Layering a propagation method

Layering a propagation method

Layering

• Layering is a technique for plant propagation

in which a portion of an aerial stem is
encouraged to grow roots while still
attached to the parent plant and then
removed and planted as an independent plant.
 Layering
• The stem remains attached to the plant during
rooting and is continually applied with water
and mineral through the intact xylem.
• Since the phloem is generally disrupted by
girdling, incision or bending of attached
branch, the base of the layer accumulates
carbohydrates.
 Advantages of layering
• Effective for those which can not root easily by
cutting, litchi,
• Best for naturally reproduced the layering,
black berries, and black berries
• Easy to perform
• Produced large plants within short time
 Disadvantages
• Root stock benefits can not be achieved
• Mortality rate in some cases is high.
• Requires more time than other methods of
propagation.
• Fewer plants can be started from each parent
plant
 Factors affecting the success of
layering
1. Stem treatment
bending, girdling and wounding interrupt the
downward translocation of organic material
like carbohydrates, auxines from the leaves
and the growing tips.
These materials are accumulated near the
point of treatment and help the better rooting
 Factors affecting the success of
layering
2. Etiolation treatment (exclusive of light)
covering of stem with rooting media cause the
root initiation
3. Physiological condition of mother plants
times are associated with the movement --
growth end season more carbohydrates
4. Rejuvenation of the stock plants
young plants perform better in stooling
 Factors affecting the success of
layering
5. Treatment with growth regulators
IBA, NAA, IAA, Serdix powder
6. Nutrition
7. The environmental conditions
Relatively humidity and temperature
 Types of Layering
Simple layering
Tip layering
Compound/Serpentine layering
Trench layering
Air layering
Mound or stool layering
 Simple layering
• Simple layering is done by bending a branch
towards the ground and burying a portion of it
while the tip remains uncovered. (spring and
rainy season)
• Treatment with rooting hormone is helpful.
• Layering is done in early spring while plants
are still dormant or in late summer on wood
that has not become woody.
• .goose berry and so many other plants
Simple layering
 Tip layering
• Simplest form which often occur naturally and
natural methods of propagation in black
berry, raspberries and dew beery
• Tips are bend and berried in the soil at the
depth of 5-10cm and rooting takes place
• Rooting in the buried shoots takes place with
a month
• Back berries, raspberries. Goose berry
Tip layering
 Serpentine or compound layering
• One year branch is alternatively covered and
exposed along its length
• Stem can be girdled at different points
• Exposed area should be at least with one bud
to develop a new shoot
• After rooting section are cut and planted in
the field
• Muscadine Grapes
Serpentine or compound layering
 Trench layering
• Suitable for Wood plants
• Mostly used in apple root stock M16 or M25
and walnut
• Mother plants are planted at trench
• Branches which flexible pegged down on the
ground new shoots buried up to depth of 15-
20 cm in autumn
 Trench layering-
• Trench layering- dig a shallow trench near the
plant and place a stem attached to the plant in
the trench. Cover it with 2-5 inches of soil.
After a few weeks, roots develop and may be
removed from parent
Trench layering
 Mound layering-
• Mound layering- parent plant is pruned to within 2-4
inches of ground during its dormant season.
• In spring, new shoots are cut back to 2-4 inches.
• In summer, soil is mounded over half of new shoots.
• They will form roots in the mound of soil and may be
separated from parent plant.
Mound Layerage
 Air layering
• Air layering can be used to propagate large,
overgrown house plants such as rubber plants.
• Woody ornamentals such as magnolia,, and
holly can also be propagated by air layering.
• For optimum rooting, make air layers in the
spring on shoots produced during the previous
season or in mid to late summer on shoots
from the current season’s growth.
 Air layering
• Method
• Remove a portion of the bark on the stem and
cover with moistened sphagnum moss.
• Then cover with plastic to prevent drying out;
roots should form in this area
 Air layering

• Surround the wound with moist, sphagnum moss

(about a handful) that has been soaked in water and
squeezed to remove excess moisture.
• Wrap the moss with plastic and hold in place with
twist ties or electrician’s tape.
• Fasten each end of the plastic securely, to retain
moisture and to prevent water from entering.
• Aluminum foil can also be used, as it does not
require twist ties or tape to hold it in place.
 Air Layering
• The process for layering is as 1-inch ring of bark is
removed from the stem.
• With a sharp knife, make two parallel cuts about an
inch apart around the stem and through the bark and
cambium layer.
• Connect the two parallel cuts with one long cut and
remove the ring of bark, leaving the inner woody
tissue exposed.
• Scrape the newly bared ring to remove the cambial
tissue to prevent a bridge of callus tissue from
forming.
 Air Layering
• Wounded portion are treated with rooting hormones.\
• Cover that portion with mud/ compost
• Wrap and cover these material for holding that material.
• Moist them with relating the weather
• After the rooting medium is filled with roots, this portion is
separated from the mother plants.
• Transplanted as individual plants in nursery for some period .
• When root system is established it can be
transplanted on permanent places
Air Layering
 Air Layering
A limb is rooted in the spring
and summer while still
attached to the parent plant.

After several months, the limb

with new roots inside the air-
layer is cut from the parent plant
and potted.
 Air
Layering
The best time to air layer
is in the spring and early
summer.

Select a limb and

remove bark where
roots will eventually
grow.
 Air Layering
A rooting hormone will
speed up root
development

Wrap the wound in very

moist sphagnum or
moist potting soil.
 Air
Layering
The best time to air layer
is in the spring and early
summer.

Select a limb and

remove bark where
roots will eventually
grow.
 Air Layering
Wrap the rooting media
around the limb and
cover with a sheet of
plastic or plastic wrap.

Secure the plastic wrap

around the limb with a
twist tie or tape.
 Air Layering

Secure both ends to

hold moisture.

Wrap the entire air

layer with aluminum
foil to keep light out of
the air layer.
 Air Layering
The air layer should
stay in place through
the summer or until the
limb has produced
roots.

The limb can be cut

from the parent plant
and potted. You will
probably be rewarded
with blooms the
following spring.
Air Layerage
Air Layered Branches
 METHODS of vegetative
propagation: Division

• Utilization of specialized vegetative structures

– Runner strawberry
– Bulb onion, tulip
– Corm gladiolus
– Rhizome iris/ banana
– Tuber potato
– Tuberous root sweet potato
– Off-shoot daylily/dates /banana
 Runners/ stolen
• The original plant sends out the modified
stems, runners/stolons, which produce new
upright branches and roots at the nodes. If the
runner/stolon is broken or cut, new
individuals are the result. Runners and stolons
are used commercially for mints, strawberries,
and many grasses.
Runners of mints
 Bulb
• The specialized/modified underground stem
bearing the overlapping membrane-like lead
bases: function as storage of food .
• Conical disc which gives off adventitious roots
from its under surface
Bulb
Scaly bulb of garlic
 Corm
• A solid enlarged, fleshy under ground stem,
rounded in shape , composed of two or more
internodes and covered externally by a few
thin membranous scales.
Corms
 Corms- Specialized roots and stems

• Corms- Swollen base of

stem axis- Solid-
– Gladiolus,
– Crocus

Gladiolus
corm with bulblets
Corm of Colocasia
 Rhizome iris

• are stem tissue,

growing horizontally
at or just below the
soil surface. Many
perennial grasses
spread by rhizomes.
Rhizome
Iris rhizome
Rhizome of Ginger
 Tuber (Potato)
• It is swollen stem tissue with nodes and
internodes. Tuberous plants can be dug up and
the tubers separated.
• In separating the tubers, each must have a
segment of the crown that contains at least one
eye or bud.
Tubers
Potato tuber
 Tuberous roots
• A tuberous root is root tissue. Sweet
potatoes and tuberous rooted begonias
provide good examples.
Tuberous Root
Offshoot/suckers
 METHODS of vegetative
propagation
• Induction of adventitious roots/shoots
– Layering: Regeneration while attached to plant.
– Cutting: Regeneration when detached from plant.
Black berry
Goose berry