Introduction to General Geology
Assignment 01: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Course Name Introduction to General Geology (1430102)
Student Name Zuha Feroz
Student ID U21103776
Assignment Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Assignment 1 1
Introduction in Geology
Inductive reasoning, or inductive logic, is a type of reasoning that involves drawing a
general conclusion from a set of specific observations.
Example:
In the past, ducks have always come to our pond. Therefore, the ducks will come to our
pond this summer.
Deductive reasoning goes in the same direction as that of the conditionals, and links
premises with conclusions. Deductive reasoning moves from generalities to specific
conclusions. Example:
The abductive reasoning method is the logical process of making observations and
seeking the hypothesis that would best fit or explain those observations.
Example:
If you see an abandoned bowl of hot soup on the table, you can use abduction to
conclude the owner of the soup is likely returning soon.
1. Fill the table below:
Inductive/deductive/abductive Statement True/False
I saw a Penguin that can not fly,
Inductive reasoning Penguins are birds, all birds can not False
fly
Last summer it was hot in UAE, False
Inductive reasoning all the following summers will be
hot
I observed the dolphin birth and I
realize that dolphin is a mammal,
Deductive reasoning dolphins lives in the sea with False
fish,
all fishes are mammals
People are dying from covid, I Flase
Inductive reasoning heard that some of them were
vaccinated, vaccination is useless
The atmospheric oxygen is 28% in
Inductive reasoning UAE air, the oxygen False
concertation is the same in
Petroleum Geosciences Program (Prepared by Dr Daniel 1
Moraitis)
Introduction to General Geology
Assignment 01: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
whole atmosphere
He looks tired and he is holding
the
Abductive reasoning broom, He must have been
True
sweeping
All bottle water has a pH between
6.5 to 7.8, we drink bottle water,
Deductive reasoning humans can consume water with True
a
pH from 6.5 to 7.8
I see gravel inside the wadis, wadis
are flooded when it rains,
Abductive reasoning gravels are transported by
True
water
Sea water is salted, the salt is
Inductive reasoning salted, all types of salt are derived False
by sea evaporation
All around Earth surface water
is becoming ice below 0 degrees
C. North pole has ice, so the
Deductive reasoning north
True
pole has temperatures below
0 degrees
Write one example for inductive, deductive and abductive reasoning
Inductive:
Having seen several of my friends get great results from their new workout routine, I
now believe that this routine is likely effective for everyone.
Deductive:
All fruits have seeds.
A tomato is a fruit.
Therefore, a tomato has seeds
Abductive
I found crumbs on the kitchen counter and an open bag of cookies on the shelf, so
someone probably had a snack recently.
Petroleum Geosciences Program (Prepared by Dr Daniel 2
Moraitis)
Introduction to General Geology
Assignment 01: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Write one example for inductive, deductive and abductive
reasoning
Inductive:
Having seen several of my friends get great results from their new workout routine, I now
believe that this routine is likely effective for everyone.
Deductive:
All fruits have seeds.
A tomato is a fruit.
Therefore, a tomato has seeds
Abductive
I found crumbs on the kitchen counter and an open bag of cookies on the shelf, so
someone probably had a snack recently.
Petroleum Geosciences Program (Prepared by Dr Daniel 3
Moraitis)
