UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS

Question Paper Code: 27201

PART-A
1. Find the reflection coefficient of a 50 Ω transmission line when it is terminated by a
load impedance of 60 + j 40 Ω.

Z0 = 5 Ω, ZL  60  j40

Z L  Z0
Reflection Co-efficient K 
Z L  Z0

60  j40  50
K  0.35 55.98
60  j40  50

2. What is meant by distortion less line?

A line in which there is no phase or frequency distortion and is also correctly
terminated. Condition: LG = RC
3. A lossless transmission line has a shunt capacitance of 100 pF/m and a series
inductance of 4 µH/m. Determine the characteristic impedance.

C = 100 pF/m; L=4 /

Characteristic impedance Z0 = R0 = = 200 Ω

4. For the line of zero dissipation, what will be the values of attenuation constant and
characteristic impedance?
Attenuation constant =0
Characteristic impedance Z0 = R0 (wholly resistive)
5. List the applications of a Quarter-wave line.
Coupler, Inverter
Copper Insulator
6. Distinguish between single stub and double stub matching.

Single Stub Double Stub

Stub location is at definite point The locations of stubs are arbitrary
For Co-axial lines single stub is not Double stub matching can be used
2 University Question Paper Code: 27201

suitable since the stub locations are without any difficulty on the co-axial
difficult to locate lines
Final adjustments cannot be made on Both the length and location of the stubs
the location of the stub. Only length can be adjustable
of the stub can be adjustable

7. Determine the value of L required by a constant-K T-section high pass filter with a cut
off frequency of 1 KHz and design impedance of 600 Ω.
RK
L
4 f c

600
 = 47.74 × 10-3 H = 47.74 mH
4  3.14 110 3

8. What are the advantages of m-derived filters?

Advantages of m-derived filters:
i. Sharper cut-off characteristics with steeper rise at fc
ii. Characteristics impedance of the filter will be more uniform within the pass
band.

9. A rectangular waveguide of cross section 5 cm × 2 cm is used to propagate TM11

mode at 10 GHz. Determine the cut-off wave length.

C = = 3.714 cm

10. Write the applications of cavity resonators.

i. Used in tuned circuits
ii. In microwave frequency meter
iii. In UHF tubes, klystron amplifier, oscillators and duplexer of radar\
iv. Microwave circuit element
3 University Question Paper Code: 27201

PART - B
11. (a) (i) Explain in detail about the wave-form distortion and also derive the condition
for distortion less line.
(ii) Derive the expressions for input impedance of open and short circuited lines.
(b) (i) A parallel-wire transmission line is having the following line parameters at
5 KHz. Series resistance (R = 2.59 × 10-3 Ω/m), Series inductance
(L = 2 µH/m), Shunt conductance (G = 0  / m ) and capacitance between
conductors (C = 5.56 nF/m). Find the characteristic impedance, attenuation
constant, phase shift constant, velocity of propagation and wavelength.
(ii) A 2 meter long transmission line with characteristic impedance of 60 + j 40 Ω
is operating at = 106 rad/sec has attenuation constant of 0 rad/m. If the line is
terminated by a load of 20 + j 50 Ω, determine the input impedance of this line.

RG   2 LC  (RG   2 LC) 2   2 (LG  CR) 2

a) (i) 
2

All frequencies transmitted on a line not be attenuated equally. Since α is a

function of frequency – frequency distortion.

2 LC  RG  (RG   2 LC) 2   2 (LG  CR) 2


2

Definition for phase (or) delay distortion

Definition for distortion less line
2
(RG + LC)2 = (R2 + 2 2
L ) (G2 + 2 2
C)
LG = CR
( ) ( )
(ii) ZS = ZO
( ) ( )

For Open circuited line, ZR = ∞

ZOC = ZO cot h (γ l)
For Short circuited line, ZR = 0
ZSC = ZO tan h (γ l)

ZO = .
4 University Question Paper Code: 27201

b) (i) R = 2.59 103  / m ; L = 2 H / m

G = 0 /m; C = 5.56 pF/m

F = 5 KHz

R  jL Z
Z0 = 
G  jC Y

Z = R  jL = 2.59 103  j2 5 103  2 106

= 62.88 103 87.64o

Y = j2  5 103  5.56 109 = 1.747 104 90o

62.88 103 87.64o

Z0 = = 18.97   1.18o  / m
1.747 10 4 90o

γ= (R  j  L)(G  jC) = ZY

= 3.314 103 88.82o

= 68.25 106  j3.313 103

 = 68.25 106 Np / m

 = 3.313 103 rad / m


Phase velocity vp =


2 5 103
vp = 3
 9.48 106 m / s
3.31310

2 2
 =   6896 m
 3.313 103

 ZL cos h ( )  ZO sin h ( ) 

(ii) ZS = ZO  
 ZO cos h ( )  ZL sin h ( ) 

ZS = 71.534 34.56 (or)

ZS = 58.9 + j 40.58
5 University Question Paper Code: 27201

12. (a) Discuss the various parameters of open-wire and co-axial lines at radio
frequency. (Or)
(b) (i) A lossless line in air having a characteristic impedance of 300 Ω is terminated
in unknown impedance. The first voltage minimum is located at 15 cm from
the load. The standing wave ratio is 3.3. Calculate the wavelength and
terminated impedance.
(ii) Derive the expression that permit easy measurements of power flow on a line
of negligible losses.
(a) (i) Parameters of the open wire line at radio frequency

d d
L = 4 107 ln   (or) 9.21107 log10   H / m
 
a a  

a = radius of conductor
d = distance between conductor

277 12.07
C= (or) F / m
d log(d/ a)
ln  
a

R ac
= 7.53 a F
R dc

Parameters of the coaxial line at radio frequency

b b
L = 2 107 ln   (or) 4.6 107 log10   H / m
 
a a 

55.5  r 24.14
C= (or) F / m
 
b b
ln   log10  
a a

1 1
Rac = 4.16 108 F     / m
b a 

1 1 1 
Rdc =  2  2 2  / m
  a (c  b ) 

3.3 1 2.3
(b) (i) |k| =   0.53
3.3 1 4.3

Z R  ZO
K =  ZR  976 
Z R  ZO
6 University Question Paper Code: 27201

 2  15
2   0      0.6 m  60 cm
   100

(ii) For a dissipation less line

I R (ZR  ZO )
E= 1  | K |   2 S
2

I R (ZR  ZO )
I= 1 | K |   2s 
2R O

I R (ZR  R O )
Emax =  1  | k |
2

I R (ZR  R O )
Imax = (1  | k |)
2R O

E max E
= RO and min = RO
I max I min

E max 1  | k | 
= RO   = SRO = Rmax
I min 1  | k | 

E min R
= O  R min
I max S

E 2 max E 2 min
P= 
R max R min

E 2max .E 2min | E | | E min|

P2 =  P  max
R max .R min RO

Also P = (|Imax| |Imin|)RO

13. (a) (i) What is Quarter-wave line?

(ii) A 75 Ω lossless transmission line is to be matched with a 100 - j 80 Ω load

using single stub. Calculate the stub length and its distance from the load
corresponding to the frequency of 30 MHz using Smith chart.

(b) (i) Discuss the principle of double stub matching with neat diagram.

(ii) A 300 Ω transmission line is connected to a load impedance of (450 - j 600) Ω

at 10 MHz. Find the position and length of a short circuited stub required to
match the line using Smith chart.
7 University Question Paper Code: 27201

(a) (i) Quarter wave line definition and diagram

Impedance inverter R1O  ZS ZR (or)

R O2
ZS 
ZR

ZL 100  j80
(ii) Z    1.33  j1.06
ZO 75

Locating admittance load

Drawing S circle

YR
Locating intersection of S circle with  1 circle location of the stub
GO
from load

 S  0.92 

 = 10 m

 S  9.2m

The susceptance to be cancelled is +j 1.1

The length of the stub is

 t  0.372 

 t  3.72 m

(b) (i) Diagram for double stub matching

Explanation with equations

(ii) Given ZL = (450  j600), ZO = 300 

ZL
Using Smith Chart, Plot ZL 
ZO
Then find SWR = 4.6

Find the stub length as 0.085 

8 University Question Paper Code: 27201

Distance to stub = 0.13 

14. (a) (i) Explain the operation and design of constant-K T section band elimination
filter with necessary equations and diagrams.

(ii) Design a constant K band pass filter (both T and sections) having a design
impedance of 600 Ω and cut-off frequencies of 1 KHz and 4 KHz.

(b) (i) Design an m-derived T section low pass filter having cut off frequency of
1 KHz. Design impedance is 400 Ω and the resonant frequency is 1100 Hz.

(ii) Derive the equations for the characteristic impedance of symmetrical T and
networks.

(iii) Discuss the properties of symmetrical network in terms of characteristic

impedance and propagation constant.

(a) (i)

Operation of constant K-band elimination (T-section) filter

Design Equations:

R K  f 2  f1  1
L1 =  , C1 =
  f 2 f1  4R K (f 2  f1 )

RK 1  f 2  f1 
L2 = , C2 =  
4(f 2  f1 ) R K   f1f 2 

RK is design impedance; f1 and f2 are cut off frequencies.

(ii) Given f1 = 1 KHz, f2 = 4 KHz, RK = 600

f 2  f1
C1 =  0.09945 F
4R K f1f 2
9 University Question Paper Code: 27201

RK 600
L1 =   63.66 mH
(f 2  f1 ) 3.14(4  1)  103

1
C2 =  0.1768 F
R K (f 2  f1 )

R K (f 2  f1 )
L2 =  35.8 mH
4f1f 2

(b) (i) Given RK = 400 , fc = 1000 Hz and f = 1100 Hz

2
f 
m = 1   C   0.416
 f 

RK
L=  127.32 mH
f L

1
C=  0.795 F
R K f C
10 University Question Paper Code: 27201

(ii)

Z1
in =

  2Z2 Z0  
 Z1     2Z2
Z1 Z (Z / 2  Z0 )   2Z2  Z0  
 2 1 Z1 in =
2 Z1 / 2  Z2  Z0 Z1 
2Z2 Z0
 2Z2
2Z2  Z0

Substituting Z1 in = Z0 Substituting Z1 in = Z0

Z12 Z1Z2
Z02   Z1Z2 Z0  
4 1  Z1 / 4 Z2

 Z 
ZOT = Z1 Z2  1  1 
 4Z 2 

(iii)
11 University Question Paper Code: 27201

 Z1 
E = I1   Z2   I 2 Z2
 Z2 

 Z1 
0 =  I1Z2  I 2   Z 2  Z0 
 2 

I1 Z1 / 2  Z2  Z0
Current ratio   e
I2 Z2

Z1
Z0 = Z2 (e   1) 
2

Z12
For a T network, Z0   Z1Z2
4

Substituting equation (5) in equation (3)

  Z 
2 
Z Z
  ln 1  1   1   1 
 2Z2  2Z2  Z2 
 

For a short circuited network

ZR = 0 ZSC = Z0 tan hγ

For an open circuit ZR = ∞

Z0
ZOC =
tan h 

Eq. 7, 8 Z0 = ZOC ZSC

ZSC
and tan h γ =
ZOC

15. (a) A rectangular air-filled copper waveguide with dimension 0.9 inch × 0.4 inch
cross section and 12 inch length is operated at 9.2 GHz with a dominant mode.
Find cut-off frequency, guide wave-length, phase velocity, characteristics
impedance and the loss.

(Or)
12 University Question Paper Code: 27201

(b) Using Bessel function derive the TE wave components in circular wave guides.
(a) a = 0.9 inch = 2.28 cm; f = 9.2 GHz
b = 0.4 inch = 1.01 cm

l = 12 inch = 30.48 cm

 = 30/9.2 = 3.26 cm

Dominant mode is TE10. Therefore m = 1, n = 0.

c 30
fc =   6.579 GHz
2a 2  2.28


g =  4.664 cm
1  (f c / f) 2

c
γp =  4.29  108 m / s
2
f 
1  c 
f 

377
Z0 =  539.3 
2
f 
1  c 
f 

f 
RS =


3.14  9.2  109  410 7

=  2.5  10 2 
5.8  107

R S 1  2b / a (f c / f) 2 
αc =
b  o / o 1  (f c / f) 2

= 1.36  104 Np / cm

Total Attenuation = 1.36 × 10-4 × 30.48

= 4.15 × 10-3 Np

= 8.686 × 4.15 × 10-3 dB = 0.036 dB

13 University Question Paper Code: 27201

(b) TEmn mode EZ = 0 and HZ ≠ 0

 j 1 H Z j  E Z
E   2
h  
2
h 

j 1 E Z j  H Z
H   2
h  
2
h 

j  E Z j H Z
E   2
h 
2
h 

 j E Z j 1  H Z
H   2
h 2  h  

HZ = H 0Z J n (h )cos n  e jz

Applying the boundary conditions

E  0 H Z
  0
(tangential) at   a  a

H  0 H Z
  0
(normal) at   a  a

Jn(ha) = 0

 Xn 
E   E 0 J n    (sin(n )) e  jz
 a 

E 0  Xn 
H  Jn    (cos(n ))e  jz
Zg  a 

 Xn 
E   E  J n    (cos(n )) e  jz
 a 

E0  Xn 
H  Jn    (sin(n ))e  jz
Zg  a 