KISHKINDA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING

DRAWING(23CED23)

1. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF POINTS

1. Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line, keeping convenient
distance between each projectors. Name the quadrants in which they lie.
A — 30 mm above HP and 35 mm in front of VP.
B — 35 mm above HP and 40 mm behind VP.
C — 40 mm above HP and on VP.
D — 35 mm below HP and 30 mm in front of VP.

2. Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line, keeping convenient
distance between each projectors. Name the Quadrants in which they lie.
E — 30 mm below HP and 25 mm behind VP.
F — 35 mm below HP and 30 mm in front of VP.
G — On HP and 30 mm in front of VP.
H — On HP and 35 mm behind VP.
3. Draw all the three views of a point P lying 60 mm below HP, 70 mm infront of VP and
40 mm from the RPP. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.

4. A point S is in the first quadrant and equidistant of 50 mm from all the three principal
planes.Draw the projections of the point. Draw all the three views of the point.

5. Draw the projections of point G which is in first quadrant such that it is equidistant from
HP, VP & PP. The point is 25 mm from RPP.

6. A point is 40 mm behind VP, 15 mm above HP and 25 mm in front/behind/from RPP.

Draw its projections.

7. A point is 30 mm behind VP, 30 mm above HP and 25 mm in front/behind/from LPP.

Draw its projections.

8. A point is lying on VP, 20 mm below HP & 30 mm behind/infront/from LPP. Draw its

projections.

9. A point A is 20 mm above HP & 25 mm in front of VP. Another point B is 25 mm

behind VP and 40 mm below HP. Draw their projections when the distance between
their projectors parallel to XY line is 50 mm.

10. A point is 30 mm behind VP, 30 mm above HP and 25 mm in front/behind/from RPP.

Draw its projections.

11. A point is lying on VP, 10 mm below HP & 30 mm behind / in front / from LPP. Draw
its projections.
 12. Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line, keeping convenient
distance between the projectors. Also state the quadrants in which they lie.
A — 30 mm below HP and 25 mm behind VP.
B — 35 mm below HP and 30 mm in front of VP.
C — on HP and 30 mm in front of VP.
D — on HP and 35 mm behind of VP.
13. Point P is on HP and 35 mm in front of VP. Another Point Q is on VP and below HP.
The line joining their front views makes an angle of 30º to XY line, while the line
joining their top views makes an angle of 45º with XY line. Find the distance of the
point Q from HP.

14. A point P is 25 mm above HP & 20 mm in front of VP. Another point Q is on HP and

30 mm behind VP. The distance between their projectors measured parallel to the line of
intersection of VP and HP is 50 mm. Find the distance between the top views of points
P and Q.

15. A point A is on HP & 30 mm in front of VP. Another point B is 20 mm below HP and

20 mm in front of VP. The distance between their projectors measured parallel to XY
line is 50 mm. Find the distance between the front views of the points A & B.

2. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF STRAIGHT LINES

1. A line AB 60 mm long has one of its extremities 20 mm infront of VP and 15 mm above

HP. The line is inclined at 25o to HP and 40o to VP. Draw its top and front views.

2. A line AB 80mm long has its end A 20 mm above the HP and 30 mm infront of VP. It is
inclined at 30o to HP and 45o to VP. Draw the projection of the line and find apparent
lengths and apparent inclinations.

3. A line AB measuring 70 mm has its end A 15mm infront of VP and 20 mm above HP

and the other end B is 60mm infront of VP and 50 mm above HP. Draw the projections of
the line and find the inclinations of the line with both the reference planes of projections.

4. A line AB, 65mm long, has its end A 20mm above the HP and 25mm in front of the VP.
The end B is 40 mm above the HP and 65mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB
and show its inclination with the HP and the VP.

5. The distance between the end projectors through the end points of a line AB is 60 mm.
The end A is 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The end B is 35 mm infront of
VP. The line AB appears 70 mm long in the front view. Complete the projections. Find
the true length of the line and its inclinations with HP and VP.

6. A line has its end A 15 mm above HP and 10mm infront of VP. The end B is 55mm
above HP and the line is inclined at 30° to HP. The distance between the end projectors is
50mm. Draw the projections of line and determine the true length of the line and its
inclination with VP.

7. The front view of the line PQ 80mm long measures 50mm and it is inclined to XY at 50 o.
One end of the line P is 20mm above HP and 25m in front of VP. Draw the front and top
view of the line and find the inclinations of the line with HP and VP.
8. A line AB 100mm long is inclined to HP at 45° and inclined to VP at 30°. End A touches
VP & HP. Draw front and top views of line and determine their lengths. Also determine
the perpendicular distance of end B from both HP and VP.

9. A line has its end A, 15mm from HP and 10mm from VP. The end B is 55 mm from HP
and the line is inclined at 30 o to HP. The distance between the end projectors is 50 mm.
Draw the projections of the line. Determine the true length of the line and its inclination
with VP.

10. One end of a line is 30mm in front of VP and 30mm above HP. The line is inclined at 40 o
to HP and its top view measuring 60mm, is inclined at 50 o to XY. Draw the projections of
the line and determine true length and inclination with VP.

3. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF PLANE SURFACES

1. A square plate of 40mm sides rests on HP such that one of the diagonals is inclined at 30°
to HP and 45° to VP. Draw its projections.

2. A triangular plane of sides 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners, such that the
surface of the lamina makes an angle of 60° with HP. If the side opposite to the corner on
which the lamina rests makes an angle of 30° with VP, draw the top and front views in
this position.

3. A square lamina of 40mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 30° to
HP and the side on which it rests makes 45° to VP. Draw its projections.

4. A rectangular lamina of 35mm x 20mm rests on HP on one of its shorter edges. The
lamina is rotated about the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top
view. The edge on which the lamina rests being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its
projections and find its inclinations to HP and VP.

5. A rectangular lamina of sides 20mm x 30mm rests on HP on one of its longer edges. The
lamina is tilted about the edge on which it rests till its plane surface is inclined to HP at
45°. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 30° to VP. Draw the projections of the
lamina.

6. A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that the
edge opposite to this corner is 20mm above HP & makes an angle of 45° with VP. Draw
the top and front views of the plane lamina in this position. Determine the inclination of
the lamina with HP.

7. A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that the
surface makes an angle of 60° with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 45° to VP.
Draw its projections.

8. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corner on HP such that
the perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through the corner on which the lamina
rests is inclined at 30° to HP and 45° to VP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.

9. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corners on HP such that
the surface makes an angle 30° with HP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing
through the corner on which the lamina rests appears to be inclined at 30° to VP. Draw the
top and front views of the lamina.
 10. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 45°
to HP and the side on which it rests makes 30° to VP. Draw its projections.

11. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The lamina makes
45° to HP and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 30° to
VP. Draw its projections.

12. Draw the top and front views of a hexagonal lamina of 30mm sides having two of its
edges parallel to both vertical and horizontal planes and one of its edges is 10mm from
each of the planes of projection. The surface of the lamina is inclined at an angle of 60° to
the HP.

13. A regular hexagonal lamina of sides 25mm is lying such a way that one of its sides on HP
while the side opposite to the side on which it rests is on VP. If the lamina makes 60° to
HP, draw the projections of the lamina.

14. A circular lamina inclined to VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis
50mm and minor axis 25mm. The major axis is parallel to both HP and VP. One end of the
minor axis is in both the HP and VP. Draw the projections of the lamina and determine the
inclination of the lamina with the VP.

15. A circular lamina of 50mm diameter rests on HP such that one of its diameters is inclined
at 30°to VP and 45° to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.

4. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

1. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners
of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests makes equal
inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to
HP at 40º and appears to be inclined to VP at 45º.

2. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of
the base which is inclined to VP at 30º. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is
inclined to the HP at 45º.

3. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners
of the base such that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests makes equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to
HP at 40º and to VP at 30º.

4. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of
the base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to the HP at 45º and VP at
30º.

5. A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to
HP at 40º and appears to be inclined to VP 45º.
6. A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to
HP at 40º and to VP 30º.

7. A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45º and appears to
be inclined to VP at 40º.

8. A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to
HP at 40º and to VP 30º.

9. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges
of the base, which is inclined to VP at 30º. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is
inclined to HP at 45º.

10. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
inclined to HP at 40º and appears to be inclined to VP at 45º.

11. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base. Draw the projection of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45º and
VP at 30º.

12. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm side of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base, which is inclined to VP at 30º. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis is inclined to HP at 40º.

13. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
inclined to HP at 40º and appears to be inclined to VP at 45º.

14. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclination with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
inclined to HP at 40º and to VP at 30º.

15. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
edges of the base, which is inclined to VP at 30º. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis is inclined to HP at 40º.

16. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
inclined to HP at 40º and appears to be inclined to VP 45º.

17. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
corners of the base such that two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is
inclined to HP at 40º and to VP at 30º.
18. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45º.

19. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at
45º.

20. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at
45º.

21. A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP
at 45º.

22. A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined
to VP at 45º.

23. A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its
slant triangular faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined
to VP at 45º.

24. A tetrahedron of sides 40mm is resting on one of its sides on HP. This side is parallel to VP
and 40mm away from it. It is tilted about resting side such that the base containing this edge is
inclined at 30º to HP. Draw the projections of the solid.

25. A cube of 40mm sides rests on HP on an edge which is inclined to VP at 30º. Draw the
projections when the lateral square face containing the edge on which it rests makes an angle of
50º to HP.

26. A cone of 50mm base diameter and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its generators.
Draw its projections when the axis is inclined to VP at 30º.

5. ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

1. A hemisphere of 40mm diameter is supported co-axially on the vertex of a cone of base

diameter 60mm and axis length 50mm. The flat circular face of the hemisphere is facing upside.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids.

2. A sphere of diameter 50mm rests centrally on top of a cube of sides 50mm. Draw the
isometric projections of the combination of solids.

3. The frustum of a square pyramid of base sides 40mm, top face side 20mm and height 60mm
rest on the centre of the top of a square block of side 60mm and height 20mm. The base edges
of the pyramid are parallel to the top edges of the square block. Draw the isometric projection
of the combination of solids.

4. Draw the isometric projection of a hexagonal prism of side of base 40mm and height 60mm
with a right circular cone of base 40mm as diameter and altitude 50mm, resting on its top such
that the axes of both the solids are collinear.
5. A cone of base diameter 30mm and height 40mm rests centrally over a cube of side 50mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination of solids.

6. A rectangular pyramid of base 40mm x 25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a
cylindrical slab of diameter 80mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric projection of the
combination.

7. Following figure shows the front and side views of the solid. Draw the isometric projection
of the solid. All dimensions in fig. are in mm.

8. A hemisphere of diameter 50mm is resting on its curved surface centrally on the top of
frustum of a rectangular pyramid base 80mm x 60mm and top 60mm x 40mm, height 55mm.
Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

9. A rectangular pyramid of base 40mm x 25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a
rectangular slab sides 100mm x 60mm and thickness 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.

10. Three rectangular slabs (lxbxh) 100mm x 60mm x 20mm, 100mm x 40mm x 20mm and
100mm x 20mm x 20mm are placed one above the other in the descending order of their width-
b, such that their longer axes are co-planar. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

11. Three cubes of sides 60mm, 40mm and 20mm are placed centrally one above the other in
the descending order of their side. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.

12. A square prism base side 40mm and height 70mm has a full depth co-axial square hole of
base side 20mm, such that edges of both the squares are parallel. Draw the isometric projection
of the hollow prism.

13. A hemisphere of diameter 70mm is placed on the ground on its curved surface. A cone of
base diameter 70mm and height 70mm is placed centrally on it. Draw the isometric projection
of the combination.

14. A frustum of cone of base diameter 50mm, top face diameter 25mm and height 50mm is
placed centrally on a square slab side 80mm and thickness 30mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the combination.

15. A cone of base diameter 40mm and height 50mm rests centrally over a frustum of a
pentagonal pyramid of base side 45mm and top side 35mm and height 55mm. Draw the
isometric projections of the combined solids.
16. A rectangular pyramid of base 40mm x 25mm and height 50mm is placed centrally on a
rectangular slab sides 100mm x 60mm and thickness 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination.

6. DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES OF SOLIDS

1. A square prism of base side 30mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP on its base with
all the vertical faces being equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane 60 o to HP and
perpendicular to VP and is passing through a point on the axis at a distance 15mm form its top
face. Draw the development of the lower portion of the prism.

2. A rectangular prism of base 30mm × 20 mm and height 60mm rests on HP on its base with
the longer base side inclined at 40 o to VP. It is cut by plane inclined at 45 o to HP, perpendicular
to VP and bisects the axis. Draw the development lateral surface of prism.

3. A rectangular prism of base 40mm × 25mm and height 65mm rests on HP on its base with
the longer base side inclined at 30o to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 40 o to HP;
perpendicular to VP cuts the axis at its mid height. Draw the development of the remaining
portion of the prism.

4. A square prism of base side 40mm and axis length 65mm is resting on HP on its base with
all the vertical faces being equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane 60 o to HP and
perpendicular to VP and is passing through a point on the axis at distance 15mm form the top
face. Draw the development of the lower portion of the prism.

5. A regular pentagonal prism of height 60mm and base edge 30mm rests with its base on HP.
The vertical face closest to VP is 30 o to it. Draw the development of truncated prism with its
truncated surface inclined at 60o to its axis and bisecting it.

6. A pentagonal prism of base sides 30mm and axis length 60mm rests with its base on HP and
an edge of the base inclined at 45 o to VP. It is cut by plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 40 o
to HP and passing through a point on axis, at distance of 30mm from the base. Develop the
remaining surfaces of the truncated prism.

7. A square pyramid base 40mm side and axis 65mm long has its base on HP and all the edges
of the base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined section plane so as the truncated
surface at 45o to its axis, bisecting it. Draw the development of the truncated pyramid.

8. A square pyramid of side of base 45mm, altitude 70mm is resting with its base on HP with
two sides of the base parallel to VP. The pyramid is cut by a section plane which is
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 40o to the HP. The cutting plane bisects the axis of the
pyramid. Obtain the development of the lateral surfaces of the truncated pyramid.

9. A regular pentagonal pyramid of side of base 35mm and altitude 65mm has its base on HP
with a side of base perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by section plane which is
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 30 o to HP. The cutting plane meets the axis of the pyramid
at a point 30mm below the vertex. Obtain the development of the remaining part of the
pyramid.
10. A hexagonal prism of base side 20mm and height 50mm is resting on HP on its base, such
that one of its base edge is parallel to VP. The prism is cut in this position as shown in
following front view. Draw the development of lateral surface of prism. All dimensions in fig.
are in mm.

11. A rectangular pyramid, side of base 25 mm × 40 mm and height 50mm has one of the sides
of the base inclined at 30o to VP. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cut
pyramid, whose front view shown below. All dimensions in fig. are in mm.

12. A hexagonal pyramid of sides 35mm and altitude 65mm is resting on HP on its base with
two of the base sides perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by a plane inclined at 30 o to HP
and perpendicular to VP and is intersecting the axis at 30mm above the base. Draw the
development of the remaining portion of the pyramid.

13. A hexagonal pyramid of 30mm base sides with a side of base parallel to VP. Draw the
development of the lateral surfaces of the retained portions of the pyramid cut by two
perpendicular planes shown by dark lines in the figure. All dimensions in fig. are in mm.
14. A vertical cylinder of base diameter 45mm and axis length 60mm is cut by a plane
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 50 o to HP, is passing through the center point of the top
face. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder.

15. A vertical cylinder of base diameter 50mm and axis length 60mm is cut by two planes
which are perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45 o to HP and passing through either side from
the center point of the top face. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder.

16. A cone of base diameter 60mm and height 70mm is resting on its base on HP. It is cut as
shown in the following figure. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the remaining
portion of the cone. All dimensions in fig. are in mm.

17. A cone of base diameter 60mm and height 70mm is resting on its base on HP. It is cut as
shown in the following figure. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the remaining
portion of the cone. All dimensions in fig. are in mm.