Section VI

Preliminary Surveys
Table of Contents

A. Introduction ...........................................................................................................VI-2
1. Surveying Activities ............................................................................................VI-2
2. Project Schedule ................................................................................................VI-2
3. Safety.................................................................................................................VI-2
B. The Preliminary Surveying Process....................................................................VI-3
1. Survey Meeting ..................................................................................................VI-3
2. Land Ownership and Permission to Survey .......................................................VI-4
a. Land Ownership & Control Map....................................................................VI-4
b. Permission to Survey ....................................................................................VI-6
3. Preliminary and Supplemental Survey Data ......................................................VI-8
a. Collecting Survey Data .................................................................................VI-8
b. Editing Survey Data ......................................................................................VI-8
c. Submitting Survey Data ................................................................................VI-8
4. Types of Preliminary Surveys ............................................................................VI-9
a. Control Surveys ............................................................................................VI-9
b. Aerial Surveys ............................................................................................VI-11
c. Planimetric and Topographic Surveys ........................................................VI-13
5. Distribution of Survey Data and Mapping Files ................................................VI-16
Preliminary Surveys

VI. Preliminary Surveys

A. Introduction
This section provides a general description of the preliminary surveying process. The primary
objective in this process is the collection of survey data through a variety of methods. Once
collected, the data is used to create two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) mapping
files. These mapping files created by the Photogrammetry & Surveys Section (P&S) are then
used in the design and construction phases.

In order to provide accurate mapping files, the collection of individual features must meet or
exceed defined standards. For more information on acceptable tolerances for each WYDOT
feature code refer to Section VIII, Survey Standards, in this manual. Technical aspects of data
collection are discussed in detail elsewhere in this manual and in the Data Collection Manual.

1. Surveying Activities
The collection of preliminary surveys consists of numerous activities associated with the
mapping of each project. Because there are many individuals from different programs and
sections involved in the preliminary survey process, communication is critical. Conducting a
survey meeting, determining landowners, obtaining permission to survey, and establishing a
project control network are all necessary steps. These tasks must be completed before any
preliminary survey data can be collected.

There are many categories of surveys that collect different types of information. Control
surveys, topographic surveys, utility surveys, geology surveys, and wetland surveys are
examples of preliminary surveys. The information gathered is used to create planimetric
maps and digital terrain models (DTM's).

2. Project Schedule
WYDOT Operating Policy 18-3 defines the procedures for each project in the State
Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP). These procedures outline the development and
issuance of contract plans and documents. To schedule all of the activities associated with
the development of a project, WYDOT uses a "critical-path" project control system (PCS).
The PCS schedule identifies dates when each activity should be started and completed.
Adherence to the PCS schedule will keep each project on-track to meet its projected letting
date.

Some preliminary survey activities are dependent on seasonal and weather variations. Aerial
photography cannot take place in the winter months due to low sun angles that create
excessive shadows. Also, high winds, cloudy skies, or snow cover can delay a scheduled
flight. These conditions contribute to less than ideal imagery used by the Photogrammetry
group to create mapping files. Consequently, the scheduling and completion of this task
becomes more critical than other preliminary survey activities.

3. Safety
There are always safety concerns during preliminary surveying activities. Each surveyor
must be aware of safety issues involving traffic, underground utilities, power lines, and
confined spaces. The surveyor must follow accepted practices to minimize the risk when
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confronted with these dangerous environments. In particular, the "Wyoming High Voltage
Power Lines and Safety Restrictions Act", W.S. 37-3-301 et seq., should be reviewed before
working in the vicinity of power lines. This statute requires notification be given to the
power company prior to commencement of work near power lines. The survey equipment
used and the proximity to the overhead utilities should be evaluated to determine if such
contact is warranted.

B. The Preliminary Surveying Process

1. Survey Meeting
After the project reconnaissance inspection has been held, the State Photogrammetry &
Surveys Engineer will schedule a survey meeting. The purpose of the survey meeting is to
determine a schedule and assign responsibilities for the preliminary activities. The
participants in the survey meeting are representatives from Photogrammetry & Surveys,
Resident Engineer's office, Project Development, and Right-of-Way. Other participants may
include personnel from Bridge, Hydraulics, Geology, District Engineer's office, and design
consultants. Typical survey meeting topics include but are not limited to the following items:
 Location, scope, and intent of the project
 Land ownership & control (LOCO) map
 Acquiring permission to survey
 Type of survey (aerial or field collected)
 Photo control spacing and layout
 Mapping and design plan scale
 Annotation of project and photo control
 Annotation of utilities, culverts, fencing, etc.
 Project control layout, utility locates, and setting monuments
 Project and photo control naming conventions
 Collection of project and photo control surveys
 Collection of preliminary survey features
 Feature code list (e.g. PS09 or PS15)
 Survey data format (e.g. Trimble *.dc file or coordinate text file formats)
 Land survey requirements
A draft report of the survey meeting minutes will be written by P&S personnel and
distributed to all participants for review and comment. After a brief review period, the final
survey meeting report will be made available. Currently, the final report is being placed in
the Falcon document management system.

Depending on the workload, P&S may involve the Resident Engineer's office or a consulting
firm to perform specific activities. These activities may include but are not limited to

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creating a LOCO map, obtaining permission to survey, setting project control monuments,
placing aerial targets, establishing vertical control, or collecting preliminary survey data.

2. Land Ownership and Permission to Survey

a. Land Ownership & Control Map
Development of a Land Ownership and Control (LOCO) map is the first step in getting
permission to access private and public land. The main purpose of the LOCO map is to
determine property ownership adjacent to the highway right-of-way. These land parcels
may be affected by preliminary surveying activities. Most of the information for the
LOCO maps may be accessed through the county assessor's GIS website or the Wyoming
Statewide Parcel Viewer.

A LOCO map is typically created in a CADD design file, but they may also be produced
on county assessor maps (plats). Other formats may be used with approval from the State
Photogrammetry & Surveys Engineer.

The LOCO map must include a title block with the project name, section, and number.
Other important items to include in the title block are:
 Name of the map preparer
 County or counties where the project is located
 Date map was completed
 LOCO map scale
 Total number of sheets
 Land owner table listing owners and lessees
The land owner table assigns a number to each land owner and/or lessee and indicates if
permission to survey has been granted. The permission to survey (P.T.S.) status on the
landowner table should be marked with a "Yes" or "No". A numbering and/or
crosshatching system should be used to link the land owners/lessees with each land
parcel.

In addition to land parcels, the location of the roadway and any other significant roads in
the vicinity of the project should be identified. Other items to be included are project
limits, property lines, section lines, section numbers, township and range labels, and a
north arrow. An example of a completed LOCO map is shown in Figure VI-1.

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Figure VI-1. LOCO map.

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Preliminary Surveys

b. Permission to Survey
As of July 1, 2015, Wyoming Statute 6-3-414 "Trespassing to unlawfully collect resource
data; unlawful collection of resource data." has been enacted. In essence, this statute
states that a person is guilty of trespassing to collect data if they do not have an
ownership interest in the property or other legal authorization to enter or access the land;
or have written or verbal permission of the owner, lessee or agent of the owner.

If found guilty of trespassing to unlawfully collect data they may be punished by

imprisonment for not more than one year and/or a fine of not more than one thousand
dollars. In addition, any resource data collected in violation of this statute shall not be
used in any way.

If the person has previously been convicted of trespassing to unlawfully collect resource
data, then they may be punishable by imprisonment for not less than 10 days nor more
than one year and/or a fine of not more than five thousand dollars.

Written permission from each land owner, lease holder, or their representative is required
before a parcel may be entered. WYDOT Form E-48, Permit to Survey, is used for this
purpose. A sample Permit to Survey form is shown in Figure VI-2. The Permit to
Survey is a legal document and must be approved by the State's Attorney General.
Therefore, alterations to the form without prior approval will not be allowed. Contact the
State Photogrammetry & Surveys Engineer for a copy of Form E-48.

Frequently, obtaining permission to survey for every parcel is a time consuming process.
Many land owners are not listed in the telephone book, do not live at the property in
question, or are otherwise difficult to contact. For these reasons, the permission to survey
activity should start well in advance of the scheduled survey operations. A signed Permit
to Survey form is project specific and is valid for a limited amount of time. Surveying
activities not related to a specific project would require a separate Permit to Survey form.

The contact information gathered during the preparation of the LOCO map is used to
obtain permission to survey. When possible, it is recommended that land owners or their
representatives be contacted prior to mailing the Permit to Survey forms. This contact
will help explain the intent of the survey and resolve specific concerns. Additional
concerns or requirements of the land owner can be added in the remarks section of the
Permit to Survey form. If requested, an expiration date can also be included. When a
substantial amount of time passes between surveying activities, the land owner should be
notified prior to any subsequent entry.

When complete, a copy of the LOCO map and Permit to Survey forms shall be submitted
to the State Photogrammetry & Surveys Engineer. The LOCO map will then be
distributed as specified in the survey meeting.

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 Section VI

Form E-48
5/12
Wyoming Department of Transportation

PERMIT TO SURVEY

DATE:
PROJECT:
ROAD DESIGNATION:
COUNTY:

I landowner(s) or authorized agent grant to the Wyoming Department of Transportation the

right to enter upon my property for the purpose of making a highway survey, land use study, and examination of my
property in conjunction with completing the above listed project. This entry involves the use of personnel, surveying
equipment, passenger vehicles and trucks. Surveying operations include taking of photographs, placing of survey
stakes, markers, aerial targets or other reference monuments for the purpose of completing preliminary engineering
surveys.

This permission is given according to Wyoming Law and does not constitute a waiver of any right or claim I might
have against the Department in the event of damage inflicted to my property as a result of the Department's entry.
Entry will be made during reasonable hours and after actual notice to the undersigned of times of entry.

This permission may be revoked by me with written notification to: (Resident Engineer), Wyoming Department of
Transportation, (mailing address), (city), Wyoming (zip code). Any entry for the purposes other than generally
accepted survey practices, land use studies and appraisals will be individually requested by the Department.

REMARKS:

LANDOWNER REMARKS:

Section Township Range

Landowner Phone

Landowner Phone

Lessee Phone

WYDOT Representative Date

Figure VI-2. Permit to Survey form.

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Preliminary Surveys

3. Preliminary and Supplemental Survey Data

A preliminary survey consists of field collected data used to create project mapping files.
Examples of preliminary survey data include but are not limited to:
 Pavement features
 Sidewalk and curb features
 Driveways and approaches
 Bridge ends, approach slabs, and retaining walls
 Guardrail and bridge rail
 pipe and box culverts
 Culvert inlet and outlet flow lines
 Ditch bottom flow lines
 Topographic ground shots and breaklines
 Overhead and underground utilities
Supplemental survey data is also added to the project mapping, but is usually requested after
the photogrammetric data has been plotted. Examples of supplemental survey data include
terrain measurements to fill in void areas, define streams and channels, and locate geology
features. Supplemental surveys are typically requested by personnel from Project
Development, Hydraulics, or Geology.

a. Collecting Survey Data

The collection of survey data is typically performed with optical total stations, digital
levels, and GPS equipment. Each survey instrument is capable of specific horizontal and
vertical accuracies. In addition, each feature code has defined horizontal and vertical
tolerance requirements. The survey data being collected will dictate the methodology
needed to achieve the accuracy requirements. Refer to Table VIII-1 located in VIII,
Surveys Standards, for the horizontal and vertical accuracies of each instrument.

Preliminary and supplemental surveys will be collected with the WYDOT feature code
list specified in the survey meeting report. The survey standards defined in Section VIII
represent the minimum accuracy requirements concerning each feature code.

b. Editing Survey Data

Editing survey data should be performed by the personnel involved with the collection.
Each survey should be plotted and carefully reviewed to identify errors and/or incomplete
collections. Common collection errors involve incorrect target heights and the improper
use of feature codes and/or control codes. Any necessary corrections to the data should
be completed prior to the transmittal to P&S.

c. Submitting Survey Data

Preliminary and supplemental surveys included in the project mapping are first submitted
to the State Photogrammetry & Surveys Engineer. Raw and edited electronic survey files
may be submitted via e-mail or written to a CD and sent by regular mail. Once a survey

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has been sent to P&S, the data files and correspondence are archived on a designated
WYDOT server. P&S also maintains a database detailing the survey data collected for
each project.

Survey data submitted to P&S must include pertinent project information. This
information should include at a minimum the project name, section, number, and county.
A brief description of the survey, raw and edited files, and relevant field notes should
also be included. If a survey was requested by another WYDOT Program or Section, the
individual who made the request should be included in the correspondence.

In certain situations, survey data may be required to be submitted in a coordinate file

format. The submittal shall be accompanied by a cover letter and include the project
information described above. The cover letter should be signed and sealed by a
registered Land Surveyor or Professional Engineer. For more information on coordinate
files, refer to Chapters 8 and 10 in the WYDOT Data Collection Manual.

4. Types of Preliminary Surveys

a. Control Surveys
Control surveys are used to establish horizontal and vertical coordinates for each
monument in the project control network. Because project control monuments provide
the basis for all subsequent surveys accuracy is extremely critical. The control surveys
are referenced to geodetic monuments in the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS).
The NSRS is a system of survey monuments maintained by the National Geodetic
Service (NGS). Each monument in the NSRS is referenced to the North American
Datum and the North American Vertical Datum.

The North American Datum (NAD) is the official horizontal control datum used in the
United States, Canada, and Mexico. The original datum was created in 1927 and has
undergone several revisions by the NGS. Recent versions include NAD 83, NAD 83
(1993), NAD 83 (CORS), NAD 83 (2007) and NAD 83 (2011). Beginning in 2012, P&S
will no longer be using the NAD 83 (2007) datum. Instead, NAD 83 (2011) will be used
exclusively as the primary horizontal datums to determine geodetic coordinates.

P&S uses static and rapid-static GPS collection methods for gathering the majority of the
measurements to establish horizontal coordinates. Occasionally, the installation of
additional control monuments becomes necessary. In these situations, conventional
survey equipment and methods may be used to supplement the original control. Refer to
Section V, Control Surveys, for more information on establishing coordinates for project
control monuments.

The North American Vertical Datum (NAVD) is the official vertical control datum used
in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The NAVD 88 datum replaced the National
Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Digital level runs are used to establish
vertical coordinates for the project control monuments. When possible, the levels should
be constrained to NGS bench marks of 2nd order or better. If there is not an NGS
benchmark near the project, then a GPS elevation will be used as a reference for the

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levels. For more information on digital level collection procedures, refer to Chapter 9 in
the WYDOT Data Collection Manual.

The collection of control survey data is made up of several steps. Establishing horizontal
and vertical coordinates is a just one part of the process. The following is a description of
each step:

(1) Monuments
Setting control monuments through the project corridor is an important step in all
subsequent phases of surveying. These monuments serve as a permanent reference
for preliminary, supplemental, cadastral, and construction surveys. The time elapsed
from the collection of the first preliminary survey to the final construction survey
could be several years. Because of this, appropriate care should be exercised when
constructing each project control monument. Refer to Appendix J in this manual for
an illustration of a standard WYDOT project control monument.

(2) Reconnaissance and Planning

The P&S Surveys group will complete a reconnaissance of existing monuments with
published coordinates in the vicinity of the project. These monuments include NGS,
USC&GS, and USGS horizontal control stations and bench marks. Previously
established WYDOT project control monuments are also utilized. Typically,
monuments located within the highway right-of-way are easily accessible and are the
most practical. The existing survey stations are used to establish positions and
elevations for the new project control. Based on the available monuments, a GPS
collection plan is formulated for static and rapid-static networks.

(3) Collection
The horizontal coordinates are established by the P&S Surveys group using GPS
equipment. The vertical coordinates are determined by completing level runs with a
digital level. The levels are completed by personnel from the Surveys group, the
Resident Engineer's office, or a consulting firm. This activity is assigned during the
survey meeting. Refer to Section V, Control Surveys, in this manual for more
information on GPS and digital level collections. The survey methods and equipment
used must be able to meet the accuracy tolerances defined in Section VIII, Survey
Standards, in this manual.

(4) Processing and Adjusting

When GPS data has been collected, the P&S Surveys group will process and adjust
the raw data. The GPS observations are post-processed using the least-squares
method of adjustment in the appropriate state plane zone. A datum adjustment factor
(DAF) is computed for the rapid-static network to determine surface coordinates. All
subsequent surveys and mapping are based on the surface coordinates.

The raw digital level data is adjusted by distance to produce elevations for each point
in the level run. When the level data is processed, any parameters that have been
exceeded during the collection are identified. Digital level tolerances defined in
Chapter 9 of the Data Collection Manual are:

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 Section VI

 Maximum and minimum staff readings

 Maximum distance shots
 Maximum cumulative distance balance
 Allowable misclosure
Level data that has been collected with an excessive amount of parameters tolerances
that have been exceeded may need to be repeated. It is at the discretion of the State
Photogrammetry & Surveys Engineer to determine whether the raw data is in
compliance.

(5) Distribution
The P&S Surveys group will create and distribute a spreadsheet with the positions
and elevations for each monument. The positions consist of adjusted latitudes and
longitudes, state plane coordinates, and surface coordinates. The elevations include
geoid separations, ellipsoid elevations, and orthometric elevations. The spreadsheet
also contains the following information:
 Project name and section
 Horizontal and vertical datums
 State plane zone
 Datum adjustment factor (DAF)
A data collector file will also be created for distribution. This file is uploaded onto
Trimble data collectors and used for all preliminary survey collections. Currently, the
spreadsheet and data collector file are being placed in the Falcon document
management system.

b. Aerial Surveys
A rural or urban mapping scale for the project is determined during the survey meeting.
This scale directly affects the altitude of the photography and the flight line target
intervals. Typically, the P&S Surveys group or Resident Engineer's office will be
responsible for placing aerial targets. This activity will be assigned during the survey
meeting.

The process of collecting aerial survey data is made up of several steps. The following is
a description of each step:

(1) Locating Aerial Targets

The first step in this process is to layout the flight line targets along the length of the
project at the specified interval. The targeting shall extend one full interval beyond
each end of the project limits. Targets should not be placed on bridges or in areas
with overhead obstructions. Individual flight line target intervals may be adjusted up
to 10% to avoid these areas.

Once the flight line targets have been laid out, their approximate locations are
annotated onto a photo mosaic created by the P&S Photogrammetry group. When

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Preliminary Surveys

complete, the mosaic is returned to Photogrammetry. The wing point locations and
any additional flight line targets are determined in the development of the targeting
diagram. Areas where permission to survey has been denied will be plainly marked
on the photo mosaic. The targets will be positioned to avoid these locations.

(2) Placing Aerial Targets

The aerial targets are placed at locations identified on the targeting diagram. The
project control monuments are also targeted to provide extra photo control points.
Because flights typically occur early in the day, targets should not be placed in areas
where they will be covered by morning shadows. Refer to Section VII,
Photogrammetric Surveys, in this manual for illustrations of flight line targets and
wing points.

Before the project can be flown, latitude and longitude coordinates will need to be
collected for the flight line targets. These coordinates may be collected with a hand-
held GPS unit. This information is used by the Photogrammetry group to guide the
mission navigation system during the flight.

(3) Obtaining Aerial Photography

The project will be flown as soon as the targets have been placed and when weather
and scheduling allow. The project cannot be flown when the sun angle is too low or
clouds create excessive shadows on the ground. The project also cannot be flown
when windy conditions interfere with airplane navigation or when snow limits the
visibility of the ground. Occasionally, due to weather or scheduling conflicts the
flight does not occur when the targets have been placed. The targets should be
checked prior to the flight and repainted or replaced as necessary.

Once the aerial photography has been taken, the digital images are downloaded and
printed to create a colored photo mosaic. When it has been determined that the
mission was a success, the aerial targets can be removed. When removing the targets,
leave the wooden hub in the ground. These hubs will have coordinate values
assigned and can be used in the calibration of a GPS survey. If necessary, the targets
can also be replaced at the same location.

(4) Labeling Control Photos

After the project has been flown, the Photogrammetry group will create two color
mosaic prints. These photos are used to annotate the project control and photo
control locations. This activity is assigned during the survey meeting. The control
labels should match the project and photo control naming convention described in the
survey meeting report. One of the annotated copies shall then be returned to the
Photogrammetry group.

(5) Collecting RTK Data

The photo control data collection will be completed shortly after the aerial targets
have been laid out. This activity is typically completed by the P&S Surveys group
with real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying methods. The base station is set on a
project control monument while the rovers move from target to target. Each target is

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collected twice from a different base station location. Digital level runs are used to
establish vertical coordinates for photo targets placed within the right-of-way.

(6) Adjusting RTK Data

The RTK data is typically collected before the project control has been established;
consequently the survey is based on autonomous positioning. The adjusted
coordinates for the base station monuments are assigned later using proprietary
software. Once the RTK data has been adjusted, the project DAF is assigned to each
photo control point. Because targets outside of the right-of-way are not included in
the level runs, adjusted RTK elevations are used.

(7) Processing the Photo Analytics

P&S uses an aerial triangulation software program to process photo analytics to create
mapping and digital terrain models (DTM) from the photography. The program
generates information used on the stereo plotter equipment used by P&S aerial
mapping personnel. Refer to Section VII, Photogrammetric Surveys, in this manual
more information on aerial surveys, DTM creation, and planimetric mapping.

(8) Annotating Photo Mosaic

Two sets of black and white photo mosaic prints will be created by the
Photogrammetry group from the digital photography. The mosaics are used to
annotate utilities, culverts, fencing, and any other features that cannot be identified on
the photo mosaics. This activity will be assigned during the survey meeting.

The annotated information is used in conjunction with the field collected survey data
to create the project mapping. A list of potential items to be annotated is located in
Section VII, Photogrammetric Surveys, in this manual on page VII-19. When this
task has been completed, the Resident Engineer's office and the Photogrammetry
group will each retain one set of photos. Extra copies may be created for consultants
involved in the preliminary survey process.

c. Planimetric and Topographic Surveys

Planimetric and topographic surveys collect measurements of natural and man-made
features. Every surveying observation can be used to determine horizontal and vertical
coordinates. However, when some of the features are mapped the vertical component is
not utilized. Additionally, not all features are graphically represented in the project
mapping files.

When planimetric features are mapped, they are represented by a graphical symbol, line,
or shape. However, these objects do not contribute to the vertical component of the
terrain model. When using the PS15 WYDOT feature code lists, planimetric features are
categorize as map codes. Examples of map codes include fences, pipes, utilities, bridges,
and guardrail. All planimetric data shall be collected in accordance with the accuracy
tolerances defined in Section VIII, Survey Standards, in this manual.

As with the planimetric features, topographic features are typically represented by a

symbol, line, or shape. However, not all of the topographic features are shown in the
project mapping files. All of the topographic features will contribute to the 3-D terrain
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models. These DTM's are used to create an indication of vertical relief (or elevation
differences) in the form of contours. WYDOT feature code lists categorize these features
as DTM codes. Examples of DTM features include pavement, ground, breaklines,
retaining walls, and sidewalks. All topographic data shall be collected in accordance
with the accuracy tolerances defined in Section VIII in this manual.

Refer to Chapters 4 and 5 in the Data Collection Manual for more information on
WYDOT feature codes and feature code lists. The following descriptions are examples
of surveys that collect both planimetric and topographic surveying features.

(1) Hydrology and Drainage Surveys

Hydrology and drainage surveys collect topographic features of waterways such as
rivers, streams, and channels. This activity will be assigned during the survey
meeting. Once the terrain has been collected, a 3-D representation of the area will be
created. The WYDOT Hydraulics Section uses the DTM information to perform a
hydraulic analysis. The amount of water a channel can carry is determined by the
channel shape and will influence the structure design.

Natural drainage channels are defined by collecting drainage flow lines and
breaklines. A drainage flow line is collected along the lowest part of the channel. A
breakline is collected along the top of the channel on each side. Additional breaklines
may be needed to properly define an irregularly shaped channel. Irrigation channels
are defined by collecting drainage bottom and drainage top lines. Different codes are
utilized if the ditch is earthen or concrete.

The collection area is dependent upon the scope of the project and will be determined
during the survey meeting. The collection area may be collected from the aerial
photography; however, these areas are normally covered with thick vegetation and a
supplemental survey is usually required.

There are many other objects that should be included in a properly collected drainage
survey. These features include but are not limited to headwalls, wing walls, retaining
walls, erosion control features, box culverts, pipe culverts, and drop inlets.

(2) Utility Surveys

Anytime the ground is disturbed there is a possibility of a utility conflict.
Consequently, accurate utility surveys are extremely important. The primary goal of
a utility survey is to identify existing utility locations within the project limits. The
utilities may be situated above ground and underground. The location and collection
of utilities will be assigned during the survey meeting. After the utility survey has
been completed, the planimetric features are included in the project mapping. Once
the utilities are mapped, potential conflicts with proposed construction activities can
be resolved during the design phase.

The entire length of the project should be included in the utility survey; however the
width of the survey may vary. For rural projects, the utility survey should include the
area within the existing right-of-way and proposed construction limits. The survey

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should also include areas that may be used for borrow sources or haul roads. For
urban projects, the utility survey should extend at least one half of a city block, or to
the adjacent alley, on either side of the mainline.

Before the utility survey can be started, each utility must be located and flagged. The
utility locate is initiated by calling One-Call of Wyoming at 1-800-849-2476. They
will notify all of the utility companies in the area of the project. One-Call of
Wyoming can also be contacted through their website, [Link].
The utility companies will then identify and mark the location of their utilities. Other
utility information may be obtained from individual utility companies and city
engineers.

In addition to taking the measurements necessary to map each utility, further

information may also be required. Additional field notes may include but not be
limited to:
 Company name or ownership of the utility
 Depth and type of buried utility
 Depth and size of underground pipelines
 Size of gas or water valves
 Size and depth of underground storage tanks
 Number and height of overhead wires
 Invert elevations at manholes, pipe inlets, and pipe outlets
Annotated photo mosaic prints can also be used as part of the utility survey. Refer to
Section VII, Photogrammetric Surveys, in this manual for a list of utilities that may
be annotated.

(3) Geology Surveys

Geology surveys are collected with specialized feature codes under the direction and
guidance of the WYDOT Geology Program. These surveys collect unique geology
features for the mapping of pits, quarries, and landslides. Most of the geology codes
are planimetric features and do not contribute to the DTM.

The geology survey may be collected by personnel from the Resident Engineer's
office or the P&S Surveys group. This activity will be assigned when a request is
submitted to the State Photogrammetry & Surveys Engineer by the Geology Program.

(4) Wetland Surveys

Wetland surveys are administered by the WYDOT Environmental Services Program.
Any questions regarding wetland surveys should be directed to Environmental
Services.

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Preliminary Surveys

(5) Land Surveys

As established by Wyoming State Statute, land surveys are required to be performed
by or under the supervision of a Professional Land Surveyor (PLS). The PLS must
also be registered in the State of Wyoming. During the survey meeting, a
representative from the Right-of-Way Program will determine the land survey
requirements for each project. The Right-of-Way Program will also determine
whether this activity will be performed by a WYDOT District Land Surveyor or a
consultant.

Land surveys are collected with specialized codes and should be collected separately
from planimetric or topographic surveys. The land surveys are then submitted
directly to the Right-of-Way Program. Consult the Right-of-Way Program for other
requirements pertaining to land surveys.

(6) Railroad Surveys

A railroad survey is necessary when highway projects create a conflict with an
existing railroad facility. Examples of these conflicts include but are not limited to:
 At-grade roadway and railroad crossings
 Roadway structures over a railroad
 Adjacent roadway and railroad alignments
Railroad surveys are typically collected up to 1000 ft from the roadway/railroad
facility. When collecting top of rail measurements, use the PROF feature code.
Refer to Section VIII, Survey Standards, in this manual for horizontal and vertical
tolerances for railroad feature codes.

The vertical profile of each railroad track and the vertical clearance of highway
structures over the tracks are critical. This information allows the designer to
determine if a vertical or horizontal re-alignment of the railroad or roadway is
necessary.

Before accessing railroad property, a signed Permit to Survey is required. In addition,

a representative from the railroad may need to accompany the surveyors. The
railroad may also require personal safety equipment (i.e. hard hat, reflective vest) be
worn while on railroad property.

5. Distribution of Survey Data and Mapping Files

The P&S Surveys group is tasked with collecting, editing, and adjusting project control data.
After the project control has been finalized, a project control spreadsheet and data collector
control file will be released. Currently, these files are placed on the Falcon data management
system for distribution. The Surveys group is also responsible for editing and adjusting
preliminary and supplemental surveys sent to P&S.

The P&S Photogrammetry group is responsible for taking the aerial photography and
creating digital imagery. The Photogrammetry group then uses the imagery to plot DTM and

VI-16 Revised January, 2016

 Section VI

Map features. The mapping files, planimetric maps and DTM's, are a combination of
information obtained from:
 Aerial photography
 Annotated photos
 Preliminary surveys
 Supplemental surveys
When the mapping files have been completed, all pertinent WYDOT Sections or Programs
are notified of their location. If consulting firms are involved in the surveying or design
process, these files are made available by placing them on the WYDOT ftp web location.

Revised January, 2016 VI-17