetaldehyde to acetamide
c) Give chemical test to distinguish acetaldehyde and acetic acid.
27 Give the balanced equations for the following reaction: 3M
a) Clemmensen’s reduction
b)Haloform reaction
28 What happens when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents? 3M
(i) HI
(ii) Bromine water
(iii) HNO3

SECTION D

The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice
and carries 4 (2+1+1) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
that follow.

29 The half-life of a reaction is the time required for the concentration of reactant to decrease by 4M
half, i.e., This means t1/2 is independent of initial concentration. Figure shows that typical
variation of concentration of reactant exhibiting first order kinetics. It may be noted that though
the major portion of the first order kinetics may be over in a finite time, but the reaction will
never cease as the concentration of reactant will be zero only at infinite time.
(a) A first order reaction has a rate constant k = 3.01X10-3S-1. How long will it take to
decompose half of the reactant
(b) Draw the plot of t1/2 vs initial concentration [A]0 for a first order reaction.
(c) The rate constant for a first order reaction is 7.0X10-4S-1 If initial concentration of reactant is
0.080 M, what is the half life of reaction?
or
(d) The rate of a first order reaction is 0.04 mol L-11s-1after 10 minutes and 0.03 mol L-11s-1 after
 20 minutes of initiation. What is the half-life of reaction?
30 The amines are basic in nature due to the presence of a lone pair of electron on N-atom of the 4M
NH2 group, which it can donate to electron deficient compounds. Aliphatic amines are stronger
bases than NH3 because of the +I effect of the alkyl groups. Greater the number of alkyl groups
attached to N-atom, higher is the electron density on it and more will be the basicity. Aniline is a
weaker base compared to ammonia. This is because the lone pair of electrons on N-atom of
aniline is less available for protonation due to its involvement in conjugation with the p –
electrons of the benzene ring. Further the presence of electron withdrawing groups decreases the
basicity while, the presence of electron donating groups activates the benzene ring and also
increases the basicity.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(a) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution. Give reason
(b) Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength : C6H5NH2 ,C6H5NHCH3,
C6H5N(CH3)2
(c) (i) Arrange the following compounds in an increasing order of basic strength : C6H5NH2 ,
C6H5N(CH3)2 , (C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2
(ii) Arrange the following compounds in a decreasing order of pKb values.
C2H5NH2,C6H5NHCH3, (C2H5)2NH, and C6H5NH2
(d) Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength : Aniline, p-nitroaniline and p-
toluidine.

SECTION E

The following questions are long answer types and carry 5 marks each. All questionshave
an internal choice.

31 a) State Henry’s Law an mention some important applications 5M

b) The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. When 1.80 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved
in 90 g of benzene, the boiling point is raised to 354.11 K. Calculate the molar mass of the
solute. (Kb for benzene is 2.53 K kg mol-1)
(OR)
a) State Rault’s law.
b) Addition of 0.643 g of a compound to 50 mL of benzene (density 0.879 g/mL) lowers the
freezing point from 5.510C to 5.030C. If Kf for benzene is 5.12 K kg mol-1, Calculate the molar
mass of the compound.
32 1) What is meant by chelate effect? 5M
2) Write IUPAC name of the complex: [CoCl2(en)2]+
3) Explain why [Co(NH3)6]3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]2+ is an outer orbital
 complex. (At. no. Co = 27, Ni = 28)
(OR)
1) Write the structures and names of all the stereoisomers of the following compounds :
(i) [Co(en)3]Cl3
(ii) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
(iii) [Fe(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
33 1) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acid strengths: 5M
4-Nitrophenol, Phenol, 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol.
2) How will you convert:
(i) Propene to Propan-l-ol?
(ii) Ethanal to Propan-2-ol?
(or )
1)State the products of the following reactions:

2)Explain the mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of ethyle alcohol

 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -3 (2024-25)
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)
1 KH increases as temperature increases and vice versa. Thus (c) is correct option 1M
2 As we know greater value of Van’t Hoff factor higher will be the elevation in boiling point 1M
and hence higher will be the boiling point of solution Since value of i for Na2SO4 is highest.
Hence, 1.0M Na2SO4 has highest boiling point. Thus (b) is correct option
3 Since, the sum of powers of the concentration terms as given in the rate-law is known as the 1M
order of reaction. Hence, order of reaction = 2 + 1 = 3
Thus (b) is correct option
4 (a) is correct option 1M
5 In transition metals, the species contain unpaired electrons in d-subshell are paramagnetic 1M
while those have no unpaired electrons are diamagnetic in nature. The metals (ions/atoms)
with d1 to d9 electrons are paramagnetic while metals with d0 or d10 – outermost electronic
configuration are diamagnetic.
(a) Co2+" has d7 electrons, thus is paramagnetic.
(b) Ni2+" has d8 electrons, thus is paramagnetic.
(c) Cu2+" has d9 electrons, thus is paramagnetic.
(d) Zn2+" has d10 electrons, thus is diamagnetic.
Thus (d) is correct option
6 (b) is correct option 1M
7 Coordination isomerism occurs when cationic and anionic complexes of different metal ions 1M
are present in a salt. Interchange of ligand between the complexes give isomers (c) is correct
option.
8 SN1 reactions involve the formation of carbocations, hence higher the stability of 1M
carbocation, more will be reactivity of the parent alkyl halide. Thus tertiary carbocation
formed from (c) is stabilized by two phenyl groups and one methyl group, hence most stable.
Thus (c) is correct option.
9 1M

Thus (b) is correct option.

10 Iodoform test is exhibited by ethyl alcohol acetaldehyde, acetone methyl ketones and those 1M
alchols which possess CH3CH(OH)-group . As 3-pentanone does not contain CH3CO-group
as therefore it does not give iodoform test. Thus (d) is correct option.
11 Carbonyl compound having no α hydrogen undergo cannizzaro reaction. In HCHO, there is 1M
no alpha hydrogen present. So HCHO is expected to undergo Cannizzaro reaction. Thus (d)
is correct option
12 At low or acidic pH values, the hydrogen ions add to the carboxyl group, making it neutral. 1M
This gives the amino acid a net charge +1. At high, or basic, pH values, a hydrogen ion on N
is removed by the excess base, neutralizing the amino group. Thus (d) is correct option
13 The specific conductivity decreases while equivalent and molar conductivities increase with 1M
dilution. Thus (d) is correct option
14 According to Arrhenius equation, k=Ae- Ea/RT 1M
When, Ea = 0
k=A
Thus (b) is correct option.
15 Alkyl halides on treatment with NaI in presence of acetone forms alkyl iodide. This is called 1M
 Finkelstein reaction.
R –X + NaI acetone → R-I + NaX
Here NaI is soluble in acetone but NaBr/NaCl are not soluble. Hence due to precipitation of
slat, equilibrium is shifted to forward direction. Hence assertion is true but reason is false.
Thus (c) is correct option.
16 During formation of proteins, -NH2 group of one amino acid condenses with -CO2H of the 1M
other with elimination of a water molecule to form a peptide bond. Thus (c) is correct option
17 1+1M

18 1. The transition metals have voids in their crystal lattice into which small atoms like H, C, 1+1M
N, are trapped inside, resulting in the formation of interstitial compounds.
2. Cr2+ ion is reducing as its configuration changes from d 4 to d 3, the later having halffilled
configuration. While the change from Mn2+ to Mn3+ results in half-filled (d 5) configuration
which has extra stability.
19 ½+ ½+
½+ ½ M

20 2M
21 2M

22 ΔG º = - nF E ºCell 1½+1
E ºCell = Ecathode- EAnode ½M
=+ 0.80 - (- 0.25) = 1.05V
n=2
F = 96500 Cmol-1
ΔG º =- 2X96500X1.05
ΔG º =- 202650 Jmol-1
ΔG º =- 202.650 kJmol-1
Again, we know
ΔG º =- 2.303RTlog Kc
202650 =- 2.303X8.314X298 log Kc
log Kc =- 35.516
23 1½+1
½M

b)

24 Lanthanoid contraction is the regular decrease (contraction)in the atomic and ionic radii of 3M
Lanthanoids from lanthanum of leutecium. Cause of lanthanoid contraction : As we move
from left to right in the series nuclear charge increases by one unit with that an additional
electron enters into 4f orbital. But electrons do not effectively screen the nucleus (because of
the shape of f orbital), due to this poor shielding by 4f electrons, the effective nuclear charge
increases and size decreases.
Consequences of lanthanoid contraction :
1. Difficulty in separation of lanthanoids :
2. Similarity in the size of elements of second and third transition series :
3. With decrease in size of lanthanoid ions from La3+ to Lu3+, the covalent character of the
hydroxide increase and hence the basic strength decreases. La(OH)3 is most basic and
Lu(OH)3 is least basic.
(OR)

a)Cr2+ is reducing because after the loss of one electron its configuration changes from d 4 to
 d3, the latter having a half filled t2g level (see next unit). Mn3+ is oxidizing because after
taking one electron its configuration changes form d 4 to d5(Mn3+ to Mn2+) configuration
which has extra stability.
2) With atomic number 25 (Mn), the divalent ion Mn2+ in aqueous solution will have d 5
configuration (five unpaired electron, n = 5).The magnetic moment m is m = 5(5 + 2) =
5.92B.M.
3) This is due to greater difficulty of removing an electron from Mn+2 and Zn+2 ions, as they
have exceptionally stable d5 and d10 configuration.
25 1+1+1M

26 1+1+1M

Tollen’s test Acetaldehyde reduces Tollen’s reagent to give shining silver mirror but acetic
acid does not.
27 1½+
a) 1½M
b) Aldehydes and Ketones containing CH3CO – group on treatment with halogen in
presence of alkali or sodium hypohalite (NaOX) produces a haloform (chloroform,
bromoform, or iodoform). In this reaction methyl group linked to the caboxy carbon atom is
converted to haloform.

28 (i) n-hexane 1+1+1M

(ii) Gluconic acid
(iii) Saccharic acid
29 4M
30 (a) In aqueous solution, 2° amine is more basic than 3° amine due to the combination of 4M
inductive effect, solvation effect and steric hindrance.
(b) Increasing order of basic strength in gaseous state is as follows:
C6H5NH2 < C6H5NHCH3 < C6H5N(CH3)2
As the number of -CH3 groups (+ I effect) Attached to nitrogen increases, its basicity will
increase.
(c) (i) Increasing order of basic strength is
C6H5NH2 < C6H5N(CH3)2 < CH3NH2 < (C2H5)2NH
(ii) Stronger the base, lower will be its pKb value. Hence, the decreasing order of pKbvalues
(d) Electron withdrawing group -(NO2) on benzene ring decreases the basicity and electron
donating group -(CH3) on benzene ring increases the basicity of the compound. Increasing
order of basic strength :
p-nitroaniline <aniline <p-toluidine
31 a)The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is directly proportional to the mole 2+3 M
fraction of the gas (x) in the solution,
p = KHx
Here KH is the Henry’s law constant.
Application of Henry’s Law are as follows :
1. To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and soda water, the bottle sealed under
high pressure
2. To minimise the painful effects accompanying the decompression of deep sea divers,
oxygen diluted with less soluble helium gas is use as breathing gas.
3. In lungs, where oxygen is present in air with high partial, haemoglobin combines with
oxygen to from oxyhaemoglobin. In tissues where partial pressure of oxygen is low,
Oxyhaemoglobin releases oxygen for utilization in cellular activities
b)
 b)

a)Raoults law definition

b)

32 1) Chelate effect : When a bidentate or a polydentate ligand contains donor atoms 1+1+3M
positioned in such a way that when they coordinate with the central metal ion, a five
or a six membered ring is formed. This effect is called Chelate effect. As a result, the
stability of the complex increases.
2) Dichloridobis ethylenediamine cobalt (III) ion
3)
33 1) Phenol < 4-Nitrophenol < 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol. 1+2+2M
2)

(or)
1)
1)
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -4 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

Read the following instructions carefully.

(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.

(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

(g) All questions are compulsory.

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section
1 A solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.0821 atm. At 300 K. Its concentration would be : 1M
(a) 0.66 M (b) 0.32 M (c) 0.066 M (d) 0.033 M
2 In mixture A and B components show –ve deviation as: 1M
(a) ΔVmix > 0
(b) ΔHmix > 0
(c) A - B interaction is weaker than A - A and B - B interaction.
(d) A - B interaction is stronger than A - A and B - B interaction.
3 For the reaction 2A + B → 3C + D which of the following does not express the reaction rate? 1M

4 Which of the following graph represents a zero order reaction? 1M

5 K2Cr2O7 on heating with aqueous NaOH gives: 1M

(a) CrO42- (b) Cr(OH)3 (c) Cr2O72- (d) Cr (OH)2
6 Which of the following shows maximum number of oxidation states? 1M
(a) Cr (b) V (c) Mn (d) V
3-
7 The number of unpaired electrons in the complex ion [CoF6] is (Atomic no.: Co = 27) 1M
(a) zero (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
8 Which of the following will have the maximum dipole moment? 1M
(a) CH3F (b) CH3Cl (c) CH3Br (d) CH3I
9 Phenol can be converted into salicylic acid by : 1M
(a) Etard reaction (b) Kolbe reaction
(c) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (d) Cannizzaro’s reaction
10 Which of the following compound is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition? 1M

11 In the following reaction, product ‘P’ is 1M

(a) RCH2OH (b) RCOOH (c) RCHO (d) RCH3

12 Sweetest of all sugars is: 1M
(a) Glucose (b) Lactose (c) Sucrose (d) Fructose
13 Assertion : During electrolysis of CuSO4 (aq) using copper electrodes, copper is dissolved at anode 1M
and deposited at cathode.
Reason : Oxidation takes place at anode and reduction at cathode.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true
14 Assertion : The order of a reaction can have fractional value. 1M
Reason : The order of a reaction cannot be written from balanced equation of a reaction
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true
15 Assertion : SN2 reaction of an optically active aryl halide with an aqueous solution of KOH always 1M
gives an alcohol with opposite sign of rotation.
Reason : SN2 reactions always proceed with retention of configuration.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true
16 Assertion : Vitamin D cannot be stored in our body 1M
Reason : Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin and is excreted from the body in urine.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true

SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The followingquestions
are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each
17 How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of 2M
1. 1 mol of H2O to O2?
2. 1 mol of FeO to Fe2O3 ?
18 1)Explain, why Cu+ is diamagnetic but Cu2+ paramagnetic 2M
2)Why is the highest oxidation state of a metal exhibited in its oxides or fluorides only?
19 Explain as to why 2M
(i) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water.
(ii) Grignard’s reagent should be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
20 Write the following Electrophilic substitution reaction for aniline. 2M
(i) Bromination
(ii) Nitration
21 Write the reactions involved when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents: 2M
(a) HCN (b) Br2 water
(Or)
(a)Name the bases present in RNA. Which one of these is not present in DNA?
(b)What do you understand by the term glycosidic linkage?

SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The followingquestions
 are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 Limiting molar conductivities of NH4Cl, NaOH and NaCl are respectively 129.8, 217.4 and 108.9 S 3M
2 -2 2 -1
cm and the molar conductivity of 10 M solution of NH4OH is 9.33 S cm mol . Calculate the
degree of dissociation of NH4OH. [Conductivity of 0.01 M KCl = 0.14114 Sm-1]
23 Calculate the emf of the following cell at 250C 3M

24 Account for the following: 3M

(i) Cu+ is unstable in an aqueous solution.
(ii) Transition metals form complex compounds
(iii) Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction.
25 Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement: 3M
(i) (a) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane (b) 1-Bromopentane (c) 2-Bromopentane
(ii) (a) 1-Bromobutane-3-methylbutane (b) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane (c) 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
(iii) (a) Bromobutane (b) 1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane (c) 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane (d) 1-
Bromo-3-methylbutane.
(or)
Predict the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides. With
sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identity the major alkene.
(i) 1-Bromo-1-methyl cyclohexane
(ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
(iii) 3-Bromo-2, 2, 3-trimethylpentane
26 Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated. 3M

1. CH3CHO, C6H5CHO, HCHO (reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction).

2. 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid, 4 methoxybenzoic acid, 4 nitrobenzoic acid(acidic character).
3. How can you distinguish benzaldehyde and acetophenone

27 3M

28 Define the following as related to proteins. 3M

(i) Peptide linkage
(ii) Primary structure
(iii) Denaturation
 SECTION D

The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and
carries 4 marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

29 Read the passage given below and answer the following questions : 4M
The half-life of a reaction is the time required for the concentration of reactant to decrease by half .
his means t1/2 is independent of initial concentration. Figure shows that typical variation of
concentration of reactant exhibiting first order kinetics. It may be noted that though the major
portion of the first order kinetics may be over in a finite time, but the reaction will never cease as
the concentration of reactant will be zero only at infinite time
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

(i) A first order reaction has a rate constant k = 3.01 x 10-3 is. How long it will take to decompose
half of the reactant?
(a) 2.303 s (b) 23.03 s (c) 230.3 s (d) 2303 s

(ii) The rate constant for a first order reaction is 7.0x 10-4 s-1. If initial concentration of reactant is
0.080 M, what is the half life of reaction?
(a) 990 s (b) 79.2 s (c) 12375 s (d) 10.10 x 10-4 s

(iii) For the half-life period of a first order reaction, which one of the following statements is
generally false?
(a) It is independent of initial concentration. (b) It is independent of temperature.
(c) It decreases with the introduction of a catalyst (d) None of these

(iv) The rate of a first order reaction is 0.04 mol L-1 s-1 at 10 minutes and 0.03 mol L-1 s-1 at 20
minutes after initiation. The half-life of the reaction is
(a) 4.408 min (b) 44.086 min (c) 24.086 min (d) 2.408 min
30 Amines constitute an important class of organic compounds derived by replacing one or more 4M
hydrogen atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/ aryl groups. Amines are usually formed from nitro
compounds, halides, amides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical
properties. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. In aromatic amines, electron
releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character.
Reactions of amines are governed by availability of the unshared pair or electrons on nitrogen.
Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type
of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary,
 secondary and tertiary amines. Reactivity of aromatic amines can be controlled by acylation
process. In the context of given passage, answer the following questions :
(i) Why does aniline not give Friedel-Crafts reaction?
(ii) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their pKb values :
C6H5NH2, NH3, C2H5NH2, (CH3)3N
(iii) How can you distinguish between CH3CH2NH2 and (CH3CH2)2 NH
(iv) Write the structures of A and B in the following reactions:

31 a)A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of 5M
water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.420C while pure water boils at 1000C What mass of
glycerol was dissolved to make the solution?
b) 1.02 g of urea when dissolved in 98.5 g of certain solvent decreases its freezing point by 0.211 K.
160 g of unknown compound when dissolved in 86.0 g of the same solvent depresses the freezing
point by 0.34 K. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown compound.
(Molar mass of urea = 60 g mol-1)
(or )
a)Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10-2 g of K2SO4 in 2L
of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol-1).
b) Define the following terms :
(i) Isotonic solutions
(ii) van’t Hoff factor
32 a)write the state of hybridization, shape and IUPAC name of the complex [CO(NH3)6]3+. (Atomic 5M
no. of Co = 27)
b)Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination compounds in
(i) Biological system
(ii) Analytical chemistry
(or)
(i)What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Ag(NH3)2][Ag(CN)2]?
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if Δ0 < P.
(iii) Write the hybridization and shape of [Ni(CN)4]2-
iv) Write down the IUPAC name of the following complex: [CO(NH3)5(NO2)](NO3)2
 (v) Write the formula for the following complex: Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II).
33 a)How will you convert the following? 5M
(i) Propan-2-ol to propanone.
(ii) Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol
b)Give reasons for the following:
(i) O-nitrophenol is more acidic than O-methoxyphenol.
(ii) Butan-l-ol has a higher boiling point than diethylether.
(iii) (CH3)3C—O—CH3 on reaction with HI gives (CH3)3C—I and,CH3—OH as the main products
and not (CH3)3C—OH and CH3—I
(or)
a)How do you convert the following:
(i) Phenol to anisole
(ii) Propan-2-ol to 2-methylpropan-2-ol
(iii) Aniline to phenol
b)Rearrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points:
CH3—CHO, CH3—CH2—OH, CH3—CH2—CH3
c)Which of the following isomers is more volatile: o-nitrophenol or p-nitrophenol?
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -4 2024-25
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)
1 1M

2 In solution containing A and B component showing negative A - A and B - B interactions are weaker 1M
than that of A - B interactions. For Such solutions.
ΔH = - ve
ΔV = - ve
Thus (d) is correct option.

3 (d) is correct option 1M

4 (c) is correct option 1M
5 K2Cr2O7 + 2NaOH → K2CrO4 + Na2CrO4 + H2O 1M
Thus (a) is correct option.
6 Mn: [Ar]3d54s2 1M
Shows +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 and +7 oxidation states.
Thus (c) is correct option.
7 Co here is in +3 oxidation state 1M
Unpaired electrons = 4 and sp3d2 hybridisation and octahedral shape.
Thus (d) is correct option.
8 CH3Cl has higher dipole moment than CH3F due to much longer C - Cl bond length than the C - F 1M
bond. The much longer bond length of the C-C bond outweighs the effect produced by lower
electronegativity of Cl than that of F.
Thus (b) is correct option.
9 1M

10 Presence of alkyl group in carbonyl compounds decreases their reactivity towards nucleophilic 1M
addition. Further greater the number of such groups lesser will be the reactivity towards nucleophilic
addition. Thus (b) is correct option
11 1M

Thus (c) is correct option.

12 Fructose is the sweetest of all natural sugar types. Fructose is somewhat sweeter, being rated at 1.7 1M
times the sweetness of sucrose. It is particularly effective at enhancing the flavour of fruit and berries.
Thus (d) is correct option.
13 At cathode : Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s) (Reduction) 1M
At anode : Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e- (Oxidation)
Thus (a) is correct option.
14 The order of a reaction can have fractional value. Assertion is true. 1M
The order of a reaction can not be written from balanced equation of a reaction because its value
changes with pressure, temperature and concentration. It can only be determined experimentally.
Thus the reason is also correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Thus (b) is correct option
15 Assertion if false, because aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution under ordinary 1M
conditions. This is due to resonance, because of which the carbon chlorine bond acquires partial
double bond character, hence it becomes shorter and stronger and thus cannot be replaced by
nucleophiles. Also, Reason is false because SN2 reactions proceeds with inversion of configuration.
Thus (d) is correct option.
16 Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin and can be stored in the body since it is not excreted out of the 1M
body. Thus (d) is correct option
17 1+
1M

18 i) The electronic configuration of 1+

Cu+ = 1s2 , 2s2 , 2p6 , 3s2 , 3p6 , 4s0 , 3d10 and 1M
Cu2+ = 1s2 , 2s2 , 2p6 , 3s2 , 3p6 , 4s0 , 3d9
In Cu+ ion, all electrons are paired. Hence, Cu+ is diamagnetic in nature. Whereas, Cu2+ has one
unpaired electron thus, shows paramagnetic character.
ii)Because of small size and high electronegativity O and F can oxidise the metal to the highest
oxidation state.
19 (i) Alkyl halides cannot form H-bonds with water, therefore, immiscible with water. 1+
(ii) It is because the Grignard reagent reacts with water to form alkane, therefore, should be prepared 1M
in absence of water, i.e. anhydrous conditions.
20 1+
1M

21 1+
1M

(or)
a)The bases present in RNA are adenine (A),\ guanine (G) cytosine (C) and Uracil (U).
Uracil is not present in DNA.
b)In disaccharides or polysaccharides, monosaccharides are joined together by an oxide linkage
formed by loss of a water molecule. Such a linkage between two monosaccharide units through
oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage.
22 3M

23 3M

24 (i) It is because hydration energy of Cu2+ overcomes 2nd ionisation enthalpy, that is why Cu+ 1+
changes to Cu2+ and Cu. 1+
2Cu+ —–> Cu2+ + Cu 1M
(ii) It is due to their small size, high charge and availability of vacant d-orbitals
(iii) 5f orbitals have poor shielding effect than 4f orbitals, therefore, effective nuclear charge is more
in actinoids than lanthanoids.
25 1+
1+
1M

26 1. C6H5CHO < CH3CHO < HCHO 1+

2. 4-methoxybenzoic acid < 4-nitrobenzoic acid < 2, 4-dinitrobenzoic acid 1+
3. Haloform test 1M

27 1+
1+
1M

28 Peptide Linkage : Proteins are condensation polymers of a -amino acids, these amino acids are 1+
connected by peptide bond or peptide linkage. Chemically peptide linkage is an amide formed 1+
between -COOH group of one amino acids and -NH2 group of the other amino acid by loss of a 1M
molecule of water.
(ii) Primary Structure (1°) : Proteins may have one or more polypeptide chains. Each polypeptide in a
protein has amino acids linked with each other. The specific sequence in which the various a -amino
acids forming a protein are linked to one
another is called its primary structure.
(iii) Denaturation : When a protein is subjected to physical changes such as change in temperature,
pH etc. hydrogen bonds are broken. Due to cleavage of hydrogen bonds, unfolding of protein
molecule occurs and the protein loses in biological activity. This loss of biological activity is called
 denaturation. The coagulation of egg white on boiling is common example of denaturation
29 (i)c 1+
(ii)a 1+
(iii)b 1+
(iv)c 1+
M
30 i)lewis acid AlCl3 form acomplex with NH2 group and make it deactivate toward aromatic 1+
electrophilic substitution reactiona 1+
ii)C2H5NH2 <CH3)3N<NH3<C6H5NH2 2M
iii)Hinsberg test
(iv)aniline and 2,4,6tribromoaniline
31 2
a) ½
+2
½
M

b)
 (or)

(i)

b) (i)Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called Isotonic
solutions.
(ii)van’t Hoff factor is expressed as :
i = normal molar mass / abnormal molar mass

32 a)d2SP3, Octahedral , Hexaaminecobalt(III)) 1+

b)Biological System : Biologically important coordination compounds are: +1
(a) Chlorophyll is a coordination compound of Magnesium. +1
(b) Haemoglobin of blood is a coordination compound of Iron. +1
(c) Vitamin B12 is a coordination compound of Cobalt. +1
(ii) Analytical Chemistry : M
(a) Presence of Co2+ ion is tested by K3 [Fe(CN)6] .
(b) Presence of Fe3+ ion is tested by K4 [Fe(CN)6] .
(c) In volumetric analysis the solutions of metal ion can be titrated against the solution of the
polydendate ligands like EDTA.

(i)Coordination isomerism
(ii) t32g e1g
 (iii) dsp2, square planar.
(iv) Pentaammine nitrito-N-cobalt(III) nitrate
(v) K2[Ni(CN)4]
33 5M

b)
(i) O-Nitro phenoxide ion is more stable than O-methoxy phenoxide ion.
(ii) Butan-l-ol is associated with intermolecular H-bonding whereas diethyl ether is not.
(iii) It is because tert. carbocation is more stable which combines with I- to form Tert. butyl iodide
and methanol

(or)
a)

b)CH3CH2CH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH.

c)o-nitrophenol is more volatile

 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -5 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
c) SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
e) SECTION D consists of 2 case- based questions carrying 4 marks each.
f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
g) All questions are compulsory.
h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1. An electrochemical cell can behave like an electrochemical cell when---------
(a)E cell =0 (b) E cell > E ext (c) E ext> E cell (d) E cell = E ext
2. Which of the following statement is not correct for catalyst?
(a) It catalyses the forward and backward reaction to the same extent
(b) It alters ∆ G of the reaction.
(c) It is a substance that does not change equilibrium constant of a reaction.
(d) It provides an alternate mechanism by reducing activation energy between reactants and
products.
3. When initial concentration of a reactant is doubled in a reaction, its half life period is not
affected. The order of the reaction is:
(a) zero (b) first (c) second (d) more than zero but less than first
4. Which one of the following shows highest magnetic moment?
(a) Fe2+ (b) Co2+ (c) Cr3+ (d) Ni2+
5. The complex having minimum ∆0 value
(a) [Co(NH3)6]3+ (b) [Cr(H2O)6]3+ (c) [Cr(CN)6]3- (d) [CoCl6]3-

6. Aprimary alkyl halide would prefer to undergo:

(a) SN1 reaction (b) SN2 reaction (c) α-elimination (d) racemization
7. Consider the followingcompounds:
C6H5NH2 C6H5CH2 NH2 C6H5 CH2 CH2 NH2
I II III
What is the correct order of basicity of the above compounds
(a) I > II > III (b) III> I >II (c) III > II >I (d) I > III > II
8. Amines thatcan not be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is
(a) benzylamine (b) aniline (c) methylamine (d) iso-butylamine
9. HCHO was treated with a reagent X. The product formed upon hydrolysis in the presence of
an acid gave C2H5OH. The reagent X is :
 (a) Aqueous KOH (b) alcoholic KOH (c) CH3MgI (d) alcoholic KCN
10. When phenol is heated with excess of bromine water, it gives :
(a) m-bromophenol (b) o- and p-bromophenol
(c) 2,4-dibromophenol (d) 2,4,6-Tribromophenol
11. The molar conductivities of KCl, NaCl, and KNO3 are 152,128 and 111 Scm2mol-1
respectively. What is the molar conductivity of NaNO3?
(a) 101Scm2 mol-1 (b) 87 Scm2 mol-1 (c) -101 Scm2 mol-1 (d) -391 Scm2 mol-1
12. An organic compound A’ upon reacting with NH3 gives B’. On heating B gives C’ C in
presence of KOH reacts with Br2to give CH3CH2NH3 ”A’’ is :
(a) CH3CH2COOH (b) CH3COOH (c) CH3CH2CH2COOH
(d) (CH3) 2CHCOOH
ASSERTION REASON TYPE QUESTIONS (Q.No. 13-16)
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is false
13. Assertion :Amines are more basicthan esters and ethers.
Reason:Nitrogen is less electronegative than oxygen. It is in better position to accommodate
the positive charge on the proton.
14. Assertion :The boiling point of alcohols is higher than hydrocarbons of comparable
molecular mass
Reason:Alcohols show intramolecular hydrogen bonding
15. Assertion :All naturally occurring α-aminoacids except glycine are optically active.
Reason:Most naturally occurring amino acids have L- configuration
16. Assertion :Transition metals have high melting points.
Reason:Transition metals have completely filled d-orbitals
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following
questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood
cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution? (ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
18. Define the terms: (a)Anomers (b) Invert sugar
OR
What happens when D-glucose is treated with : (i) HI (ii) HNO3
19. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Grignard reagent should be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
(ii) Ethyl iodide undergoes SN2 reaction faster than ethyl bromide.
OR
(a) Arrange the given set of compounds in the increasing order of the boiling points
Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane.
(b) Chloroform is stored in closed dark coloured completely filled bottles. why?
20. Calculate the time to deposit 1.5 g of silver at cathode when a current of 1.5 A is passed
through the solution of AgNO3
21. (i) what type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 ?
(ii) On the basis of Crystal Field Theory write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if ∆o> P.
 SECTION C

This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22. (i) Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whose pH is 10.
(ii) Predict the products of electrolysis when:
(a) an aqueous solution of AgNO3 is electrolysed using silver electrodes.
(b) a dilute solution of H2SO4 using platinum electrodes.
23. (a) The structure of nickel complex,[Ni(CN)4]2- is
(b) .(i) Write down the IUPAC name of the complex : [Co(NH3)5(NO2)](NO3)2
(ii) Write the formula of the complex Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II)
24. .(i) Give reason for the following:
(a) o-nitrophenol is more steam volatile than p-nitrophenol.
(b) Phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution more easily than benzene.
(ii) Give equation for the reaction when phenol is treated with conc. HNO3.
25. .(i) Write the equations involved in the following reactions:
(a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (b) Kolbe’s reaction
(ii) Dipole moment of phenol is smaller than that of methanol.Why?

26. Write the structure of major product in each of following reaction :

a) (CH3) 3C-Br +KOH →
b) CH3CH=C (CH3)2 + HBr →
c) CH3CH2 CH2 CH2 -Br + NaI →

OR
a) What products will form when chlorobenzene reacts with ? (give chemical equation)
i) Na in presence of ethar ii) CH3-Cl /anhyd AlCl3
b) Why Grignard reagent should be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
27. a) Name the linkage connecting monosaccharide units in polysaccharides.
(b) Name the vitamins that are stored in liver and adipose tissues. (any two)
(c) Differentiate between peptide linkage and glycosidic linkage.Give two points.
28. In a galvanic cell the following reactions take place
2Cr(s) +3Cd2+ → 2Cr3+ + 3Cd(s)
Eo Cr3+/Cr = -0.74 V ;Eo Cd2+/Cd =-0.40 V
Calculate (a)the standard cell potential (b)the standard Gibbs Free Energy change ∆G0
(c) Equilibrium constant (kc) [Antilog 0.501=3.17]
SECTION D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice
and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
that follow.
29. In a reaction, the rates of disappearance of different reactants or rates of formation of
different products may not be equal but rate of reaction at any instant of time has the same
value expressed in terms of any reactant or product. Further, the rate of reaction may not
depend upon the stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced chemical equation. The exact
powers of molar concentrations of reactants on which rate depends are found
experimentally and expressed in terms of ‘order of reaction: Each reaction has a
 characteristic rate constant depends upon temperature. The units of the rate constant
depend upon the order of reaction
Answer the following questions:
a. The rate constant of a reaction is found to be
3 x10-3mol-2L2 sec-1. What is the order of the reaction?
b. Rate of a reaction can be expressed by following rate expression, Rate = k [A]2[B], if
concentration of A is increased by 3 times and concentration of B is increased by 2 times,
how many times rate of reaction increases?
c. The rate of a certain reaction is given by, rate = k [H+]m. The rate increases 100 times when
the pH changes from 3 to 1. What is the order (n) of the reaction ?

OR
In a chemical reaction A + 2B → products, when concentration of A is doubled, rate of the
reaction increases 4 times and when concentration of B alone is doubled rate continues to be
the same. What is the order of the reaction ?

30. Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, imides, etc. They
exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines a
combination of electron releasing, steric and hydrogen bonding factors influence the
stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the
basic nature of amines. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups,
respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Influence of the number of
hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is
responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary
amines. Presence of amino group in aromatic ring enhances reactivity of the aromatic
amines. Aryl diazonium salts provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides,
cyanides, phenols and arenes by reductive removal of the diazo group
Answer the following questions:
a. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their pkb, values in aqueous solution:
C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N.
b. Aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline, though amino group is
o/p directing. why?
c. An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular ‘Formula C7H6O2 on treatment with aqueous
ammonia and heating forms compound ‘B’. Compound B’ on heating with Br2 and aqueous
KOH gives a compound ‘C’ of molecular formula C6H7N. Write the structures of A, B and C
OR
(i) Complete the following reactions giving main products:
(a) C6H5NH2 + Br2 (aq) →
(b) C6H5N2 +Cl- react with (𝑖)𝐻𝐵𝐹4 (𝑖𝑖)𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂2−𝐶𝑢
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. Two questions
have an internal choice.
31. (a) A hydrocarbon ‘A’, (C4H8) on reaction with HCl gives a compound ‘B’, (C4H9Cl),
which on reaction with 1 mol of NH3 gives compound ‘C’, (C4H11N). On reacting with
NaNO2 and HCl followed by treatment with water, compound ‘C’ yields an optically active
alcohol, ‘D’. Ozonolysis of ‘A’ gives 2 mols of acetaldehyde. Identify compounds ‘A’ to
 ‘D’. Explain the reactions involved.
(b) Give a chemical test to distinguish between aniline and ethylamine
OR
(a)Complete the reaction →(i) C6H5NH2 + CHCl3 + alc.KOH →
(ii) C6H5N2 +Cl- + KI →
(b) Convert (i) 2-phenylpropanamide into 2-phenylethanamide?
(ii) An aryl nitro compound to an amine
(iii) benzene diazonium chloride to phenol
32. (i) Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How does a change in
temperature influence their values?
(ii) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0 g
of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1 , molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g mol-1 )
OR
(a) Define the following terms: (i) Mole fraction (ii) Van’t Hoff factor 169 (b) 100 mg of a
protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0 mL of a solution. If this solution has an
osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C, what is the molar mass of protein? (R = 0.0821 L
atm. mol-1 K -1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm)
33. (a) When chromite ore, FeCr2O4, is fused with NaOH in the presence of air, a yellow
coloured compound (A) is obtained, which on acidification with dilute sulphuric acid gives
a compound (B). Compound (B) on reaction with KCl forms an orange coloured crystalline
compound (C).
(i) Write the formulae of the compounds (A), (B) and (C).
(ii)Write one use of compound (C).
(b) Account for the following:
(a)The transition metals and their compounds act as good catalysts.
(b)The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic,whereas the highest is amphoteric/acidic.
OR
(a) Write the preparation of following: (i) KMnO4 from K2MnO4
(ii)Na2CrO4 from FeCr₂O4
(iii) Cr2O72- from CrO4 –
(b) Assign suitable reasons for the following:
(i) The Mn2+ compounds are more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state.
(ii) In the 3d series from Sc (Z = 21) to Zn(Z = 30) the enthalpy of atomisation of Zn is the
lowest
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -5 (2024-25)
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

SECTION A
Q1 to Q16 each correct answer 1 mark Marks
1. (c) E ext.> E cell 1
2. (b) It alters ∆ G of the reaction. 1
3. (b) first 1
4. (a) Fe2+ 1
5. (d) [CoCl6]3- 1
6. (b) SN2 reaction 1
7. (c) III > II >I 1
8. (b) aniline (As aryl halides do not undergo SN reactions) 1
9. (c) CH3MgI 1
10. (d) 2,4,6-Tribromophenol 1
11. (b) 87 Scm2 mol-1 1
12. (a) CH3CH2COOH 1
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 1

14. (c) A is true but R is false. 1

15. (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A. 1
16. (c) A is true but R is false. 1
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in two questions.
Q17 to Q21 each correct carries 2 marks.
17. (i) Water will flow out of the cell and they will shrink as 1.2 % sodium ½
chloride solution ½
is hypertonic
(ii) Water will flow into the cell and they will swell as 0.4 % sodium
chloride solution is 1
hypotonic.
18. (a)Anomers-Glucose exist in two stereoisomeric forms. In the aqueous solution 1
,these two forms are in equilibrium through the intermediate open chain form.In 1
the α-D-glucose the -OH group at C1 is towards right while in β-D-glucose the -
OH group at C1 is towards left. Such pair of stereoisomers which differ in
configuration only around C1 are called anomers.
(b) Invert sugar- Hydrolysis of sugar brings about a change in sign of rotation
from dextro (+) to laevo (-) and the product formed is called invert sugar.
OR
(i) D-Glucose with HI gives n-Hexane (correct chemical equation)
(ii) D-Glucose with HNO3 gives Saccharic acid (correct chemical equation)
19. (i) Grignard reagent reacts with moisture present in apparatus or the starting
material to give alkane(hydrocarbon) 1
RMgX + HOH → R-H +Mg(OH)X
(ii) I-ion because of its bigger size and lower electronegativity is a better leaving
 group than Br- ion. 1
OR
(i)Chloromethane<Bromomethane<Dibromomethane< Bromoform,
(ii) Chloroform is slowly oxidized by air in the presence of light to an extremely
poisonous gas carbonyl chloride(phosgene)
2CHCl3+O2 light→ 2COCl2 +2HCl
20. At Cathode Ag+(aq)→Ag(s) 1
108g 96500 C
Therefore 1.05 g of silver is deposited by passing 1
charge=96500x1.5/108=1340.27C
Time to deposit 1.5 g of Ag=Q/I=1340.27/1.5 =893.51s or 14.85min
21. (i) Solvate isomerism 1
(ii) Electronic configuration is t2g 4 eg0 or by diagram. 1

SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in two questions.
Q 22 to Q 28 each correct carries 3 marks.
22. ½
½
½+½

(b)

23. (a) Square planar (b) (i) Pentaamminenitrito-N-cobalt(III) nitrate 2

(ii) K2[Ni(CN)4]
1
24. (i) (a) o-Nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding
while p-nitrophenol is less volatile due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
(b) The -OH group attached to benzene ring is highly activating group.The lone
pair on oxygen is delocalized into benzene ring and makes the phenol more
electron rich than benzene.
(ii) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol is formed.
1

1
 ½+½
25. (i) (a) Reimer Tiemann Reaction
OH 1
ONa OH
CH3Cl + Na OH CHO CHO
H+
1
1
(b) Kolbe’s Reaction
OH OH
ONa
Na OH i) CO2 COOH

ii) H+

(ii) In phenol (1.54 D),C-O bond is less polar due to electron withdrawing effect
of benzene ring, whereas in methanol (1.71D)C-O bond is more polar due to
elctron releasing effect of -CH3 group.

26. i) 2-methyl propene ½+½

ii) 2-bromo,2-methyl butane ½+½
iii) 1-iodo butane 1
OR
i) Diphenyl 1
ii) 1-chloro2-methy benzene
iii) Grignard reagent has more affinity towards acidic hydrogen 1+1
containing compounds
27. (a) Glycosidic linkage. 1
(b) Vitamin A,D,E,K
(c) Peptide linkage is found between amino acids for their linkage,it is between - 1
COOH & --NH2 functional group forming –CONH- linkage
Glycosidic Linkage-It links monosaccharide units and there is –O—linkage. 1
28. 1
1
1

SECTION D
Case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and
carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each.
29. i ) by the rate constant units it is 3rd order reaction 1
ii ) Rate = k [A]2[B]
Rate = k [3A]2[2B]
Rate increased by 18 times 1
Iii ) rate = k [H+]m
rate = k [10-3]m 1
 rate = k [10-1]m
so order of the reaction is 1 1
OR
m n
Rate = k [A] [B]
4R = k [2A]m[B] n 1
R = k [A]m[2B] n 1

Order with respect to A is 2, order with respect to B is 0

Overall order of the reaction is 2
30. (a) (C2H5)2NH2< (C2H5)3N< C2H5NH2
(b) Aniline in acidic medium gets protonated to form anilinium ion which
is meta directing. 1
(c) A= C6H5COOH B= C6H5CONH2 C= C6H5NH2
(OR) a) 2,4,6-tribromoaniline
(b) C6H5NO2 1
1
1
SECTION E
Long answer type and carry 5 marks each. Two questions have an
internal choice.
31. A gives two moles of CH3CHO on ozonolysis
A = CH3-CH=CH- CH3 1
CH3-CH=CH- CH3+HCl → CH3-CH2-CH(Cl)- CH3 1
B = CH3-CH2-CH(Cl)- CH3 1
CH3-CH2-CH(Cl)- CH3+𝑁𝐻3→ CH3-CH2-CH(NH2)-CH3 1
C= CH3-CH2-CH(NH2)- CH3 1
CH3-CH2-CH(NH2)- CH3
𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂2+𝐻𝐶𝑙+𝐻2𝑂→ CH3-CH2-CH(OH)- CH3
D = CH3-CH2-CH(OH)- CH3 optically active
(b) Azo dye test

OR
(a) (i) C6H5NH2 + CHCl3 + alc.KOH → C6H5NC+KCl+H2O 1
(ii) C6H5N2Cl + KI → C6H5I + KCl 1
(b) (i)NaOH /Br2 1
(ii)H2/Ni or any other reducing agent. 1
(iii) C6H5N2Cl +H2O 1
32. Molality is the number of moles of solute per 1000 g of solvent, whereas 1
molarity is the number of moles of solute per 1000 ml of the solution.
Molality
is represented as m, whereas molarity is represented as M.
Molarity changes with change in temperature because of change in volume. 1
On
the other hand, there is no effect of temperature on the molality of the
solution.
ΔTb = i Kb×1000×W2 W1×M2
 NaCl dissociates as: NaCl → Na+ + Cl– ∴ i = 2 1
W2 = 15.0 g, W1 = 250.0 g, M2 = 58.44 g mol-1 Kb = 0.512 K kg mol-1 .
∴ ΔTb = 2 × 0.512 × 1000 × 15.0 / 250.0 × 58.44 = 1.05°C ½x4
∴ Boiling point of solution = 100 + 1.05 = 101.5°C
OR
(i) (a) Mole fraction is the ratio of number of moles of one component to the
total number of moles In a mixture. 1
For example, in a binary mixture containing n1 and n2 moles of two
components, Mole fraction of one component, x1 = n1 / n1 +n2
Mole fraction of second component, x2 = n2 / n1 +n2 1
(b) van’t Hoff factor is the ratio of the normal molar mass to the observed or
abnormal molar mass of a solute in a solution due to association or
dissociation.
(c) 13980.45gm
1

1
1
33.
(a) When chromite ore FeCr2O4 is fused with NaOH in presence of air, a
yellow coloured compound obtained is sodium chromate Na2CrO4 (A). 1
FeCr2O4 +NaOH+O2→ Na2CrO4+Fe2O3+H2O 1
This chromate with acidification with H2SO4 forms sodium dichromate 1
(B), sodium sulphate and water. 1
Na2CrO4+H2SO4→Na2Cr2O7+Na2SO4+H2O ½
Sodium dichromate with KCl forms an orange crystalline compound ½
potassium dichromate (C) .
Na2Cr2O7+KCl→K2Cr2O7+NaCl
Use of( C) in making chromic acid or in volumetric analysis
(b) Due to variable oxidation state and tendency to provide suitable
surface for reaction.
(c ) In low oxidation state of the metal , some of the valence electrons of
the metal atom are not involved in bonding. Hence it can donate electrons
and behave as a base. On the other hand, in higher oxidation state of the
metal, valenceelectrons are involved in bonding and are not available
(OR)
(i) K2Mno4+Cl2→KMnO4 + KCl
FeCr2O4+NaOH+O2→ Na2CrO4+Fe2O3+H2O
(iii ) CrO4 2-+H+→Cr2O7 2-
(b) (i) Half-filled and fully-filled orbitals are more stable. Therefore,
Mn in (+2) state has a stable d 5 configuration. Fe2+ has 3d 6
configuration and by losing one electron, its configuration changes
to a more stable 3d 5 configuration. Therefore Fe2+easily gets
oxidized to Fe3+oxidation state.
(c) (ii) Due to the absence of unpaired electrons, the inter-atomic
electronic bonding is the weakest in Zn and as a result, it has the
least enthalpy of vapourisation
************************
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -6 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
c) SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
e) SECTION D consists of 2 case- based questions carrying 4 marks each.
f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
g) All questions are compulsory.
h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct
answer. Each question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this
section.
1. Phenol reacts with Br2 in CS2 at low temperature to give
(a) o-Bromophenol (b) o-and p-Bromo phenols (c) p-Bromophenol
(d) 2, 4, 6Tribromophenol
2. In the reaction (CH3)2 CH-CH=CH2 +HBr → A ,The compound A (major) is
(a) 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane (b) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane
(c) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane (d) 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane
3. Which of the following ion is colourless:
a) Fe+2 b)Zn+2 c) Mn+2 d) Ni+2
4. If limiting molar conductivity of Ca+2 and Cl– are 119.0 and 76.3 S cm2 mol-1, then
the value of limiting molar conductivity of CaCl2 will be:
(a) 195.3 S cm2 mol-1 (b) 271.6 S cm2 mol-1
(c) 43.3 S cm2 mol-1 (d) 314.3 S cm2 mol-1
5. A reaction is first order w.r.t A and second order w.r.t B. What will be the change
in rate of reaction if concentration of both A and B is doubled:
a) increases 4 times b) decreases 4 times c) increases 8 times d) no change
6. Which of the following is most basic in nature:
a) aniline b) ammonia c) p-toluidine d) dimethyl amine
7. Which type of isomerism is shown by the complex compounds. [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4
and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br ?
(a)Ionisation (b) Linkage (c) Co-Ordination (d) Optical
8. Tert-Butyl methyl ether on heating with HI gives a mixture of
(a) tert-Butyl alcohol and methyl iodide. (b) tert-Butyl iodide and methanol
(c) Isobutylene and methyl iodide (d) Isobutylene and methanol.
9. Methyl amine and dimethyl amine can be distinguished by which test:
a) nitrous acid test b) isocyanide test c) azo dye test d) Hinsberg‘s test
10. Which of these compound will not undergo aldol reaction:
 a) ethanal b) methanal c) propanone d) butanone
11. The unit of the rate of reaction is the same as that of the rate constant for a –
(a) Zero order reaction (b) Second order reaction (c) first order reaction
(d) half order reaction
12. . Which of the following cannot reduce Fehling‘s solution?
(a) Formic acid (b) Acetic acid
(c) Formaldehyde (d) Acetaldehyde
ASSERTION REASON TYPE QUESTIONS (Q.No. 13-16)
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is false
13. Assertion: Zn is not considered as a transition element.
Reason: These elements do not belong to d block of periodic table.
14. Assertion: Vitamin C is needed regularly in diet.
Reason: Vitamin C is water soluble
15. Assertion : Phenol has a lower pka value than ethanol .
Reason: Phenoxide ion is resonance stablised
16. Assertion : Ethanol has higher boiling point than ethanamine.
Reason: There is no intermolecular H bonding in alcohol
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in two questions. The
following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid ( C6H8O6) to be dissolved in 75 g of acetic acid
to lower its melting point by 1·5°C. (Kf for CH3COOH) = 3·9 K kg mol-1)
18. Define : a) Peptide bond b) glycosidic bond
OR
What happens when glucose is treated with a) bromine water b) conc HNO3
19. Give reason why :
a) aryl halides has less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution than alkyl halides.
b) The product formed during SN1 reaction is a racemic mixture.
OR
Complete the following equation: 2(CH3)2CH-Cl + 2 Na(in dry ether) 
20. Write the reaction at anode,cathode and overall cell reaction for lead accumulator
cell.
21. Give suitable chemical equation for :
a) Cannizzaro reaction b) Hell Volhard Zelinsky reaction
SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in two questions. The
following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22. Calculate the emf of the cell in which the following reaction takes place: (given log
4=0.6021)
Ni(s)+2Ag+ (0.002 M)  Ni2+ (0.160 M)+2Ag(s) Given that Eo cell= 1.05 V
23. The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L-1 methanoic acid is 46.1 S cm2 mol-1.
Calculate its degree of dissociation and dissociation constant (Given
λ°(H+)=349.6 S cm2 mol-1and λ°(HCOO-) = 54.6 S cm2 mol-1)
24. Predict product for following cases:
 i) CH3CH=CH2 + H20 (conc H2SO4) 
ii) C6H5OH + CHCl3 + conc NaOH 
iii) CH3 CH 2OC(CH3)3 + HI 

25. Give reason why : a) Aniline does not undergo Friedel Craft reaction.
b) Aromatic amines can not be prepared by Gabriel Pthalimide reaction.
c) pkb value of aniline is more than that of methylamine
26. (a)Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes ‗pernicious anaemia‘.
(b) Name the protein and its shape present in oxygen carrier in human body.
(c) What type of linkage is present in nucleic acid?
OR
(i) what is the correct structure of D- (+) – glucose?
(ii) Glucose on oxidation with HNO3 give a dicarboxylic acid called saccharic acid.
What does this result indicate?
(iii) The pentaacetate of glucose does not react with H2N-OH what does this result
indicate.
27. What will be formed when
(i) benzene diazonium chloride is treated with Cu in HCl
(ii) Ethyl chloride is treated with KCN,
(iii) 2-bromopentane is treated with alcoholic KOH?
28. (a) How many ions are produced from [Co(NH3)2Cl]Cl2 in solution
(b) Using IUPAC name write formula for
i) tetrahydroxo zincate(II)
ii)potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II)
SECTION D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an
internal choice and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully
and answer the questions that follow.
29. In first- order reaction in which the rate- limiting step is the protonation of the
reactant, the sorption of the reactant dominates the rates. Identical intrinsic rates
of reactions were observed for the cracking of alkanes over zeolites of different
structure types and after post-synthesis treatments. Compensation relations were
observed, which shows that the differences in kinetic parameters are caused by
the sorption characteristics of the reactants. A better fit between reactant and pore
wall increases the heat of absorption, and decreases the apparent reaction barrier.
180 Reactions that depend on the stability of the adsorbed reactive intermediates
will have a different dependence on zeolite structure and Si/Al ratio, which is
shown by the kinetic parameters of the dehydrogenation of alkanes. There is no
simple dependence of zeolitic acid strength and the rate of reaction in either of
these types of reactions.
Answer the following questions:
i) Give the example of first order reaction.
ii ) Plot the graph between log [R]0/[R] vs time(t) for a first order reaction.
iii) (a) Give the mathematical expression for the half-life of a first order reaction and
also give the unite of rate constant.
(b) Time required to decompose SO2 Cl2 to half of its initial amount is 60 min.
If the decomposition is a first order reaction, calculate the rate
 constant of the reaction.
OR
A first order reaction takes 40 min for 30% decomposition calculate the rate
constant.
30. Amines are derivatives of ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogens has
been replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. For the naming of Amines in the IUPAC
system: the ―e‖ ending of the alkane name for the longest chain is replaced with –
amine. The amine group is located by the position number. Groups that are
attached to the nitrogen atom are located using ―N‖ as the position number. More
complex primary amines are named with —NH2 as the amino substituent.
Aromatic amines: named as derivatives of the parent compound aniline.
Substituents attached to the nitrogen are indicated by using ―N-‖ as the location
number
Answer the following questions:
i). Write the correct IUPAC name of (CH3)3N?
(ii) What is the correct IUPAC name of H2N-(CH2)5-NH2?
(iii) IUPAC name of product formed by reaction of methyl amine with two moles
of ethyl chloride

OR
How many structural isomers are possible for C3H9N?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. Two
questions have an internal choice.
31. Answer any five
i). What type of intermolecular attractive interaction exists in the pair of methanol
and acetone?
ii) Mention two important applications of Henry‘s law
iii) What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult‘s law?
iv) Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which
one of the two gases will have the higher value of KH (Henry‘s constant)
v) How does sprinkling of salt help in clearing the snow-covered roads in hilly
areas?
vi) The vapour pressure of solvent gets lowered, when a non- volatile solute is
added to it. Why?
vii) What happens when red blood cells are placed in 0.1% NaCl solution?
32. a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between compounds in the following pairs of
substances :
(i) Ethanal and Propanal (ii) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(b) ) An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with
dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of
(C) with chromic acid also produced (B). On dehydration (C) gives but-1-ene.
Identify A,B and C Write the equations for the reactions involved
OR
a. Distinguish between phenol and benzoic acid
b. Convert ethanal to but-2-en-1-al
c. Write the structural formula of 3-oxo pentanal
 d. Arrange the following in increasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic
addition reaction CH3CHO, C6H5CHO, HCHO
e. Compare the strength of benzoic acid, 4-methoxy benzoic acid and 4-nitro
benzoic acid
33. How would you account for the following?
(i) With the same d-orbital configuration (d4 ) Cr2+ is a reducing agent while Mn3+ is
an oxidizing agent.
(ii) The actinoids exhibit a larger number of oxidation states than the corresponding
members in the lanthanoid series.
(iii) Most of the transition metal ions exhibit characteristic colours in aqueous
solutions.
Complete the following reactions:
iv)Cr2O7 -2 + H+ + Fe+2
v)Mno4- + C2O4 2_ + H+ 
OR
a. Why is Cr reducing and Mn oxidising when both have d4 configuration?
2+ 3+

b. Calculate the magnetic moment of a divalent ion in aqueous solution if its atomic
number is 25
c. How does the acidified permanganate solution react with iron(II) ions
d. Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from iron chromite ore.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -6 (2024-25)
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

SECTION A
Q1 to Q16 each correct answer 1 mark Marks
1. b 1
2. a 1
3. b 1
4. b 1
5. c 1
6. d 1
7. a 1
8. b 1
9. b 1
10. b 1
11. a 1
12. b 1
13. c 1
14. a 1
15. a 1
16. c 1
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in two questions.
Q17 to Q21 each correct carries 2 marks.
17. 1

18. a)amide linkage between two amino acids 1

b) linkage between two monosachharide units 1
OR
a) gluconic acid is formed 1
b) sachharic acid is formed 1
19. a) due to sp2 hybrid C atom,greater steric repulsion.higher
electronegativity of C,partial double bond nature 1
b) intermediate involved is trigonal planar carbocation
1
OR
(CH3)2CH-CH(CH3)2 1
1
20. Reaction at anode: 1
 Pb(s) + SO4 2-(aq)→PbSO4(s)+2e –
Reaction at cathode: 1
−
PbO2(s) + SO4 (aq)+4e +2H →PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
2- +

The overall reaction :

Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + H2SO4(aq)→2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
21. a) 2HCHO+NaOH→CH3OH+HCOOH 1
b) RCH2COOH + X2(red P)  RCH(X)COOH 1
SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in two questions.
Q 22 to Q 28 each correct carries 3 marks.
22. 1

1
23. 1

24. a) propan-2-ol 1
b) salicaldehyde 1
c) methanol + t-butyl iodide 1
25. .a)aniline forms salt with AlCl3.
b) aryl halides don’t undergo nucleophilic substitution with anion formed 1
by phthalimide
c) due to delocalization of lone pair of electron on nitrogen in aniline
1
1
26. (a) Deficiency of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) causes the disease 1
pernicious anaemia. 1
(b) Globular protein and its shape is spherical 1
(c )Phosphodiester linkage.
OR
(ii) Glucose on oxidation with HNO3 gives saccharic acid, This indicates 1
the presence
of a one primary alcoholic (-OH) group in glucose. 1+1
(iii) The pentaacetate of glucose dose not react with Hydroxylamine
which shows the
absence of free Aldehydic (---CHO) group.
27. a) C6H5Cl 1
b) CH3CH2CN
 c) pent-2-ene 1

1
28. (a) 3 1
(b) i)[Zn(OH)4]2- ii) K2[Ni (CN)4] 1
1
SECTION D
Case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and
carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each.
29. (i) All natural and artificial radioactive decay of unstable nuclei takes 1
place by first order kinetics.
Hydrogenation of ethene and decomposition of N2O5 and N2O are also the
example of first 1
order reactions.
(ii) If we plot a graph between log[R0] / R0] vs t we get a straight line 1
with the slope = K/2.303
1
(iii) a. for first order reaction, t1/2 = 0.693 𝑘 And unit of k is s
-1

(b) rate constant (k) = 0.0693/ 60 min = 1.925 x 10 -4 s -1 1

OR 1
[R0]=100, [R]=100 – 30 – 70, t = 40min k= 2.303/t log [R0]/[R] =
2.303/40 log 100/70 = 2.303/40 * 0.1548 :. k = 8.91 * 10-3 min -1
30. (i) N,N-dimethylmethanamine 1
(ii) Pentane 1,5-diamine 1
(iii) N-Ethyl N-Methyl Ethanamine 1
OR 1
4
SECTION E
Long answer type and carry 5 marks each. Two questions have an
internal choice.
31. i) Solute-solvent dipolar interactions exist in the pair of methanol and
acetone. 1
ii) * To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and soda water, the
bottle is sealed under high pressure.
* To avoid a dangerous medical condition called bends, scuba divers use 1
oxygen diluted with less soluble helium gas.
iii) In positive deviations, the partial vapour pressure of each component A
and B of a solution and the total pressure of the solution is higher than the 1
vapour pressure calculated from Raoult’s law. For example, Water and
Ethanol.
iv) Gas (B) will have higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) than Gas (A) 1
at the same temperature
v) The phenomenon involved in the melting of snow on snow-covered
roads is the depression in the freezing point which is caused by the 1
addition of non volatile impurities to a liquid. The addition of salt (sodium
chloride) lowers the freezing point temperature of the water and thus,
helps in the melting of snow.
 vi) When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the surface area for
escape of solvent molecules decreases and vapour pressure gets lowered.
vii) Water from NaCl solution passes into cells &they swell. Finally they
will burst
32. i) iodoform test 1
ii) sodium bicarbonate test
b)

½x4

OR
a.Phenol + neutral FeCl3 violet colouration
Benzoic Acid + Na2CO3 Evolution of CO2 or brisk effervescence 1
b.

c.
1
d. C6H5CHO< CH3CHO < HCHO 1
e. 4-methoxy benzoic acid < benzoic acid < 4-nitro benzoic acid 1
33.
a) Cr is stable in d3 state(t2g 3) but Mn is stable in +2 state(d5)
b) due to comparable energies of 5f,6d and 7s orbitals in actinoids. 1
c) due to d-d transition (1m) 1
d) Cr2O7 -2 + 14H+ +6 Fe+2 →2Cr+3 + 6 Fe+3 + 7H2O 1
e)2 Mno4_ +5 C2O4 2-+16 H+ → 2Mn+2 + 8H2O + 10 CO2 1
OR 1
a. Cr is reducing as its configuration changes from d4 to d3 , the latter
2+

having a half-filled t2g level. On the other hand, the change from Mn3+ to
Mn2+ results in the half-filled (d5 ) configuration which has extra stability.
b. Divalent ion  3d5 So μ = [n(n+2)]½ = [5(5+2)]½ = 5.9 BM
c. MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
d. 4 FeCr2O4 + 8 Na2CO3 + 7O2 → 8 Na2CrO4 + 2Fe2O3 + 8CO2
2Na2CrO4 + 2 H+ → Na2Cr2O7 + 2 Na+ + H2O
Na2Cr2O7 + 2KCl K2Cr2O7+2NaCl
************************
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -7 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours
General Instructions:

a) All questions are compulsory.

b) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
c) Section A consists of 16 multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
d) Section B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
e) Section C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
f) Section D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
g) Section E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.
Q SECTION A Marks
No The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1 Correct statement about Osmotic pressure is 1
(i) Molar masses of biomolecules which are not stable at high temperature
(ii) Molar masses of polymers which have poor solubility
(iii)Molar masses of proteins
(iv)Molarity of the solution is used instead of molality
(a) i, ii & iii ( b) ii, iii & iv (c) i, ii & iv (d) i, ii, iii & iv
2 Which is not related to Henry’s law 1
(a) Sealing of soft drinks at high pressure
(b) At high altitudes
(c) better aquatic life in cold water
(d) Dissolution of salt in water
(a) a (b) b (c) c (d) d
3 For a given rate, the unit of rate and the rate constant are the same. 1

(a) zero order reaction (b) first order reaction (c) second order reaction (d) third order reaction

4 A plot is shown below between concentration and time t. Which of the given orders is 1
indicated by the graph
 (a) Zero Order (b) Second Order (c) First Order (d) Fractional Order
5 Which of the following lanthanoids show +2 oxidation state besides the 1
characteristic oxidation state +3 of lanthanoids?
(a) Ce (b) Eu (c) Tb (d) Ho
6 Which of the following pairs of ions are coloured? 1
3+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 6+ 7+ 4+ 4+
(a) Sc , Fe (b) Fe , Mn (c) Cr , Mn (d) Ti , V

7 The compounds [Co(SO4)(NH3)5]Br and [Co(SO4)(NH3)5]Cl represents 1

(a) Linkage isomerism (b) No isomerism
(c) Ionization isomerism (d) Coordination isomerism
8 Which of the following alkyl halides will undergo SN1 reaction most readily? 1
(a) (CH3)3C—I (b) (CH3)3C—Cl (c) (CH3)3C —Br (d) (CH3)3C —F
9 Which Compound is predominantly formed when phenol is allowed to react with bromine 1
in aqueous medium?
(a) Picric Acid (b) o-bromophenol (c)2,4,6-tribromophenol (d) p-bromophenol
10 Which of the following undergoes aldol condensation – 1
(a) HCHO (b) (CH3)3CCHO (c) C6H5CHO (d) CH3-CO-CH3

11 Which of the following orders of relative strengths of acids is correct? 1

(a) ClCH2 COOH > FCH2COOH > BrCH2COOH
(b) ClCH2COOH > BrCH2 COOH > FCH2COOH
(c) BrCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH > FCH2COOH
(d) FCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH > BrCH2COOH
12 The linkage repeated in a protein molecule is- 1
(a) An ester linkage (b) A glycosidic linkage (c) A peptide linkage (d) An ether linkage

In the Following questions a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement

of Reason(R). Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
 (c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13 Assertion: The cell potential of mercury cell is 1.35 V, which remains constant. 1

Reason: In mercury cell, the electrolyte is a paste of KOH and ZnO.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
14 Assertion: Molecularity has no meaning for a complex reaction. 1

Reason: The overall molecularity of a complex reaction is equal to the

Molecularity of the slowest step

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
15 Assertion: SCN- is an ambidentate ligand. 1

Reason: An ambidentate ligand contains two attachment sites and at a time only one
site can be used for bonding.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16 Assertion: A process that changes the physical and biological properties of proteins 1
without changing the chemical composition of protein is called denaturation.

Reason: It is caused by changes in pH, temperature, presence of salts etc.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
SECTION B

This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 The standard electrode potential (E°) for Daniel cell is +1.1 V. Calculate the ΔG° for the reaction 2
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) (1 F = 96500 C mol-1).
18 Complete the following chemical equations: 2
(i) Cr2O72- + H+ + I- →
(ii) MnO4- + NO2- + H+ →
19 Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement: 2

(i) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane

(ii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-

Bromo-3-methylbutane.

OR
In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which would undergo SN1 reaction
faster?
(i)

(ii)

20 Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength: 2

(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2 and (C2H5 )2NH
(ii) C2H5NH2 , (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2
21 What happens when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents? 2
(i) HI (ii) Bromine water

SECTION-C

This section contains 7 questions with internal choices in one question. The
following questions are short answer types and carry 3 marks each.
22 What type of battery is the lead storage battery? Write the anode and cathode 3
reactions and overall reaction occurring in a lead storage battery when current is
drawn from it. What happens on charging the battery?
23 Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid is 7.896 × 10–5 S cm–1. Calculate its molar 3
–1
conductivity. If Λ °
m
2
for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm mol , what is its dissociation
constant?
24 How would your account for the following 3
(i) The oxidizing power of oxyanions are in the order 𝑽𝑶𝟐+ < 𝑪𝒓𝟐𝑶𝟕 𝟐− < 𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟒−.
(ii) The third ionization enthalpy of manganese (Z = 25) is exceptionally high.
(iii) 𝑪𝒓𝟐+ is a stronger reducing agent than 𝑭𝒆𝟐+.
25 What happen when? 3
(i) Chlorobenzene is treated with 𝑪𝒍𝟐 /𝑭𝒆𝑪𝒍𝟑.
(ii) Ethyl chloride is treated with 𝑨𝒈CN.
(iii) 2-bromopentane is treated with alcoholic KOH?
Write the chemical equation in support of your answer.
26 (a) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following: 3
(i) Propanal and propanone
(ii) Benzaldehyde and acetophenone
(b) How would you obtain :
But-2-enal from ethanal?
OR
(a) Describe the following reactions giving a chemical equation in each case:
(i) Cannizzaro reaction
(ii) Decarboxylation reaction
(b) How would you obtain :
Butanoic acid frombutanol?

27 Account for the following: 3

(a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid.
(c) (CH3)2CH – CHO undergoes aldol condensation whereas (CH3)3C–CHO does
not.
OR
Write the reactions involved in the following:
(i) Etard reaction (ii) Stephen reduction (iii) Wolff-Kishner reduction
28 (i) Which one of the following is a disaccharide: 3
Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?
(ii) Write the name of vitamin whose deficiency causes bone deformities in child
(iii) Name the bases present in RNA. Which one of these is not present in DNA?
SECTION - D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal
choice and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the
questions that follow.
29 We have already noted that the concentration dependence of rate is called differential rate 4
equation. It is not always convenient to determine the instantaneous rate, as it is measured by
determination of slope of the tangent at point ‘t’ in concentration vs time plot (Fig. 4.1).
 (Fig. 4.1)
This makes it difficult to determine the rate law and hence the order of the reaction. In order to
avoid this difficulty, we can integrate the differential rate equation to give a relation between
directly measured experimental data, i.e., concentrations at different times and rate constant. The
integrated rate equations are different for the reactions of different reaction orders. We shall
determine these equations only for zero and first order chemical reactions.
1. Write the formula for integrated first order reaction?
2. Write the slope value obtained in the plot of log [Ro] / [R] Vs. time for a first order reaction.
3. Calculate the overall order of the reaction and units of rate constant whose rate law is given by
Rate = k[SO2]1/4 [O2]3/4
OR
Calculate the overall order of the reaction and units of rate constant whose rate law expression
was predicted as :
Rate =k[NO]3/2 [O2]1/2 .
30 Amines act as Lewis bases due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. They are 4
stronger bases than water and are, therefore, protonated by water in their aqueous solution. The
basic strength of amines are compared in terms of the equilibrium constant Kb, or pKb values are
explained below from the equilibrium representing the protonation of amine by water. larger the
value of Kb or smaller the value of pKb, more is the basic strength of amine.
The Kb and pKb values for some amines are given in the table below.
 1. Write the IUPAC name of Diethyl amine
2. Which tertiary amine have more basic nature?
3. Write the chemical equations involved in the following reactions:
(i) Hoffmann-bromamide degradation reaction
(ii) Carbylamine reaction
OR
(i) pKb value for aniline is more than that for methylamine.
(ii) Primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines.

SECTION – E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All
questions have an internal choice.
31 a) Write the differences between molarity and molality. 5
b) An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2 and 200 g of
water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of this solution be 1.072 g mL-1, what
will be the molarity of the solution?
OR
a) Define the following
(i) Elevation of boiling point
(ii) Depression of freezing point
b) Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63°C. How much sucrose is to be added to 500 g of
water such that it boils at 100°C.
32 (a) Write down the IUPAC name of the following complex: [𝑪𝒐(𝑵𝑯𝟑)𝟓𝑪𝒍]𝟐+ 5
(b) Write the formula for the following complex: Potassium tetrachloridonickelate(II).
 (c) For the complex [Ni(CO)4], write the hybridization type, magnetic character and spin of the
complex. (At. number: Ni = 28).
(d) Define ambidentate ligand with two examples.
OR
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for 𝒅𝟒 ion if
𝚫𝒐 > 𝑷.
(a) For the complex, [Ni(CN)4]2- write the hybridization, magnetic character and spin of
the complex. (At. Number: Ni = 28)
(b) What is meant by ‘Chelate ligand’? Give two examples.
33 a. What happens when 5
(i) Phenol is oxidized by Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4?
(ii) Ethyl bromide reacts with NaOC2H5?
Write the chemical equations involved in the above reactions.
b. How do you convert the following:
(i) Phenol to salicylic acid
(ii) 2-Methylpropene from 2-methylpropanol?
(iii) Acetophenone from phenol
OR
a. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Phenol is more acidic than methanol.
(ii) The C—O—H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle (190°28′).
(iii) (CH3)3C—O—CH3 on reaction with HI gives (CH3)3C—I and CH3—OH as the main
products and not (CH3)3C—OH and CH3—I. b.
b. Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Ethanol and Phenol
(ii) Propanol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -7 (2024-25)
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

Q SECTION A Marks
No
1 (d) i, ii, iii & iv 1

2 (d) Dissolution of salt in water 1

3 (a) 3 1
4 (c) First Order 1
5 (b) Eu 1
6 (b) Fe3+, Mn3+ 1
7 (c) Ionization isomerism 1
8 (a) (CH3)3C—I 1
9 (a) Picric Acid 1
10 (d) CH3-CO-CH3 1
11 (d) FCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH > BrCH2COOH 1
12 (c) A peptide linkage 1
13 (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1
14 (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1
15 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 1
16 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1
SECTION B

17 We know, ΔG° = -nF E°cell 2

Given : E°cell = 1.1 volt
∴ ΔG° = -2 × 96500 C mol-1 × 1.1 volt
= -212300 CV mol-1
= -212300 J mol-1 = -212.3 KJ mol-1
18 (i) Cr2O72-+ 14H++ 6I- → 2Cr3+ + 3 I2 + 7H2O 1+1
(ii) 2MnO4- + 6H+ + 5NO2- → 2Mn2+ + 5NO3- + 3H2O
19 The SN2 reactions reactivity depends upon steric hindrance. More the steric hindrance 1+1
slower the reaction. Thus the order of reactivity will be 1°> 2° >3°
i. Hence, the given set of compounds can be arranged in the increasing order of their
reactivity towards SN2 displacement as:
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane
ii. 1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane < 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-3-
methylbutane < 1-Bromobutane
OR
(i)

SN1 reaction proceeds via the formation of carbocation. The alkyl halide (I) is 3°
while (II) is 2°. Therefore, (I) forms 3° carbocation while (II) forms 2° carbocation.
Greater the stability of the carbocation, faster is the rate of SN1 reaction. Since 3°
carbocation is more stable than 2° carbocation. (I), i.e. 2−chloro-2-methylpropane,
undergoes faster SN1 reaction than (II) i.e., 3-chloropentane.
(ii)

The alkyl halide (I) is 2° while (II) is 1°. 2° carbocation is more stable than 1°
carbocation. Therefore, (I), 2−chloroheptane, undergoes faster SN1 reaction than (II),
1-chlorohexane.
20 (i) C6H5NH2 < NH3 < C6H5CH2NH2 < C2H5NH2 < (C2H5 )2NH 1+1
(ii) C6H5NH2 < C2H5NH2 < (C2H5)3N < (C2H5 )2NH

21 (i) When D-glucose is heated with HI for a long time, n-hexane is produced. 1+1
(ii) D-glucose is converted to D-gluconic acid when it is treated with Bromine water.

SECTION-C

22 A lead storage battery is a secondary battery, meaning it can be recharged by passing current in the 1+1/2
opposite direction. The anode and cathode reactions, and overall reaction in a lead storage battery
are: +1/2+1
/2+1/2
 When a lead storage battery is charged, the reaction reverses.

23 3

24 (i) The oxidation numbers of the central atoms in 𝑽𝑶𝟐+, 𝑪𝒓𝟐𝑶𝟕 𝟐− & 𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟒− are 1+1+1
+5,+6 & +7 respectively. Oxidizing character increase with increasing oxidation
numbers. Hence the oxidizing power of oxyanions are in the order 𝑽𝑶𝟐+ < 𝑪𝒓𝟐𝑶𝟕
𝟐− < 𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟒−.
(ii) Mn2+ has the configuration [Ar]3d5. With highly symmetrical configuration, the removal of
third electron is very difficult. Therefore, third ionization enthalpy of the metal is exceptionally
high.
(iii) Cr2+ is stronger reducing agent than Fe2+ Reason: d 4 → d 3 occurs in case of Cr2+ to Cr3+ But
d 6→d 5 occurs in case of Fe2+ to Fe3+ In a medium(like water) d 3 is more stable as compared to d5
25 (i) 1+1+1

(ii) When ethyl chloride is treated with silver cyanide (AgCN), the main product is ethyl
isocyanide
C2H5Cl + AgCN → C2H5NC + AgCl
(iii) 2-bromopentane is treated with alcoholic KOH to form 2-pentene.
26 ( a) (i) Propanal and propanone 1+1+1
Tollen’s reagent test: Propanal being an aldehyde reduces Tollen’s reagent to silver mirror but
propanone being a ketone does not.
CH3CH2CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3OH— CH3CH2 COO - + 2Ag(s) + 4NH3 + 2H2O
Propanal silver mirror
CH3COCH3 + Tollen'sreagent No silver mirror
(ii) Benzaldehyde and acetophenone
Iodoform test: Acetophenone being a methyl ketone on treatment with I2/NaOH
Undergoes Iodoform reaction to give yellow ppt. of iodoform but benzaldehyde does not.
C6H5COCH3 + 3NaOI C H3COONa - + CHI3
Acetophenone yellow ppt.
(b) Aldol condensation ∆

2CH3CHO NaOH CH3CHOH-CH2CHO > CH3CH=CHCHO

EthanalAldol But – 2 – enal

OR
(a) (i) Cannizzaro reaction: Aldehydes which do not have an α-hydrogen atom
undergoedisproportionation reactions on treatment with concentrated alkali to give a mixture
ofcarboxylic acid salt and alcohol.

2 HCHO HCOONa + CH3OH

Formaldehyde Sod.formate Methyl alcohol

(ii) Decarboxylation: Carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to form hydrocarbons when their
sodium salts are heated with sodalime.

RCOONa > RH + Na2CO3

(b) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH > CH 3CH2 CH2 COOH

27 (a) Because –COOH group present in aromatic carboxylic acids is an electron withdrawing group 1+1+1
causing deactivation of benzene ring. This results in the bonding of anhyd. AlCl3 with carboxyl
group. Hence electrophillic substitution i.e. Friedel-Crafts reaction does not occur in aromatic
carboxylic acids.
(b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid. pKa value of
 4-nitrobenzoic acid (3.41) is lower than that of benzoic acid (4.19). Lower is the pKa value,
greater is the acid strength. The electron withdrawing nitro (−NO2) group increases the acidity of
benzoic acid.
(c) (CH3)2CH – CHO undergoes aldol condensation whereas (CH3)3C–CHO does
not. Aldol condensation occurs due to presence of α -hydrogen. As (CH3)2CH-CHO has one α -H
atom whereas CH33C-CHO does not have α - H atom. Thus CH33CH-CHO undergoes aldol
condensation whereas (CH3)3C–CHO does not
OR
Write the reactions involved in the following:
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

28 (i) Maltose 1+1+1

(ii) Vitamin D
(iii) Bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. Uracil is not present in
DNA.
SECTION - D

29 1. 1+1+2

2. Slope = k/2.303
3. Order = 1
Units= s-1
OR
Order = 2
Units= L mol–1 s–1

30 1+1+2
1. N-Ethylethanamine
2. Trimethylamine
 3. (i) Hoffmann’s bromamide reaction: In this reaction, migration of an alkyl or aryl group
takes place from carbonyl carbon of the amide to the nitrogen atom. Therefore the amine so
formed has one carbon atom less than that of amide.

ii. Carbylamine reaction. This reaction is used to distinguish primary amines from 2° and 3°
amines as it is only given by 1° amines with the production of a very bad smelling organic
compound.

OR
(i) Higher the pKb value, lower will be the basicity therefore aniline is less basic than
methylamine because the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom gets delocalized over the
benzene ring are unavailable for protonation due to resonance in aniline which is absent in case
of alkylamine.
(ii) Due to presence of two H-atoms on N-atom of primary amines, they undergo extensive
intermolecular H-bonding while tertiary amines due to the absence of a H-atom on the N-atom,
do not undergo H- bonding. As a result, primary amines have higher boiling points than 3°
amines.
SECTION – E

31 a) Molarity based on volume of solution, while molality based on the mass of solvent. Molarity is 1+1+3
dependent on temperature, while molality is not.
b)

OR
 a) (i) Elevation of boiling point; Addition of non-volatile solute the volatile solvent increases the
boiling point of the solvent. The increasing in boiling point is called elevation of boiling point.
(ii) Depression of freezing point; Addition of non-volatile solute the volatile solvent decreases the
melting point of the solvent. The decrease in freezing point is called Depression of freezing point.

32 (a) Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) 1+1+1

(b) K2[NiCl4] +1
(c)

.
(i) Hybridization : sp3
Magnetic character : Diamagnetic
Spin nature of the complex : Low spin
(c) An ambidentate ligand is a ligand that can attach to a central metal atom through two different
atoms
(d)
Examples: CN- & SCN-
OR
(ii) The electronic configuration for 𝒅𝟒 ion if 𝚫𝒐 > 𝑷.is t2g4, eg0
(a) For the complex, [Ni(CN)4]2- write the hybridization, magnetic character and spin of
the complex. (At. Number: Fe = 26)
 (i) Hybridization : dsp2
Magnetic character : Diamagnetic
Spin nature of the complex : Low spin
(b) A chelating ligand is a compound that can form multiple bonds with a single metal ion.
Examples: Ethylenediamine (en) and Oxalate.
33 a. (i) Phenol forms benzoquinone on oxidation with Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4. 1+1+1
+1+1

(ii) Williamsons synthesis of an ethers: The reaction involves the nucleophilic substitution of the
halide ion from the alkyl halide by the alkoxide ion by SN2 mechanism.

b
i. Kolbe’s reaction: Phenol reacts with CO2 in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 4 – 7 Atm
and 390 – 410 K giving salicylic acid

ii.

iii.
 OR
a. i) Phenol is more acidic than methanol because in phenol, phenoxide ion formed is more
stabilized by resonance than phenol. There is no resonance in methanol.
(ii) The C—O—H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than tetrahedral angle due to repulsion
between the lone pairs of electrons of oxygen.
(iii) (CH3)3C+ is 3° carbo-cation which is more stable than CH+3 for SN1 reaction.
b.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -8 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours
General Instructions:

a) All questions are compulsory.

b) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
c) Section A consists of 16 multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
d) Section B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
e) Section C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
f) Section D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
g) Section E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.
Q SECTION A Marks
No The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1 IUPAC name of the following is 1

(a) 2-Hydroxy-4-Methyl anisole

(b) 2-Methoxy-5-methyl phenol
(c) 3-Hydroxy-4-Methoxy toluene
(d) 4-Methoxy-5-Hydroxy toluene
2 Which of the following sequence is used to prepare 𝛼-hydroxypropanoic acid from ethanal? 1
(a) Treatment with HCN followed by acidic hydrolysis.
(b) Treatment with NaHSO3 followed by reaction with Na2CO3.
(c) Treatment with H2SO4 followed by hydrolysis.
(d) Treatment with K2Cr2O7 in presence of sulphuric acid.
3 The correct order of increasing oxidizing power in the series is 1

(a) MnO4 – < Cr2O7 2− < VO2 +

(b) Cr2O7 2− < VO2 + < MnO4 –

(c) Cr2O7 2− < MnO4 – < VO2 +

(d) VO2 +< MnO4 – < Cr2O7 2−

4 While charging the lead storage battery, 1

(a) PbSO4 on cathode is reduced to Pb

(b) PbSO4 on anode is oxidized to PbO2

(c) PbSO4 on anode is reduced to Pb

(d) PbSO4 on cathode is oxidized to Pb.

5 Glucose when reduced with HI and red phosphorus gives 1
(a) n-pentane (b) 𝑛-heptane (c) 𝑛-hexane (d) n-octane.

6 When a mixture of sodium benzoate and soda lime is heated, it produces 1

1. (a) benzoate of calcium
2. (b) benzene
3. (c) sodium benzoate
4. (d) methane

7 A first order reaction has a rate constant 𝑘 = 3.01 × 10−3 /s. How long it will take to decompose 1
half of the reaction?
(a) 2.303 s (b) 23.03 s (c) 230.2 s (d) 2303 s
8 The number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)4 ]2− ion are 1
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
9 Which of the following compounds is not chiral? 1
(a) 1-Chloropentane
(b) 2-Chloropentane
(c) 2-Chloro-2-methylpentane
(d) 3-Chloro-2-methylpentane
10 Why is Fe3+ ion more stable than Fe2+ ion? 1
(a) more the charge on the atom, more is its stability

(b) configuration of Fe2+ is 3d6, while Fe3+ is 3d5

(c) Fe2+ has a larger size than Fe3+

(d) Fe3+ ions are colored hence more stable

11 Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acidic strengths : 1
 (a) I< II < III (b) III< II < I (c) III < I< II (d) II< I < III
12 Which of the following amines will not give carbylamine reaction? 1
(a) Ethyl amine (b) Phenyl amine (c) Methyl amine (d) Dimethyl amine

In the Following questions a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement

of Reason(R). Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
13 Assertion: Benzoic acid and phenol can be distinguished by NaHCO3. 1
Reason: Benzoic acid is stronger acid than phenol.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
14 Assertion: The backbone of DNA and RNA molecules is chain consisting of heterocyclic base 1
pentose sugar and phosphate group.
Reason: Nucleotides and nucleosides mainly differ from each other in presence of phosphate
group.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
15 Assertion: Oxalate ion is ambidentate ligand. 1
Reason: Oxalate ion has two donor atoms
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16 Assertion: All collisions of reactant molecules lead to product formation. 1
Reason: Only those collisions in which molecules have correct orientation and sufficient kinetic
energy lead to compound formation.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
 (d) A is false but R is true.

SECTION B

This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 a. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of solubility in water : 2
C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, C2H5NH2.

b. Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength :

C6H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, C6H5CH2NH2
18 Which one in the following pairs of substances undergoes SN2 substitution reaction faster and 2
why?

19 a. Name the deficiency diseases resulting from lack of Vitamins A and E in the diet. 2
b. Name the products of hydrolysis of sucrose.

20 Explain the following observations : 2

(i) Transition elements generally form coloured compounds.
(ii) Zinc is not regarded as a transition element.
21 A reaction is of first order in reactant A and of second order in reactant B. How is the rate of this 2
reaction affected when (i) the concentration of B alone is increased to three times (ii) the
concentrations of A as well as B are doubled?
OR
Identify the order of a reaction if the units of its rate constant are : (i) L-1 mol s-1 (ii) L mol-1 s-1

SECTION-C

This section contains 7 questions with internal choices in one question. The
following questions are short answer types and carry 3 marks each.
22 .Assign reasons for the following: 3
(i) Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous solution.
(ii) Actinoids exhibit greater range of oxidation states than lanthanoids.
(iii) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7 among the 3d series of transition
elements.
23 The rate of a reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 293 K to 313 K. 3
Calculate the energy of activation (Ea) of the reaction assuming that it does not change with
temperature. [R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1, log 4 = 0.6021]
24 Rearrange the compounds of each of the following sets in order of reactivity towards SN2 3
 displacement :
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) l-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methyl-butane, 3-Bromo-2-methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, l-Bromo-2,2-dimethyl-propane, l-Bromo-2-methylbutane
25 Calculate Ecell for the following reaction at 298 K 3
2Cr(s) + 3Fe2+ (0.01 M) → 2Cr3+ (0.01 M) + 3Fe(s)

Given: Eocell = 0.261 V (log 10=1,log 2=.3010)

26 Giving an example for each describe the following reactions: 3
(i) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction
(ii) Gatterman reaction
(iii) A coupling reaction .
27 (i)State Raoult’s law for solution containing volatile components. 3
(ii)Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which of the two gases
will have higher value of KH and why?
(iii) Explain why on addition of 1 mol glucose to 1 litre water the boiling point of water increases.
28 (i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes rickets? 3
(ii) Give an example for each of fibrous protein and globular protein.
(iii) Write the product formed on reaction of D-glucose with Br2 water
SECTION - D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal
choice and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the
questions that follow.
29 The primary place where alcohol is metabolized is the liver. Liver cells contain ADH, which 4
converts alcohol to acetaldehyde. Other enzymes in turn convert the acetaldehyde to carbon dioxide
and water, which are excreted from the body. If the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the rate at
which the alcohol can be metabolized, then the concentration of alcohol in the blood rises and the
individual may become intoxicated.
The effects of absorption, distribution, and elimination combine to produce a characteristic blood
alcohol curve (Figure 7). Immediately after a person drinks alcohol, the BAC rises sharply during
the absorption phase to a maximum that depends on the amount consumed. Typically, the greatest
alcohol concentration is reached 45–90 minutes after drinking. BAC then slowly declines due to
diffusion of alcohol into the body tissues as part of the distribution phase. Finally, BAC falls more
quickly during the elimination phase. Alcohol is removed from the body through the normal routes
of excretion as part of this process. During periods of high BAC, about 5 percent of the alcohol is
excreted in breath and another 5 percent in urine, with negligible amounts excreted in sweat and
feces.
 Figure 7 Blood alcohol concentration over time. Figure 8
Alcohol's effects are influenced by gender, body weight, and body type.
The shape of the blood alcohol curve is influenced by many factors including such variables as
body size, gender, build, amount and type of beverage ingested, duration of drinking, fatigue,
and the presence and type of food (Figure 8). These variables are also major determinants of
the timing and peak of the blood alcohol curve.
i) Which alcohol on passing over heated copper at 573K undergo dehydration?
ii) Name the alcohol which is highly poisonous?
iii) Ortho nitrophenol has lower boiling point than p-nitrophenol. Why?
OR
Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol. Why?
30 Some liquids on mixing, form azeotropes which are binary mixtures having the same 4
composition in liquid and vapour phase and boil at a constant temperature. In such cases, it is not
possible to separate the components by fractional distillation. There are two types of azeotropes
called minimum boiling azeotrope and maximum boiling azeotrope. The solutions which show a
large positive deviation from Raoult’s law form minimum boiling azeotrope at a specific
composition.
1. What is ideal solution?
2. Mixture of water and ethyl alcohol is azeotrope Why?
3. Mixture of water and nitric acid called maximum boiling azeotrope why?
OR
Mixture of water and nitric acid called maximum boiling azeotrope why?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All
questions have an internal choice.
31 (a) How is a double salt different from a complex? 5
(b) Write IUPAC names of the following :
(i) K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
(ii) [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4.
(c) Draw the structure of cis isomer of [CO(NH3)4Cl2]+
OR
 (i) Draw the geometrical isomers of complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2].
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if Δ0 < P.
(iii) Why a solution of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green while a solution of [Ni(CN)4]2- is colourless?
(iv) Write down the hybridization and magnetic character of the following complexes :
(i) [Ni(CO)4] (ii) [CoF6]-3 (Atomic number : Ni = 28, Co = 27)
32 (i) Zn rod is dipped in 0.01 M solution of zinc sulphate at 298k. Calculate the electrode potential of 5
zinc. ( Given E0 Zn2+/Zn = -0.76V log 10 = 1)
(ii) Calculate the mass of Cu deposited at cathode when a current of 2 ampere is passed through
copper sulphate solution for 15 minutes. [Given atomic mass of Cu = 63.5 g mol-1
(iii)Define fuel cell.
OR
(i)Explain with graph, the variation of molar conductivity of strong electrolytes with dilution.
(ii)Calculate Δ G° and log Kc of the following reaction:
Cd2+ (aq) + Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cd (s)
Given : E°Cd2+/Cd = -0.403, E°ZN2+/Zn = -0.763 V
33 a) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points: 5
CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CH3
b) Would you expect Benzaldehyde to be more reactive or less reactive in nucleophilic addition
reactions than propanal? Explain your answer.
c) 4-Nitro benzoic acid is more acidic than4-methoxy benzoic acid. Give reason. ( a,b,c are
CBQs)
d) Explain the following reaction
(i) Aldol condensation (ii) Etard reaction
OR
a) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acidity:
Benzoic acid, p-nitro benzoic acid, p-methyl benzoic acid
b) What happens when alkyl magnesium bromide reacts with dry ice
c)Write the reactions involved in the following:
i. Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction.
ii. Decarboxylation reaction.
iii. Wollf-Kishner reduction.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -8 (2024-25)
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

Q SECTION A Marks
No
1 (b) 2-Methoxy-5-methyl phenol 1
2 (a) Treatment with HCN followed by acidic hydrolysis. 1
3 (d) VO2 +< MnO4 – < Cr2O7 2− 1
4 (a) PbSO4 on cathode is reduced to Pb 1
5 (c) 𝑛-hexane 1
6 (b) benzene 1
7 (c) 230.2 s 1
8 (c) 0 1
9 (a) 1-Chloropentane 1
10 (b) configuration of Fe2+ is 3d6, while Fe3+ is 3d5 1
11 (d) II< I < III 1
12 (d) Dimethyl amine 1
13 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1
14 (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1
15 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1

16 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1

SECTION B

17 a. C6H5NH2 < (C2H5)2NH < C2H5NH2, 1+1

b. C6H5NH2 < C6H5NHCH3 < C6H5CH2NH2
18 1+1

19 a. Deficiency of Vitamin A causes Xerophthalmia and deficiency of Vitamin E causes Sterility. 1+1
b. Glucose and fructose are the products of hydrolysis of sucrose.

20 (i) Because of presence of unpaired d electrons, which undergoes d-d transition by absorption of 1+1
energy from visible region and then the emitted light shows complementary colours. This is how
transition elements form coloured compounds.
(ii) Zinc in its common oxidation state of +2 has completely filled d-orbitals. Hence considered as
non-transition element.
21 . r = K[A]1 [B]2 1+1
(i) When concentration of B increases to 3 times, the rate of reaction becomes 9 times
r = KA(3B)2 ∴ r = 9KAB2 = 9 times
(ii) r = K(2A) (2B)2 ∴ r = 8KAB2 = 8 times
OR
(i) Unit = L-1 mol s-1 → Zero order reaction
(ii) Unit = L mol-1 s-1 → Second order reaction.

SECTION-C
22 (i) Cu2+(aq) is much more stable than Cu+(aq). This is because although second ionization enthalpy 1+1+1
of copper is large but Δhyd (hydration enthalpy) for Cu2+(aq) is much more negative than that for
Cu+(aq) and hence it more than compensates for the second ionization enthalpy of copper.
Therefore, many copper (I) compounds are unstable in aqueous solution and undergo
disproportionation as follows :
2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu
(ii) Because of very small energy gap between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells all their electrons can take
part in bonding and shows variable oxidation states.
(iii) Manganese exhibits highest oxidation of +7 among 3d series of transition elements because all
the oxidation states are exhibited from +2 to +7 by Mn and no other element of this series shows
this highest state of oxidation.
23 3

24 (i) 1-Bromopentane > 2-Bromopentane > 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane 1+1+1

(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane > 3-Bromo-2 methylbutane > 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane > 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane > 1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane.
25 3

.
26 (i) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction : When amide is treated with bromide in alkaline solution, an 1+1+1
amide yields an amine containing one carbon less than the starting amide.

(ii) Gatterman reaction: When benzene or its derivative is treated with carbon monoxide and
hydrogen chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride or cuprous chloride, it gives
benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehyde.

(iii) A coupling reaction : Arene diazonium salts react with highly reactive aromatic compounds
such as phenols and amines to form brightly coloured azo compounds.
Ar – N = N – Ar. This reaction is known as coupling reaction.
27 (i) It states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component in 1+1+1
the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.
(ii) According to Henry’s law higher the value of kH lower is the solubility hence Gas B will have
higher value of KH
(iii)Glucose is a non-volatile solute, therefore, addition of glucose to water lowers the vapour
pressure of water as a result of which boiling point of water increases.
28 i) Deficiency of Vitamin D causes rickets. 1+1+1
(ii) Fibrous protein ➝ α-keratin
Globular protein ➝ Insulin

SECTION - D

29 i. Tertiary alcohol 1+1+2

ii. methanol
iii. Ortho-nitrophenol has lower boiling point due to formation of intramolecular H-bonding
whereas p-nitrophenol forms intermoleeular H-bonding.
OR
NO2 group is an electron withdrawing group while methoxy group is electron donating in nature.
The release of H+ is easier from O-nitrophenol while it is difficult from O-methoxyphenol.
30 1. The solutions which obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration are known as 1+1+2
ideal solutions.
2. Its mixture having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase and boil at a constant
temperature. In such cases, it is not possible to separate the components by fractional
distillation. Hence they are called azeotropes.
3. Its mixture have large negative deviation from raoult’s law
OR
Its mixture have large positive deviation from raoult’s law
SECTION – E
31 (a) Double salt dissociates completely into its constituent ions in their aqueous solution. 2+2+1
Example : KCl.MgCl2.6H2O dissociates into K+, Cl–, Mg2+ and H2O
Complex does not dissociate into its constituent ions.
Example : K4[Fe(CN)6] → 4K+ + Fe(CN)6]4-

(b) (i) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] IUPAC name : Potassium trioxalatoferrate (III)

(ii) [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4 IUPAC name : Hexaammine Platinum (IV) chloride

(c) Structure of cis isomer of [CO(NH3)4Cl2]+

OR

(i).
1+1+1
+2

(ii) Electronic configuration for d4 ion if Δ0 < P is t2g3eg1 (high spin complex is formed)
(iii) [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is an outer orbital complex due to weak field ligand H2O and the presence of
unpaired electrons undergoes d—d transition by absorbing red light and shows green colour while
[Ni(CN)4]2- is an inner orbital complex and has no unpaired electrons hence colourless.
(iv) (i) Hybridisation : sp3
Magnetic character: Diamagnetic.
(ii) Hybridisation : sp3d2
Magnetic character : Paramagnetic.

32 (i) E Zn2+/Zn = E0Zn2+/Zn- 0.0591/2(log1/Zn2+) 2+3

= - 0.76- 0.0591/2(log 1/0.01)
= - 0.819 V
(ii) Q = It = 2x 15 x60 = 1800 C
 Mass of copper = (63.5x1800)/(2x96500)
= .59g
(iii) A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell which converts chemical energy of combustion of fuels
into electrical energy.
Example: H2 – O2 fuel cell.
OR
(i) Molar conductivity of strong electrolyte increase with dilution due to decrease in interionic
attractions.
Graph

(ii) ΔGo= -nFE0cell

E0cell = -0.403-(-0.763)
= 0.36 V
ΔGo = 2x96500x0.36
= -69480 J/mol
ΔGo = - 2.303 RT log K
Log K = -69480/(2.303 x 8.314x 298)

= -12.17
33 a) CH3CH2CH3>CH3OCH3> CH3CHO >CH3CH2OH 1+1+1
b) Propanal is more reactive towards nucleophilic reaction because carbon atom in propanal is +2
more electrophilic than benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde undergoes resonance.
c) Because nitro group is electron withdrawing which stabilizes carboxylate anion and ease
the releasing of proton.
d) (i)

(ii)

OR
a) p-methylbenzoicacid> benzoicacid > p-nitrobenzoicacid
b) Carboxylic acid is formed

c) (i)

(ii)

(iii)
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -9 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours
Max. Marks:70 Time: 3 hours
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
Q NO QUESTION Ma
rks
1 Isotonic solutions must have the same ______________. 1
(a) solute (b) volume (c) osmotic pressure (d) concentration
2 Which one of the following pairs will form an ideal solution? 1
(a) Chloroform and acetone (b) Ethanol and acetone
(c) 𝑛�-hexane and 𝑛�-heptane (d) Phenol and aniline
3 Which of the following solutions will have the highest conductivity at 298 K? 1
(a) 0.01MHCl solution (b) 0.1MHCl solution
(c) 0.01MCH3COOH solution (d) 0.1MCH3COOH solution
4 For the reaction, 𝐴� + 2𝐵� → 𝐴�𝐵�2, the order w.r.t. reactant 𝐴� is 2 and 1 w.r.t. reactant 𝐵�. 1
What will be change in rate of reaction if the concentration of 𝐴� is doubled and 𝐵� is halved?
(a) increases four times (b) decreases four times (c) increases two times (d) no change
5 The rate of a chemical reaction doubles for every 10° C rise to temperature. If the 1
temperature is raised by 50° C the rate of reaction increased by about
(a) 10 times (b) 24 times (c) 32 times (d) 64 times
6 The coordination number of Co in the complex [Co(en)3]3+ is: 1
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 5
7 Which of the following belongs to the class of Vinyl halides? 1
(a) CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-Cl (b) CH2=C(Br)-CH3 (c) CH2=CH-CH2-Br (d) HC≡C-Br
8 Compared to haloalkanes, the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution 1
 reactions is
(a) low (b) high (c) very high (d) equal
9 The major product of acid catalysed dehydration of 1-methylcyclohexanol is: 1
(a) 1-methylcyclohexane (b) 1-methylcyclohexene
(c) 1-cyclohexylmethanol (d) 1-methylenecyclohexane
10 Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling points: 1
A: Butanamine, B: N,N-Dimethylethanamine, C: N- Ethylethanamine
(a) C < 𝐵� < 𝐴� (b) A < B < C (c) A < C < B (d) B < C < A
11 Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol in weakly alkaline medium to give: 1
(a) p-hydroxyphenol (b) p-Hydroxyaxobenzene (c) Biphenyl ether (d) Benzene
12 Glucose on reaction with Br2 water gives: 1
(a) saccharic acid (b) hexanoic acid (c) gluconic acid (d) salicylic acid
13 Assertion: Order of the reaction can be zero or fractional. 1
Reason: Order is determined experimentally and molecularity is the sum of the
stoichiometric coefficient of rate determining elementary step.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
14 Assertion: [Ni(CN)4]2- is square planar and diamagnetic. 1
Reason: It has no unpaired electrons due to the presence of a strong ligand.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
15 Assertion: The boiling points of alkyl halides decrease in the order RI> RBr> RCl>RF 1
Reason: The boiling points of alkyl chlorides, bromides and iodides are considerably higher
than that of the hydrocarbon of comparable molecular mass.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
16 Assertion(A): Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia. 1
Reason(R): Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
 b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are
very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 Differentiate between following: 1+1
(A) Amylose and Amylopectin (B) Globular and Fibrous protein
18 For a reaction A + B→P, the rate is given by rate= k[A] [B]2 1+1
i) How is the rate of a reaction affected if the concentration of B is double?
ii) what is the overall order of the reaction if ‘A’ is present in large excess?
19 A first order reaction takes 40 minutes for 30% decomposition. Calculate half Life t1/2. 2
Given: log10= 1, log7 = 0.8451
20 What happens when (write reactions involved) 1+1
(a) Phenol is warmed with CHCl3 in the presence of aqueous NaOH.
(b) Phenol is heated with zinc dust.
21 (i) What is cause of anoxia at high altitude? 1+1
(ii) Why do scuba divers take air diluted with helium?
OR
Give Reason:
(i) Cooking in pressure cooker is faster than in pan.
(ii) RBC’S shrink when placed in saline water but swell in distilled water.
SECTIONC
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 A solution containing 3.1 g of BaCl2 in 250 g of water boils at 100. 083°C. Calculate the 3
Van’t Hoff factor and molality of BaCl2 in this solution. (Kb for water 0. 52 Kkgmol-1, molar
mass of BaCl2= 208 .3g mol-1.)
23 (i)State Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions. 1+2
(ii) Calculate the degree of dissociation (α) of CH3COOH if λm and λ0m of CH3COOH are
48 Scm2 mol-1 and 400 Scm2 mol-1 respectively.
24 10. Give reasons for the following- 1+1
a) Transition elements act as catalysts. +1
b) Cu(I) ion is not known in aqueous solution.
c) CrO is basic but Cr2O3 is amphoteric.
OR
How would you account for the following:
 a) Zr and Hf have almost similar atomic radii.
b) Transition elements form coloured compounds.
c) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine it shows the
highest oxidation state of +4
25 How do you convert the following 1+1
(i) Toluene to benzylalcohol +1
(ii) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
(iii) Benzylalcohol to 2-phenylethanoicacid
26 Give reason why- 1+1
(i) Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction than Alkyl halides +1
(ii) Chloromethane react with KCN to form ethanenitrile as the main product but with
AgCN, it forms methyl carbyl amines.
(iii) Alkyl chloride react with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in
presence of alcoholic KOH leads to formation of alkenes.
27 a) Predict the products of following reactions: 1+1
CH3COONa  NaOH / CaO,
 +1
ii) CH3CH 2COOH 
Cl
2 , red p h o sp h o ros u

i)
b) Why does methanal not give aldol condensation while ethanal gives?
28 i) Explain the following reactions: 1+1
+0.5
(a) Gabriel Phthalimide reaction (b) Hoffmann bromamide degradation
+0.5

ii) Identify A and B.

SECTION D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice
and carries 4 (2+1+1) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
that follow
29 Information regarding the sequence of nucleotides in the chain of a nucleic acid is called its
primary structure. Nucleic acids have a secondary structure also. James Watson and Francis
Crick gave a double strand helix structure for DNA. Two nucleic acid chains are wound
about each other and held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases. The two
strands are complementary to each other because the hydrogen bonds are formed between
specific pairs of bases. Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine whereas cytosine forms
hydrogen bonds with guanine. In secondary structure of RNA single stranded helix is present
which sometimes folds back on itself. RNA molecules are of three types and they perform
different functions. DNA is the chemical basis of heredity and may be regarded as the
 reserve of genetic information. DNA is exclusively responsible for maintaining the identity
of different species of organisms over millions of years. A DNA molecule is capable of self-
duplication during cell division and identical DNA strands are transferred to daughter cells.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Name the segment of DNA which acts as the instrumental manual for the synthesis of 1

proteins.
(b) Name the chemical change in DNA that leads to the synthesis of proteins with different 1

amino acids.
(c) (i) Write the sequence of chemicals present in nucleic acids. 1+1

(ii) What are the different types of RNA found in the cell?
OR
Write the main functional differences between DNA and RNA. Of the four bases name those
which are common to both DNA and RNA.
30 Transition elements are elements that have partially filled d-orbitals. The configuration of
these elements corresponds to (n - 1) d1-10 ns1-2. It is important to note that the elements
mercury, cadmium and zinc (are not considered transition elements because of their
electronic configurations, which corresponds to (n - 1) d1-10 ns2. Some general properties of
transition elements are: These elements can form coloured compounds and ions due to d-d
transition; These elements exhibit many oxidation states; A large variety of ligands can bind
themselves to these elements, due to this, a wide variety of stable complexes formed by these
ions. The boiling and melting point of these elements are high. These elements have a large
ratio of charge to the radius.
a) Zn is soft whereas Cr is hard. Give reason? 1

b) Explain why transition metals show higher oxidation state with oxygen as compare to 1

fluorine?
c) Why Zn, Cd and Hg have low melting and boiling point? 2

OR
The enthalpies of atomization of transition elements are high. Give reason?
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer types and carry 5 marks each. All questions
have an internal choice.
31 Observe the table carefully and answer the questions that follow 1+1
+3
Compound Colour Moles of AgCl Total no. of ions
formed from 1 mol produced
of compound
(A)CoCl3.4NH3 Violet 1 2
 (B)CoCl3.5NH3 Rose 2 3
(C) CoCl3.3NH3 Blue green 0 0
i. Write the formula of Compound B
ii. What is the primary and secondary valences of cobalt in compound A
iii. Draw geometrical isomers of compound A, C and identify their names.
OR
(i) Write IUPAC name of [CoBr2(en)2]Cl.
(ii) Draw structures of geometrical isomers of [Mabcd] and identify them as cis and trans
1+2
forms. +1+
3+
(iii) The Complex [Ti(H2O)6] is a coloured compound. Justify. 1

(iv) Explain [Co(NH3)6]3+is an inner orbital complex whereas [CoF6]3-is an outer orbital
complex.
32 a) The standard electrode potential of Danial cell is 1.1V. Calculate the standard Gibbs 2+2
+1
energy for the cell reaction. Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Cu (s) + Zn 2+ (aq)
b) Predict whether the following reaction would occur spontaneously at 298 K .
Co(s) + Fe2+ (aq)  Co 2+ + Fe(s)
Given [Co 2+] = 1.0M [Fe2+] = 1.0M
E0 Fe2+/Fe = -0.44V
c) Given the standard electrode potentials
K+ /K= - 2.93V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80V, Hg2+/Hg =0.79V, Mg 2+ /Mg = - 2.37 V,
Cr 3+ /Cr = - 0.74V. Arrange these metals in their increasing order of reducing power.
OR
a) How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of
(i) 1 mol of H2O to O2 (ii) 1 mol of FeO to Fe2O3?
2+2
b) Define the electrical conductivity and molar conductivity of a solution and write the units
+1
of molar conductivity
c) What are the fuel cells?
33 2+3

a)
b) Explain the following reactions with equation –
(i) Cannizzaro reaction (ii) Aldol condensation (iii) Rosenmund reaction
OR
a) How can you convert the following-
(i) ethanal into ethanoic acid (ii) ethanal into ethanol (iii) ethanoic acid into ethanol
3+2
b) Distinguish the following pair of compounds
a) Propanal and Propanone b) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -9 (2024-25)
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
Q NO ANSWER Marks
1 C 1
2 C 1
3 B 1
4 C 1
5 C 1
6 B 1
7 B 1
8 A 1
9 B 1
10 B 1
11 B 1
12 C 1
13 B 1
14 A 1
15 B 1
16 B 1
17 (i) a: Amylose is an unbranched chain polymer of D-glucose units. Amylopectin is a 1+1
branched chain polymer of D-glucose units.
b: Amylose gives a dark blue/black colour when iodine solution is added while
amylopectin gives a reddish-brown colour when iodine solution is added.
(ii) a: Fibrous proteins are generally composed of long and narrow strands and have a
structural role whereas globular proteins generally have a more compact and rounded
shape and have functional roles
b: Fibrous proteins are generally insoluble in water such as keratin, while globular
proteins are usually soluble in water such as insulin.
18 Rate= k[A] [B]2 ; Rate r’= k[A] [2B]2 New Rate=4×k[A] [B]2 = 4r’ 1+1
If concentration of B is double the rate of reaction becomes 4 times.
ii) If A is present in large excess, the rate law becomes r = k1 [B]2 where k1 = k [A]
Thus the overall order of reaction is two.
19 𝐾=
2.303 [𝑅]
. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( [𝑅]0 ), t= 40 min. 𝐾=
2.303 100
. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 70 ) =
2.303
. (𝑙𝑜𝑔10 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔7) = 2
𝑡 𝑡 40 40

0.00891 K =8.91 ×10-3 min-1

0.693 0.693
𝑡1/2 = = = 77.78 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐾 0.00891
20 a) 1+1

b)

21 (i) Low concentration of oxygen in blood and tissues at higher altitude causes people 1+1
weak and unable to think clearly due to anoxia.
(ii) To avoid bends (pains) as well as toxic effect of high concentration of N2 in blood (as
N2 is more soluble in blood than Helium.)
OR
(i) Inside pressure cooker there is increase in pressure so the boiling point of water
increases leading to faster cooking than in pan.
(ii) In saline water due to exosmosis the RBC’s loses water while in distilled water due to
endosmosis there is entry of water in the RBC’s and so they swell
22 3

23 (i) Kohlrausch law: It states that the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is equal 1+2
to the sum of the individual contributions of the cations as well as anions of the
electrolyte. Because ions move independently at infinite dilution.
Λ 48
(ii)Degree of dissociation (α ) = Λ𝑚
0 = 400 = 0.12 =0.12 x 100 = 12 %
𝑚

24 a) Due to their variable oxidation states and large surface area. 1+1+1
b) In aqueous solution copper (I) undergoes disproportionation reaction.
2Cu+ (aq) → Cu2+ + Cu (s). The highest stability of Cu2+ ion in aqueous solution is due
 to negative enthalpy of hydration.
c) Oxidation states of Cr in CrO is +2, While that in Cr2O3, +3. As the oxidation number
of a metal increases, its acidic character increases due to decrease in the size of the metal
ion and increase in charge density.
OR
a) The atomic radii of zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) are similar because of lanthanoid
contraction
b) Transition metals form-colored compounds due to the presence of vacant d-orbitals
and by the d-d transition of electrons.
c) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen because it can form pπ−dπ
multiple bonds using 2p orbital of oxygen and 3d orbital of Mn. On the other hand,
Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +4 with fluorine because it can form a single
bond only.
25 (i) 1+1+1

(ii)

(iii)

26 (i) Aryl halide are less reactive because its C-X bond has partial double bond character 1+1+1
due to resonance.
(ii) Because KCN is ionic while AgCN is covalent in nature.
(iii)Because aq. KOH contains OH - ions which are strong nucleophiles but Alc. KOH
contains alkoxide ions which are stronger base and will remove H+.
27 a) (i) CH4 (ii)CH3CH(Cl)COOH 1+1+1
b) This is because only those compounds which have α-hydrogen atoms can undergo
aldol reaction. Ethanal possesses α-hydrogen and undergoes aldol condensation.
Methanal has no alpha hydrogen atoms hence does not undergo aldol condensation.
28 (a) Gabriel Phthalimide reaction 1+1+0.5
+0.5

(b) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction: Primary amines can be prepared by treating an

amide with Br2 in an aqueous or alcoholic soln of NaOH.

ii) A= C6H5N2+Cl- B= C6H5F

29 (a) Gene 1

(b) Mutation 1

(c) (i)Phosphate- sugar-base (ii) m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA 1+1

OR
DNA is the chemical basis of heredity and RNA molecules are responsible for protein
synthesis. Common bases in DNA and RNA Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine.
30 a) Cr (3d54s1) has five unpaired electrons in its d-orbitals whereas Zn (3d104s2) has no 1

unpaired electrons in its d-orbitals. As a result of this weak metallic bonds exist in Zn
whereas strong metallic bonds exist in Cr. Hence, Zn is soft whereas Cr is hard.
b) Ability to stabilize higher oxidation states by oxygen is due to form multiple bonds 1

with metal.
c) All the electrons in d-subshell are paired. Hence, the metallic bonds present in them 2

are weak.
OR
Because of large number of unpaired electrons in their atoms, transition elements have
stronger interatomic interaction and hence stronger bonding between atoms resulting in
higher enthalpies of atomization
31 i)[ Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 1+1+3

ii) primary valency= 3 , Secondary valency= 6

iii)A = cis[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, trans[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
 i. fac ii. mer
1+2+1+1

OR
(i) Dibromidobis(ethane1,2-diamine) cobalt(III)chloride
(ii) Structures I and II are cis and III trans.

(iii) Ti3+contains one unpaired electron hence d-d transition.

(iv) NH3 is a strong ligand hence cause pairing in 3d orbitals and d2sp3 hybridisation
takes place whereas F is a weak ligand cannot cause pairing hence uses sp3d2
hybridisation.
32 a) n=2 ΔG0 = - nFE0cell = - 2x96500x1.1 = - 212300 Jmol-1 = - 212.3KJ mol-1 2+2+1

b) Anode Co(s) Co2+ (aq) + 2e- Cathode Fe 2+(aq) + 2e- Fe(s)

E0cell =E0cathode – E0anode = -0.44 – (-0.28) V = -0.16 V
Since E0 cell is negative, the reaction is not spontaneous.
c) Ag < Hg < Cr < Mg < K
OR
a) (i)The electrode reaction for 1 mol of H2O is given as H2O 2H+ + ½ O2 +
2e-
So Quantity of electricity required = 2F = 2x96500C =193000C
(ii)The electrode reaction is given as 2FeO + ½ O2 Fe2O3 i.e. 2Fe2+  2Fe3+ +2e-
For the oxidation of 2 moles of FeO required charge = 2F
2+2+1
Therefore, for the oxidation of 1 mole of FeO required charge =1F = 96500C
b) Electrical conductivity: It is the conductance of the solution of an electrolyte enclosed
in a cell with two electrodes of unit area of cross section separated by one cm.
1 𝑙
κ= .
𝑅 𝐴

Molar conductivity: It defined as the conductivity of that volume of the solution which
contains 1 mole of the electrolyte and placed between two electrodes unit distance apart
 and having sufficient cross-sectional area to hold the whole of the solution. It is given by
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙𝒌
𝚲𝒎 = 𝒄
Unit of λ =S cm2mol-1

c) Fuel cell - Fuel cells are the galvanic cells in which the energy of combustion of
the fuels like hydrogen, methanol etc. is directly converted into electrical energy.
33 2+3

(a)
b) i) It is a reaction between two aldehydes with no alpha hydrogen atom in a basic
medium. One molecule gets oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid and the
other gets reduced to the alcohol.

3+2

(ii) When aldehydes and ketones having at least one α-hydrogen are treated with
dilute alkali (which act as a catalyst) they form β-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or β-
hydroxy ketones (ketol) respectively. This reaction is known as aldol condensation.

(iii) The Rosenmund reaction is a hydrogenation process where molecular hydrogen

reacts with the acyl chloride in the presence of catalyst – palladium on barium sulfate
to form benzaldehyde.

OR
𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 /𝐻 + 𝐿𝑖𝐴𝑙𝐻4
(i) CH3CHO → CH3COOH (ii) CH3CHO → CH3CH2OH
𝐿𝑖𝐴𝑙𝐻4
(iii) CH3COOH → CH3CH2OH
b) (i) Propanal gives a silver mirror or greyish ppt. on oxidation by Tollen’s reagent but
propanone does not.
CH3CH2CHO  2[AgNH32]+ 3 OH-  CH3CH2COO-  2Ag ↓  2H2O  4NH3
(ii) Benzaldehyde gives a silver mirror or greyish ppt. on oxidation by Tollen’s
reagent but but acetophenone does not.
C6H5CHO 2[AgNH32]+ 3 -OH C6H5COO- +2Ag ↓ 2H2O 4NH3
Acetophenone gives Iodoform test while benzaldehyde does not give.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -10 (2024-25)

CLASS: XII MAX.MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY) DURATION: 3 Hours
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
Q NO QUESTION Ma
rks
1 Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with rise in temperature because dissolution is an: 1
(a) endothermic and reversible process (b) exothermic and reversible process
(c) endothermic and irreversible process (d) exothermic and irreversible process.
2 The osmotic pressure of a solution containing 0.3 mol of solute per litre at Temperature 𝑇� is: 1
(R-solution constant)
(a) 0.3RT (b) 0.03𝑅�𝑇� (c) 0.003𝑅�𝑇� (d) 3RT
3 For the cell reaction:2 Fe3+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq)  2 Fe2+ (aq) + I2 (aq); E0cell = 0.24 V at 298K. 1
The standard Gibbs energy is:
(a) -46.32 kj/mol (b) -23.16 kj/mol (c) 46.32 kj/mol (d) 23.15kj/mol
4 A device that converts the energy of combustion of fuels like hydrogen and methane directly 1
into electrical energy is known as:
(a) Fuel cell (b) Electrolytic cell (c) Voltaic cell (d) Ni-Cd cell
5 Out of the following transition metals, the maximum number of oxidation states are shown 1
by:
(a) Chromium ( 𝑍� = 24) (b) Manganese (𝑍� = 25) (c) Iron (𝑍� = 26) (d) Titanium ( 𝑍�=22)
6 Acidified K2Cr2O7 solution turns green when Na2SO3 is added to it. This is due to the 1
formation of
(a) CrSO4 (b) Cr2(SO4)3 (c) 𝐶𝑟𝑂42− (d) Cr2(SO3)3
7 Which of the following properties of glucose cannot be explained by its open chain 1
structure?
 (i) Glucose does not form hydrogen sulphite with NaHSO3
(ii) On oxidation with HNO3 glucose gives saccharic acid.
(iii) Glucose is found to exist in two different crystalline forms which are named as α and β.
(a) (ii) only (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
8 Scurvy is caused due to deficiency of 1
(a) Vitamin B1 (b) Vitamin B2 (c) Ascorbic acid (d) Glutamic acid
9 Which reagents are required for one step conversion of chlorobenzene to toluene? 1
0
(a) CH3Cl/AlCl3 (b) CH3Cl,Na, Dry ether (c) CH3Cl/Fe, dark (d) NaNO2/HCl/0−5 C
10 Ethyl alcohol can be prepared from Grignard reagent (CH3MgBr) by the reaction of 1
(a) HCHO (b) RCN (c) R2CO (d) RCOCl
11 Lucas reagent is 1
(a) Conc. HCl and anhydrous ZnCl2 (b) Conc. HNO3 and hydrous ZnCl2
(c) Conc. HCl and hydrous ZnCl2 (d) Conc. HNO3 and anhydrous ZnCl2
12 Which of the following tests/reactions is given by aldehydes as well as ketones? 1
(a) Fehling's test (b) Tollen's test (c) 2,4 DNP test (d) Cannizzaro reaction
13 Assertion: When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed. 1
Reason: The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing
point.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
14 Assertion (A): Conductivity decreases with decrease in concentration of electrolyte. 1
Reason (R): Number of ions per unit volume that carry the current in a solution decreases on
dilution.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
15 Assertion (A): Phenol is weaker acid than p-nitrophenol. 1
Reason (R): − NO2 group is 𝑂�-directing.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
16 Assertion(A): Primary aromatic amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide 1
 synthesis.
Reason(R): Aryl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution with anion formed by
phthalimide.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. Ais true but R is false. d. Ais false but R is true.
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are
very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17 A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10 per cent w/w. What would be the molality and 1+1
mole fraction of Glucose in the solution?
18 (A) What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of glucose in water? 1+1
(B) Ibrahim collected a 10 mL each of fresh water and ocean water. He observed that one
sample labelled " P " froze at 0∘C while the other " 𝑄� " at −1.3∘C. Ibrahim forgot which of
the two, "P" or "Q" was ocean water. Help him identify which container contains ocean
water, giving rationalization for your answer.
19 Write two differences between order of reaction and molecularity of reaction. 2
20 Define the following terms in relation to proteins: 1+1
(i) Peptide linkage (ii) Denaturation
21 Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions: 1+1
���𝐷𝑟𝑦�𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟��� ���𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙����
a) RBr +Mg → b) CH3CH2Br + KCN →
OR
Give one example each of
a) Finkelstein reaction b) Wurtz reaction
SECTIONC
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each
22 (A) Calculate the 𝜆�0𝑚� for Cl−ion from the data given below: 𝜆�0m MgCl2 = 258.6 s cm2 1.5
mol−1 and 𝜆�0𝑚� Mg2+ = 106 S cm2 mol−1 +1.
(B) The cell constant of a conductivity cell is 0.146 cm−1. What is the conductivity of 0.01M 5
solution of an electrolyte at 298 K, if the resistance of the cell is 1000 Ohm?
23 Calculate the EMF of the following cell at 298K. Sn|Sn2+ (0.1M) || Ag+ (0.1M) | Ag. 3
E0Sn2+ | Sn = -0.14V E0Ag+|Ag =0.80V R=8.314JK-1mol-1 F= 96500Cmol-1
24 Draw structures of geometrical isomers of [Pt (NH3)2Cl2] and write their IUPAC names and 1+1
state the isomer which is used in treatment of the cancer. +1
 OR
Explain following observations:
a. Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes not form?
b. A tetrahedral complex having four different ligands linked, does not show optical activity.
c. On the basis of Crystal Field theory, write electronic configuration of d6 species in terms
of t2g and eg in octahedral field when ∆> P and ∆<P
25 (i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes night blindness? 1+1
(ii) Name the base that is found in nucleotide of RNA only. +1
(iii) Glucose on reaction with HI gives n-hexane. What does it suggest about structure of
glucose? .
26 How do you convert the following 1+1
(i) Toluene to benzylalcohol +1
(ii) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
(iii) Benzylalcohol to 2-phenylethanoicacid
27 (i) Give the structure and IUPAC name of the final product expected from the following 1+1
reactions: +1
(a) Hydroboration of propene followed by oxidation with H2O2 in alkaline medium.
(b) Reaction of phenol with Br2 (aq).
(ii) Give one chemical test to distinguish between phenol and benzoic acid.
28 How can you convert the following- 1+1
(i) ethanal into ethanoic acid (ii) ethanal into ethanol (iii) ethanoic acid into ethanol +1

SECTION D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries 4
(2+1+1) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow
29 In modern terminology the complexes are called coordination compounds. These compounds
are present in biological systems like chlorophyll, haemoglobin and Vitamin B12. In
coordination compounds number of neutral or anionic species are linked to Central metal
atom through coordinate bonds. Such species are called ligands which can form one or more
co-ordinate bonds with Central metal atom depending on their denticity. Polydentate ligands
when co-ordinate to form complexes having rings which are more stable than those
complexes formed by monodentate ligands. Some unidentate ligands may have more than
one coordinating sites known as ambidentate ligands. In some complexes that cationic and
anionic both species are coordination entities. The net charge carried by the metal atom is
called the oxidation number. Similar to organic compounds coordination compounds also
exhibit structural isomerism due to involvement of different atom of an ambidentate ligand
in bonding as well as presence of a specific ligand inside or outside coordination entity or
presence of water molecules as ligand or water of hydration.
 Based on above passage answer the following questions
i. What type of isomerism does the coordination compound [Co (NH3)4 Cl(CN)] SO4 is likely 1
to exhibit and why?
ii. How the ligand CN- is different from OH-, explain? 1

iii. What type of isomerism [ CrCl6 ]3H2O is expected to show and why? Write the structure 1+1

of any two other isomers of the compound.

OR
The coordination compound CoCl3. 5NH3. when treated with AgNO3, one mole of the
coordination consumed 2 moles of AgNO3 and gave two moles AgCl ppt. Write the structural
formula and IUPAC name of complex.
30 Unlike ketones, aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acids using a variety of
oxidising agents. These reagents can be chromic acid, chromium trioxide, permanganate or
silver oxide. Silver ions selectively oxidise —CHO group. This forms the basis of Tollen’s
test. It involves the addition of a mixture of aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous ammonia
which is known as Tollen’s reagent to the carbonyl compound. Tollen’s reagent contains [Ag
(NH3)2]+ complex ion. If an aldehyde is present, it gets oxidised to the carboxylic acid
whereas the Ag + ions are reduced to form silver metal which gets deposited on the walls of
the test tube and this gives a mirror like shining appearance
Answer following questions-
a Benzaldehyde gives a positive test with Tollen’s reagent but not with Fehling’s and Benedict 1

solutions. Why?
b 2. Write a test to differentiate between pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one. 1

C Convert: (i) Benzaldehyde to acetophenone (ii) Acetaldehyde to 2-butanol 2

OR
Would you expect benzaldehyde to be more reactive or less reactive in nucleophilic addition
reactions than propanal? Explain your answer.
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer types and carry 5 marks each. All questions
have an internal choice.
31 i) A first order reaction is 75% completed in 40 minutes. Calculates its half -life (t1/2). 2+3

ii) A first order reaction is 50% completed in 40 minutes at 300 K and in 20 minutes at 320
K. Calculate the activation energy of the reaction.
(Given log2 =0.3010, log 4 = 0.6021, R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1)
OR
A) A reaction is first order in A and second order in B
1+1
i) Write the differential rate equation?
 ii) How is the rate affected by increasing the concentration of B three times? +1+
1+1
iii) How is the rate affected when concentration of both A and B are doubled?
B) i) What is the unit of k for zero order reaction?
ii) Define pseudo first order reaction with an example.
32 i) When pyrolusite ore MnO2 is fused of with KOH in presence of air, a green coloured 1+1
+2+
compound (A) is obtained which undergoes disproportionation reaction in acidic medium to
1
give purple coloured compound (B).
a) Write the formulae of (A) and (B).
b) What happens when compound (B) is heated?
ii. When chromite ore FeCr2O4 is fused with NaOH in presence of air, a yellow-coloured
compound (A) obtained which on acidification with dilute sulphuric acid gives a compound
(B) Compound (B) on reaction with KCl forms an orange-coloured crystalline compound
(C).
a. Write the formulae of (A), (B) & (C).
b. Write one use of compound (C).
OR
i) The elements of 3d transition series are given as: Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn
1+1
Answer the following: +1+
a. Which element is a strong reducing agent in +2 oxidation state and why? 1+1
2+
b. Zn salts are colourless. Why?
c. Though copper has completely filled d-orbital (d10) yet it is considered as a transition
metal?
d. Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states.
e. Scandium is a transition element, but Zinc is not.
33 State reasons for the following: 1+
a) Out of 10,20,30 amines, 20 amine is most basic in aqueous solution. 1+
b) Alkylamines are more basic than ammonia?
1+
c) It is difficult to prepare pure amines by ammonolysis of alkyl halides.
d) Although —NH2 is o/p directing group, aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of 1+
m-nitroaniline 1
e) Electrophilic substitution in aromatic amines takes place more readily than benzene.
OR
An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C7H7ON undergoes a series of reactions
as shown below. Write the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN: HYDERABAD REGION
MODEL QUESTION PAPER -10 (2024-25)
ANSWER KEY
CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (THEORY)

SECTION A
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
Q NO ANSWER Ma
rks
1 B 1
2 A 1
3 A 1
4 A 1
5 B 1
6 B 1
7 B 1
8 C 1
9 B 1
10 A 1
11 A 1
12 C 1
13 A 1
14 A 1
15 C 1
16 C 1
17 10% w/w solution of glucose means 10 grams of glucose is present in 100 g of solution, i.e., 1+1
90 g of water.
Number of moles of glucose =10/180 = 0.0555 moles
Number of moles of water = 90/18= 5 mol
Molality of the solution = no.of moles of glucose /mass of water in kg
= 0.0555/0.09
= 0.61 mol kg–1
Mole fraction of glucose,
X (C6H12O6) = (no. of moles of glucose /total no. of moles of glucose and water)
= 0.0555/5.0555= 0.01
18 (A) With increase in temperature, solubility of gases decreases as the gas attains more 1+1
kinetic energy by heating
 (B) " P " froze at 00C, hence it is normal water and " 𝑄� " at −1.30C Therefore it is ocean
water. Ocean water contains salts which decreases the freezing point.
19 Any Two of the following 2

20 (i) Peptide linkage: A link between two amino acids with loss of water (-CO-NH-) is peptide 1+1
link
(ii) A process that changes the three-dimensional structure of native protein is called
denaturation of protein. It results into breaking of hydrogen bonds and disulphide
linkages. Due to this, proteins lose their biological activity.
21 a) RBr +Mg →
��� �𝑒 𝑒 ���
RMgBr 1+1
��� ����
b) CH3CH2Br + KCN → CH3CH2CN + KBr
OR
𝑑 � 𝑐𝑒 𝑒
a) C2H5Cl + NaI → C2H5I + NaCl
�𝑒 𝑒
b) 2𝑅 − 𝑋� + 2𝑁𝑎 → 𝑅 − 𝑅 + 2𝑁𝑎𝐵𝑟
22 (A) From Kohlrausch’s Law, 𝜆�0m MgCl2 = 𝜆�0𝑚� Mg2+ +𝜆�0𝑚� Cl− 1.5
𝜆�0𝑚� Cl− =𝜆�0m MgCl2 -�𝜆�0𝑚� Mg2+= 258.6 -106= 152.6 S cm2 mol−1 +1.
1 l 0.146
(B) 𝜅 = 𝑅 . (A)= 1000 = 1.46𝑥10−4 SCm-1. 5

23 E0cell = E0Ag+|Ag –E0Sn2+ |Sn = 0.80V – (-0.14V) = 0.94V 1+2

0.0591 [𝑆 2+ ] 0.0591 (0.1)
Ecell = E0cell – log [𝐴𝑔+]2 ; Ecell = 0.94 – log (0.1)2
2

= 0.94V -0.02955V =0.94V-0.03V = 0.91V

24 i. cis form ii. trans form 1+1
+1

IUPAC NAME: Di ammine di chlorido platinum (II)

Cis form is called cis platin used in treatment of cancer.
 OR
a. Low spin tetrahedral complexes not form because low crystal field splitting energy cannot
cause pairing of electrons.
b. Tetrahedral compounds do not show geometrical isomerism as the arrangement of every
Ligand around central metal atom/ion in space is equivalent in every respect
6 3
c. ∆> P: 𝑡2𝑔 . 𝑒𝑔0 ∆<P: 𝑡2𝑔 . 𝑒𝑔3
25 (i) Vitamin A. 1+1
(ii) Uracil. +1
(iii) This reaction suggests that all 6 carbon atoms in glucose are arranged in a straight chain.
26 (i) 1+1
+1

(ii)

(iii)

27 (i) (a) Propan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2OH (b) 2,4,6-Tri bromo phenol. 1+1

(ii) Test with Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3): Benzoic acid gives brisk effervescence with +1
NaHCO3 solution whereas Phenol does not give this test
28 ���𝐾𝑀 𝑂4 /𝐻 + ��� 1+1
(i) CH3CHO → CH3COOH
+1
���𝐿𝑖𝐴 𝐻4�����
(ii) CH3CHO → CH3CH2OH
���𝐿𝑖𝐴 𝐻4�����
(iii) CH3COOH → CH3CH2OH
29 i. [Co (NH3)4Cl (CN)] SO4 is likely to exhibit ionization isomerism due to different ions in 1

and outside coordination entity. It can exhibit linkage isomerism also due the presence of
ambidentate ligand CN-.
ii. CN- is ambidentate ligand while OH- is monodentate ligand. 1

iii. [ CrCl6].3H2O is expected to show solvate isomerism due to water molecules inside 1+1

coordination entity and outside coordination entity as water of crystallization.

 [ CrCl5( H2O) ] Cl.2H2O [CrCl4(H2O)2 ] Cl2 H2O
OR
Co (NH3)5. Cl3+2AgNO3, 2AgCl ppt i.e., 2 Cl- ions are present outside coordination
entity hence structure is [Co (NH3)5 Cl]Cl2 and IUPAC Name is penta ammine chloride
cobalt(III)chloride
30.a It is due to stronger oxidizing nature of Tollen’s reagent as compared to Fehling and 1

Benedict’s solution and cannot oxidise benzaldehyde to benzoic acid.

b. The iodoform test can distinguish Pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one. 1

c. 2

a)

b)
OR
Propanal is an aliphatic aldehyde and benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde. In
benzaldehyde, the polarity of carbonyl group decreases due to resonance .So, in
benzaldehyde, carbon atom of the carbonyl group is less electrophilic as compared with
propanal as there is no resonance in propanal. So propanal is more reactive towards
nucleophilic addition reactions.
31 i) For a first order reaction, 𝑡75% = 2. 𝑡1/2 . 𝑡1/2 = 75%
=
40
= 20𝑚𝑖𝑛. 2+3
2 2
0.693 0.693 0.693 0.693
ii) For a first order reaction; 𝐾1 = = 𝐾2 = =
1/2 40 1/2 20
0.693
𝐾2 𝐾 𝑇 −𝑇 320−300
= 20
0.693 = 2; 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝐾2 ) = 2.303𝑅
𝑎
. ( 𝑇2 .𝑇 1 ) ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 = 2.303𝑥8.314
𝑎
( 320𝑥300 )
𝐾1 1 1 2
40

Ea=27663.58 J mol-1 = 27.66 kJ mol-1.

OR
2
A) i) Rate = -d[R] /dt Rate = k [A] [B]
ii) if the concentration of B is tripled then rate = k[A] [3B]2 = 9k[A][B]2
The rate of reaction becomes 9 times.
iii) If the concentration of both A and B are doubled, then
rate = k[2A] [2B]2 =8k [A][B]2 The rate of reaction becomes 8 times.
B) i) Unit of k for a zero-order reaction is mol L-1s-1 1+1
 ii) A reaction that appears to be higher order but follows first order kinetics under certain +1+
1+1
conditions is called pseudo first reaction. For example, hydrolysis of ester is a pseudo first
order reaction. When water is taken in large excess.
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (excess) → CH3COOC2H5 + C2H5OH
Rate= k [H2O] [CH3COOC2H5]. The term [H2O] can be taken as constant. The equation
becomes Rate= k [CH3COOC2H5]; Where k = k1[H2O]
32 i) a) A= K2MnO4 B=KMnO4 b) 2KMnO4  K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 1+1
+2+
ii) a) A = Na2CrO4 B= Na2Cr2O7 C= K2Cr2O7
1
b) Potassium dichromate is used as a primary standard in volumetric analysis.
OR
a. Cr is strongest reducing agent in +2 oxidation state. Cr2+ has configuration 3d4. After
losing one electron it forms Cr3+ which has stable half-filled t2g, level. 1+1
+1+
b. Zn2+ (3d10) has completely filled d-orbitals. As a result of this, d-d transition cannot occur
1+1
and hence Zn2+ salts are colourless.
c. Copper exhibits +2 oxidation state wherein it will have incompletely filled d-orbitals
(3d9), hence transition metal.
d. This is due to comparable energies of 5f, 6d and 7s-orbitals.
e. Scandium is a transition element because it has incompletely filled d orbitals but Zinc
has completely filled d orbitals i.e 3d10 configuration
33 a) 20 amines are most basic in aqueous solution because of salvation and inductive effect. 1+1
+1+
b) Due to +I effect of alkyl group in alkylamines
1+1
c) Because the primary amine formed by ammonolysis itself acts as a nucleophile and
produces further 2° and 3° alkyl amine.
d) Because in strong acidic medium, aniline gets protonated to give anilinium ion which is
meta directing
e) –NH2 is Electron Donating Group, electrophilic substitution takes place faster.
OR