Lec-2
DATA WAREHOUSE
ARCHITECTURE
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Agenda
Software Architecture
Presentation Layer
Business Layer
Data Layer
Types Architecture
1 -tier Architecture
2-tier Architecture
3-tier Architecture
N -tier Architecture
.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Software Architecture
• Software Architecture consists of One Tier, Two Tier,
Three Tier and N-Tier architectures.
• A “tier” can also be referred to as a “layer”.
• Three layers involved in the application namely
1. Presentation Layer
2. Business Layer
3. Data Layer
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Presentation Layer
• It is also known as Client layer. Top most layer of an
application. This is the layer we see when we use a software.
By using this layer we can access the webpages. The main
functionality of this layer is to communicate with Application
layer. This layer passes the information which is given by the
user in terms of keyboard actions, mouse clicks to the
Application Layer.
For example, login page of Gmail where an end user could see
text boxes and buttons to enter user id, password and to click
on sign-in.(in simple words it to view application)
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Presentation Layer
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Application Layer
• It is also known as Business Logic Layer which is also known
as logical layer. As per the Gmail login page example, once
user clicks on the login button, Application layer interacts with
Database layer and sends required information to the
Presentation layer. It controls an application’s functionality by
performing detailed processing. This layer acts as a mediator
between the Presentation and the Database layer. Complete
business logic will be written in this layer.
• In a simple words, it is to perform operations on the application.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Data Layer
• The data is stored in this layer. Application layer
communicates with Database layer to retrieve the data. It
contains methods that connects the database and
performs required action e.g.: insert, update, delete etc.
• In a simple words, it is to share and retrieve the data.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Data warehouse Architecture types?
• DW architecture helps in design, development,
implementation, and maintenance of a database. A database
stores critical information for a business. Selecting the correct
Database Architecture helps in quick and secure access to this
data.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
1- tier Architecture
• The simplest of DW Architecture are 1 tier where the
Client, Server, and Database all reside on the same
machine. Anytime you install a DB in your system and
access it to practice SQL queries it is 1 tier architecture.
But such architecture is rarely used in production.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
• One tier architecture has all the layers such as
Presentation, Business, Data Access layers in a single
software package. Applications which handles all the
three tiers such as MP3 player, MS Office are come under
one tier application. The data is stored in the local system
or a shared drive
• One Tier application call Standalone application
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Figure : 1-tier Architecture Diagram
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Two-tier Architecture
• A two-tier architecture is a database architecture where
1. Presentation layer runs on a client (PC, Mobile, Tablet, etc) Client
Application (Client Tier)
2. Data is stored on a Server. Database (Data Tier)
• An application interface which is called ODBC (Open Database
Connectivity) an API which allows the client-side program to call the DBMS.
Today most of the DBMS offers ODBC drivers for their DBMS. 2 tier
architecture provides added security to the DBMS as it is not exposed to
the end user directly.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
• Client system handles both Presentation and
Application layers and Server system handles Database
layer. It is also known as client server application. The
communication takes place between the Client and the
Server. Client system sends the request to the Server system
and the Server system processes the request and sends
back the data to the Client System
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Figure:2-tier Architecture Diagram
In the above 2-teir architecture we can see that one server
is connected with clients 1, 2m and 3. This architecture
provides Direct and faster communication.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
3-tier Architecture
3-tier schema is an extension of the 2-tier architecture.
3-tier architecture has following layers
1. Presentation layer (your PC, Tablet, Mobile, etc.)
(Client Tier)
2. Application layer (server) (Business Tier)
3. Database layer (database Server ,Data Tier)
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
• Client system handles Presentation layer, Application server
handles Application layer and Server system handles
Database layer.
• This DBMS architecture contains an Application layer
between the user and the DBMS, which is responsible for
communicating the user's request to the DBMS system and
send the response from the DBMS to the user.
• The application layer(business logic layer) also processes
functional logic, constraint, and rules before passing data to
the user or down to the DBMS
• Three tier architecture is the most popular DBMS architecture.
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
The goal of Three-tier architecture is
• To separate the user applications and physical database
• Proposed to support DBMS characteristics
• Program-data independence
• Support of multiple views of the data
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
Figure: 3-tier Architecture diagram
Data Warehousing -Abdelrhman Elsamani
N-Tier architecture
• N-Tier application AKA Distributed application. It is similar
to three tier architecture but number of application servers
are increased and represented in individual tiers in order
to distributed the business logic so that the logic will be
distributed.
