Assignment: 01
Course: ME601, Power Plant Engineering Submission Due Date: 21.04.2023
Instructor name: Dr. Deepak Kumar
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Durgapur
Topic covered: Steam generator: High pressure boilers, Subcritical and Supercritical boilers,
Calculation on economizer, Superheater, Reheater and Air preheater, Draught systems - FD,
ID and balanced draught, calculation of fan power. Circulation- natural and Forced, circulation
ratio, Performance rating of boilers. Flow through nozzles and diffusers, Shocks, Super-
saturation of steam through nozzle Flow. Steam turbines: Machines working on impulse and
reaction principles, Turbine blading, Velocity triangles, Blade speed ratio, Velocity and
pressure compounding, Stage and overall efficiencies, Degree of reaction.
1. What are the functions of the steam drum in a water tube boiler?
2. Why is too much steaming not desired in a riser tube?
3. Under what situation is natural circulation not relied upon and forced circulation adopted?
4. What is a fusible plug? Why is it used?
5. Mention the merits and demerits of fi re-tube boilers.
6. What are governing to study the Steady one-dimensional flow?
7. What is the velocity of sound in an ideal gas? On what factors does it depend?
8. What do you understand by (a) critical pressure ratio, (b) choked flow?
9. Enlist the various losses taking place in a steam turbine.
10. In an impulse turbine, the nozzle angle is α; the blade inlet and outlet angles are equal;
the blade friction factor is k; and the steam velocity at nozzle outlet is V1. Show that the
optimum blade speed is given by (V1 cosα)/2 and that the optimum blade efficiency is (1+
k)/2 cos2α. A turbine rotor has the mean diameter of 250 mm and the blade angles are equal.
The nozzle angle is 20°, the steam speed at nozzle outlet is 930 m/s and the blade friction
factor is 0.85. Find the best angle of the blades, the turbine speed in rpm, the steam
consumption to generate 10 kW, and the blade efficiency.
11. Show that in a 50% reaction steam turbine stage, the maximum stage efficiency is
2 cos2 α/(1+ cos2α), where α is the nozzle angle.
12. A steam turbine is to operate between 140 bar, 560 °C and 0.075 bar. The maximum blade
velocity is 320 m/s and the nozzle efficiency in all stages is 0.90. Nozzle angles will be 15° for
impulse stages and 25° for reaction stages. All stages operate close to the maximum
efficiency. Estimate the number of stages required for each of the following arrangements:
(a) all simple impulse stages,
(b) all 50% reaction stages,
(c) a two-row Curtis stage followed by simple impulse stages
(d) a two-row Curtis stage followed by 50% reaction stages.
13. Show that the diagram work per unit mass of steam for maxi mum blading efficiency of a
50% reaction stage is Vb2 where Vb is the mean blade velocity.
14. How is degree of reaction defi ned? What is a 50% reaction turbine?
15. What are boiler mountings and accessories ? List them.
16. A superheater is to be designed in which steam is superheated to 600°C at pressure 150
bar. The mass flow rate of ,team is 600 kg/s and steam flows through tubes at a velocity of 10
m/s. Due to material constraints, the heat flux in the superheater coils is limited to 150 kW/m2
The tubes diameter are 50 mm having 5 mm. thickness. Calculate the number and length of
superheater coils.
17. A tubular type air preheater is to be designed for a modem boiler where the hot flue
gases of mass flow rate 1350 kg/s enters the preheater at 450°C and leaves the preheater at
160°C. The air enters the preheater at 35°C and flows over the tube at the rate of 1200 kg/s.
The inlet velocity of flue gases is. 12 m/s and the tube are of 60/65 mm in size. If the overall
heat transfer coefficient is 30 W/m2K, calculate the number of tubes and the length of tubes.
Assume for flue gases cp = 1.1 and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K. For air, cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK.
18. What are the various types of draughts ? Derive the expression for Natural draught.
19. A boiler uses 2000 kg/h of coal. The temperature of air supplied is 300 K, and the average
temperature of the flue gas leaving the chimney is 650 K. The 33 m high steel chimney
produces a draught of 20 mm of water column. Determine the (a) quantity of air supplied per
kg of coal, (b) the draught in terms of column of hot gases, and (c) the base diameter of the
chimney, assuming that 10% of the theoretical draught is used for creating the flow velocity
of gases through the chimney.
20. Consider a rocket engine burning hydrogen and oxygen; the combustion chamber
temperature and pressure are 3400 K and 20 atm, respectively. The molecular weight of the
chemically reacting gas in the combustion chamber is 16, and y = 1.22. The pressure at the
exit of the convergent-divergent rocket nozzle is 1.24 x 10-2 atm. The area of the throat is 0.4
m2. Assuming a calorically perfect gas and isentropic flow, calculate: (a) the exit Mach
number, (b) the exit velocity, (c) the mass flow through the nozzle, and (d) the area of the
exit.
