Modern surveying Instruments

Total Station

An electronic/ optical instrument used in modern surveying and building construction that uses
electronic transit theodolite In connection with electronic distance meter ( EDM). It is also integrated
with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system.

The instrument is used to measure sloping distance of object to the instrument, horizontal angles and
vertical angles. These microprocessor unit enables for computation of data collected to further calculate
the horizontal distance, coordinates of a point and reduce level of point.

Theodolite

Basic surveying instrument of a known origin but going back to the 16th century English mathematician
Leonard Doggies; it is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. In its modern form it consists of a
telescope mounted to swivel both horizontally and vertically. A theodolite is a precision instrument for
measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theodolite are used mainly for surveying
applications, and have been adopted for specialised purposes in fields like metrology and rocket launch
technology.

A modern theodolite conceits of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes the
horizontal trunnion axis, and the vertical axis. When the telescope is pointed at a target object, the
angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision.

GPS (Global Positioning System)

The global positioning system (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location
and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the earth where there is an
unobstructed line of site to four or more GPS satellites. Resist them provides critical capabilities to
military, civil, and commercial users around the world. The GPS is a satellite base navigation system
made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the US Department of Defense.

Photogrammetry/ Drone

Photogrammetry is the art and science of making accurate measurements by means of aerial
photography.

Optical square

The optical square uses a pentaprism to reflect and refract a beam or sighting 90 degrees, it is used in
pairs and surveying and in singular block in metrology.

Plumb Bob laser

LDM (Laser Distance Meter)

Laser measurement tools are based on the principle of reflection of a laser beam. To measure a
distance, the device emits a pulse of laser in the direction of an object, for example a wall. The time
necessary for the laser beam to get to the object and go back determines the measurement of the
distance. In consideration of the speed of light, distances can be defined precisely with this kind of laser.
Laser distance meters can also accumulate independently to calculate surface and volumes.

Prismatic Compass

A prismatic compass is a navigation and surveying instrument which is extensively used to find out the
bearing of the traversing and included angles between waypoints (an endpoint of the closure) and
direction.

Prisms

Optical survey prisms are a specially designed retro reflector specifically a corner reflector that is used to
reflect the electronic distance measurement (EDM) beam from a total station. A survey prison reflex the
EDM beam back to its source with both a wide angle of incidence and with high precision.

Levelling staff

A level stuff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated feet and meter on aluminium rod, used with a
levelling instrument to determine the difference in height between points or heights of points above a
vertical datum. It cannot be used without a levelling instrument.

Prism pole

A prism pole can be used to measure the elevation of specific ground point by using a sight level, which
is important if you want to get accurate results. You can find a survey poll in a variety of materials – from
metal and fibreglass to a variety of composites.

Bipods

Find a collection of aluminium survey bipods, carbon fibre bipods, quick release bipods, and more easy
level adjustment for better precision and accuracy.

Measuring wheel

The measuring wheel, also known as surveyor's wheel, click wheel, perambulator, odometer, way wiser,
or trundle wheel– is a tool used to measure distances. Measuring wheels have a counting mechanism
that counts the number of rotations in uses the circle for ends of the wheel to calculate the distance
covered.
Tripod

A tripod is a portable three legged frame or stand, used as a platform for supporting the weight and
maintaining the stability of some other objects. It is used to give stability to other survey instruments as
total station, and auto level.