Hermann von Boyen
Leopold Hermann Ludwig von Boyen (20 June 1771
– 15 February 1848) was a Prussian army officer who Hermann von Boyen
helped to reform the Prussian Army in the early 19th
century. He also served as minister of war of Prussia in
the period 1810–1813 and again from 1 March 1841 –
6 October 1847.
Life
Born in Kreuzburg (today's Slavskoye, Russia) in East
Prussia, Boyen joined the army in 1784 in Königsberg.
In 1788, as a newly minted second lieutenant, he took
up a post in the military academy in Königsberg, where
he also attended some of the lectures of Immanuel
Kant. Born Hermann von Boyen
20 June 1771
From 1794 to 1796, Boyen took part in the Polish
Died 15 February 1848 (aged 76)
campaign as Adjutant to General von Günther. In 1799,
he became a captain. He served in the war of 1806 on
the General Staff of the Duke of Brunswick, and was wounded at the Battle of Auerstädt (14 October
1806). After the Treaty of Tilsit (July 1807) he became a major and a member of Gerhard von
Scharnhorst's commission for military re-organisation.
By 1810 Boyen had become Director of the Military Cabinet. In the re-constitution of the Prussian army
he functioned as Scharnhorst's most diligent helper, but after the conclusion of the alliance between
Prussia and France in 1812 he resigned his commission as a colonel and visited Vienna and St Petersburg.
The events of 1813 saw him recalled to the Prussian service: as a colonel he accompanied the Russian
army from its base in Kalisz to Saxony. After the Battle of Lützen (2 May 1813) he had charge of the
border guards and ultimately the defence of Berlin. But during the truce King Frederick William III
named him Chief of General Staff of the 3rd Army Corps. As such, Boyen participated in the battles and
skirmishes of 1813 and 1814 and gained promotion to major-general.
After the first Peace of Paris (30 May 1814) Boyen took up his appointment as War Minister. He
completed the setting up of the Landwehr reserve (begun during the war) and in 1818 became a lieutenant
general. He struggled in vain against growing reactionary forces which endangered the broad popular
base of the Landwehr, and resigned in 1819.
For 21 years Boyen lived in retirement, occupying himself with historical studies, until King Frederick
William IV, immediately after ascending the throne, recalled him to active service, and promoted him to
general of the infantry. In March 1841 he once again took over the War Ministry, though without
achieving a great influence in the general political situation. He
resigned in November 1847, received the rank of field marshal,
and died on 15 February 1848. The King named the fortress of
Lötzen in East Prussia after him.
Boyen's son, also named Hermann von Boyen, was General
Adjutant to the King. He retired a governor of Berlin in 1879.
Hermann von Boyen was buried at the Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery
in Berlin. The former football club Yorck Boyen Insterburg was
The tomb of Boyen at the
named in honor of Boyen.
Invalidenfriedhof in Berlin.
Works
Hermann von Boyen wrote (among other works):
Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Generals v. Scharnhorst (1833)
Erinnerungen aus dem Leben des Generalleutnants v. Günther (1834).
Vorwärts!: ein Husaren-Tagebuch und Feldzugsbriefe von Gebhardt Leberecht von Blücher
etc. (1914, diary during his period under the Hussars)
Gesammelte Schriften und Briefe / Blücher, Yorck, Gneisenau; zusammengestellt und hrsg.
von Edmund Th. Kauer (1932, letters, including those to Yorck and Gneisenau)
Kampagne-Journal der Jahre 1793 und 1794 (1796, campaign journal)
He also wrote the song "Der Preußen Losung" (1838).
References
K. A. Varnhagen von Ense: Leben des Fürsten Blücher von Wahlstadt. Berlin: G. Reimer,
1826 (Biographische Denkmale; Th. 3) (Preussische biographische Denkmale; 2)
The life and campaigns of Field-Marshal Prince Blücher of Wahlstatt translated in part from
the German of Count Gneisenau ... London, 1815 (and this is available in a reprint edition:
London: Constable, 1996 ISBN 0-09-476640-1)
Ernest F. Henderson: Blücher and the uprising of Prussia against Napoleon, 1806-1815.
New York: Putnam, 1911 (now available in reprint: Aylesford: R. J. Leach, c1994 ISBN 1-
873050-14-3)
Meinecke, Friedrich, Das Leben des Generalfeldmarschalls Hermann von Boyen (2
volumes, 1896–1899) (The Life of Field Marshal Hermann von Boyen)
This article incorporates material from the 4th edition of Meyers Konversations-Lexikon.
External links
Prussian history ([Link]
[Link]/[Link]?key=Person_Hermann+von_Boyen) German language
Retrieved from "[Link]
