HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II
Part VI Microscopic world II
Q1
Which of the following molecules contain four atoms on the same plane?
(1) Methanal
(2) Phosphorus pentachloride
(3) Tetrachloromethane
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
##A A tetrachloromethane molecule is tetrahedral in shape. The four chlorine atoms
lie at the corners of a tetrahedron with the carbon atom at the centre.##
Q2
Which of the following molecules are non-polar?
(1) CS2
(2) CCl2=CCl2
(3) (CH3)2C=O
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
##A The polarities of the polar bonds in CS2 and CCl2=CCl2 can cancel out each
other. Hence, they are non-polar molecules.
The polarities of the polar bonds in (CH3)2C=O cannot be cancelled out each other.
Hence, it is polar molecule. (The polarities of the CH bonds are negligible in
(CH3)2C=O.)
##
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II
Q3
Which of the following statements about phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) are correct?
(1) The phosphorus atom contributes three bonding electrons in PCl3.
(2) The total number of lone pair electrons in a PCl3 molecule is 10.
(3) A jet of liquid PCl3 will be deflected by a negatively charged rod.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
##D The shape of a PCl3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal. The polarity of the three
PCl bonds cannot cancel out each other and so a PCl3 molecule is polar. A jet of
liquid PCl3 will be deflected by a negatively charged rod.##
Q4
Which of the following compounds, when dissolved in water, forms a solution that
does not conduct electricity?
A. NH3
B. SO2
C. CH3OH
D. NaOH
##C CH3OH can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. After dissolved in
water, the solution consists of methanol molecules and water molecules.##
Q5
Which of the following statements about hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is/are correct?
(1) It is a linear molecule.
(2) It is slightly soluble in water.
(3) Each molecule can form one hydrogen bond on average.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
##B H2S is a V-shaped molecule. No hydrogen bonding exists between H2S
molecules.##
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II
Q6
Oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are allotropes. The electron diagram of O3 is shown as
below:
(a) What is the meaning of the term ‘allotropes’? (1 mark)
(b) What is the shape of an ozone molecule? (1 mark)
(c) State and explain whether oxygen or ozone has a higher solubility in water.
(2 marks)
##
(a) Allotropes are different forms of an element in the same physical state. 1
(b) V-shaped 1
(c) O2 molecule is non-polar while O3 molecule is polar. 1
As water is a polar solvent, O3 has a higher solubility in water. 1
___
4
##
Q7
Water is a polar solvent. Many polar substances dissolve well in water.
(a) What type of intermolecular forces predominantly exists between water
molecules? (1 mark)
(b) Hydronium ions (H3O+) form when hydrogen chloride is bubbled into water.
(i) With the aid of an electron diagram, explain the formation of hydronium
ions during the process. (3 marks)
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II
(ii) Explain why the viscosity of the resultant solution increases when more
hydrogen chloride is bubbled into water. (2 marks)
##
(a) Hydrogen bonds 1
(b) (i) When HCl dissolves in water, it ionizes to give H+ ions and Cl ions. 1
A dative covalent bond forms between a H + ion and a lone pair of
electrons on the O atom in H2O. 1
1
(ii) When more HCl is bubbled into water, more ionic bonds (between
H3O+ and Cl) are present in the resultant solution. 1
These ionic bonds are stronger than the intermolecular forces
originally present. Hence, the viscosity of the resultant solution
increases. 1
___
6
##
Q8
The solid states of water and carbon dioxide are known as ice and dry ice
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part VI Microscopic world II
respectively.
(a) What types of intermolecular forces exist in ice and dry ice respectively?
(2 marks)
(b) Compare and explain whether ice or dry ice is harder. (2 marks)
(c) State what would be observed when the following substances are placed on the
bench respectively.
(i) Ice (1 mark)
(i) Dry ice (1 mark)
##
(a) Ice: hydrogen bonds and van der Waals’ forces 1
Dry ice: van der Waals’ forces 1
(b) The intermolecular forces between H 2O molecules in ice are stronger
than those between CO2 molecules in dry ice. 1
Hence, ice is harder than dry ice. 1
(c) (i) Ice melts. A colourless liquid forms at the bottom of the ice. 1
(ii) Dry ice gets smaller and smaller and white fumes form. 1
___
6
##
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