1.
standard Equation of a Conic phase:
the overall 2d-degree equation for a conic segment is expressed as:
𝐴𝑥2+𝐵𝑥𝑦+𝐶𝑦2+𝐷𝑥+𝐸𝑦+𝐹=0Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F=0
A,B,C,D,E,F are constants.
The values of those constants decide the precise kind of conic section.
2. varieties ofConic Sections:
Circle: A circle is a special case of an ellipse where the 2 foci [Link] overall equation
is:
𝑥2+𝑦2+2𝑔𝑥+2𝑓𝑦+𝑐=0x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0
The center of the circle is at(−𝑔,−𝑓), and the radius may be derived from the equation.
Ellipse: An ellipse is defined because the set of all factors for which the sum of the
distances from fixed points (foci) is consistent. Its trendy equation in standard for is:
𝑥2/𝑎2+𝑦2/𝑏2=1
wherein
a and b are the lengths of the semi-most important and semi-minor axes, respectively.
Parabola: A parabola is a curve where each point is equidistant from a set point (focus)
and a set straight line (directrix). The equation of a parabola is:
𝑦2=4𝑎𝑥y2=4ax
that is the usual shape for a parabola with a horizontal axis of symmetry.
Hyperbola: A hyperbola includes branches, and it's miles described because the set of
factors for which the absolute distinction of the distances from fixed factors (foci) is
consistent. Its preferred equation is:
𝑥2/𝑎2−𝑦2/𝑏2=1
Directrix:
each conic phase (ellipse, hyperbola, parabola) has a focus and a directrix, which are
important for their geometric houses:
recognition: a hard and fast factor used to define the curve.
Directrix: a hard and fast ine used at the side of the point of interest to outline the curve.
Eccentricity:
Eccentricity (e) is a measure of the way a good deal a conic phase deviates from being
circular.
For a circle,
𝑒=zero
e=0.
For an ellipse,
0<𝑒<1
For a hyperbola
e>1.
Locus Definition:
Conic sections may be defined as loci (units of points) pleasing certaain geometric
situations:
Circle: The locus of points equidistant from a set point (center).
Ellipse: The locus of factors wherein the sum of the distances to 2 fixed factors (foci) is
regular.
Parabola: The locus of points equidistant from a fixed factor (recognition) and a hard and
fast line (directrix).
Hyperbola: The locus of factors wherein absolutely the difference of the distances to
constant points (foci) is constant.
tables
The type of conic section is determined as:
Circle: If A=CA = CA=C and B=0B = 0B=0.
Ellipse: If B2−4AC<0B^2 - 4AC < 0B2−4AC<0 and A≠CA \neq CA=C.
Hyperbola: If B2−4AC>0B^2 - 4AC > 0B2−4AC>0.
Parabola: If B2−4AC=0B^2 - 4AC = 0B2−4AC=0.
3. Standard Forms of Conic Sections
Circle: (x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2(x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2(x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2
Center at (h,k) and radius r.
Ellipse: (x−h)2a2+(y−k)2b2=1
Center at (h,k)(h, k)(h,k), with semi-major axis aaa and semi-minor axis bbb.
Parabola (horizontal axis): y=a(x−h)2+k
Hyperbola: (x−h)2a2−(y−k)2b2=1
Center at (h,k) , transverse axis 2a, conjugate axis 2b.
4. Key Properties of Each Conic Section
Eccentricity
Conic Equation Focus Directrix Major Properties
(e)
All points
None (No
Circle (x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2 (h,k) e=0e = 0e=0 equidistant from
directrix)
center
X-a/e,
±c\pm Sum of distances
x+a/e,
Ellipse x2a2+y2b2=1 c±c 0<e<1 from any point to
y-a/e,
(foci) foci is constant
y-a/e
Parabola y2=4axy^2 = (a,0)(a, x+_a=0,y+_a e=1e = 1e=1 Set of points
Eccentricity
Conic Equation Focus Directrix Major Properties
(e)
4axy2=4ax 0)(a,0) =0 equidistant from
focus and directrix
(ae,o)(0 Difference of
Hyperbol ,-ae)(0, x=±ae=0,y+- distances from any
x2a2−y2b2=1 e>1e > 1e>1
a ae),(-ae ae=0 point to foci is
,0) constant
5. Eccentricity of Conic Sections
The eccentricity (denoted by e) describes the "elongation" of a conic section:
Conic
Eccentricity (e)
Section
Circle e=0
Ellipse 0<e<1
Parabola e=1
Hyperbola e>1
6. Foci, Directrix, and Locus Properties
Conic Focus Directrix Locus Definition
A single point
Circle No directrix Set of points equidistant from center
(center)
Two fixed Two fixed lines Sum of distances to two fixed points (foci)
Ellipse
points (foci) (directrices) is constant
A single point A single line Set of points equidistant from focus and
Parabola
(focus) (directrix) directrix
Hyperbol Two fixed Two fixed lines Absolute difference of distances to two
a points (foci) (directrices) fixed points (foci) is constant
8. Properties of Directrices and Foci
Each conic section’s focus and directrix play a central role in its definition:
Circle: Focus is the center, and there's no directrix.
Ellipse: The sum of distances to both foci is constant.
Parabola: Every point on the parabola is equidistant from the focus and the
directrix.
Hyperbola: The difference of distances to both foci is constant.
Questions
exercise 1: 3,4
ex 2 : ( 4, 6 ,8,10,11,14,16)
ex 3 : there are only 3 q. Do it all
ex 4: (6,some questions 7 to 11,
14,15,17,20,23,21)
ex 5: ( 6,any ones from 7 to 10,
12,13,14,15,19,17)
