HOW TO CRACK THE

IELTS
WRITING
TEST c1>
 HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITTING TEST - VOL 1

Copyright© 0$ng Tr.tin Tung, 2020

Sach dU'Q'C xuat ban va phat hanh theo hqp dong hqp tac xuat ban

d('>c quy€m ky ket giCra tac gia va Cong ty Co phan Sach Alpha,

2019 Khong phan nao trong xuat ban pham nay dU'Q'C phep sao

chep hay

phat h nh dU'&i bat ky hlnh thll'c ho$c phU'ang ti(:ln nao ma khong c6 Sl,J'

cho phep tm&c b.'.ing van ban cua Cong ty Co phan Sach Alpha.

Chung toi luon mong muon nh n dU'Q'C nhCrng y kien dong g6p

cua quy vi d('>c gia de sach ngay cang hoan thi(:ln han.

G6p y ve sach, lien h(:l ve ban thao va ban dich:

[email protected]

Lien h(:l hqp tac ve n('>i dung so: [email protected]

Lien h(:l hqp tac xuat ban & truyen thong tren sach:

[email protected]

Lien h(:l dich v1,1 tU' van, d9i di(:ln & giao dich ban quyen:

[email protected]
HOW TO CRACK

ELT
WRITING
TEST CD
Giai mo mQi dgng bai
trong IELTS Writing Task
2
 LOI KHEN T NG

"How to crack the IELTS Writing test - Vol 1 provides

idiomatic and more complex vocabulary within the
contexts of model essay. A billingual asset for
Vietnamese IELTS candidates, it uses a range
of dynamic visual and typographical features to
create an authentic and impactful resource for mid-
to-high-level learners."

T.S. Martin B. Andrew, Chuyen gia PhU'O'ng Giao

d1:1c Xuyen nganh va Xuyen quf>c gia

"How to crack the IELTS Writing test- Vol 1 c6 each truy n

dc;tt dung tr9ng tam, de hieu va hi$u qua. NgU'oi h9c
dU'Q'C tiep c m nhi u chu d da dc;tng va c p nh t thu(>c
cac chu diem thU'ong gi;\p trong kl thi IELTS. Moi chu
d cung c§p cho ngU'oi h9c nhCmg hU'&ng dan ngim g9n
de tung bU'&c chuan bi y tU'&ng, nang c§p tu vl,l'ng, cai
thi$n ngCr phap, t6 chll'c va hoan thi$n bai viet. Toi tin
tU'&ng cu6n sach la m6n qua y nghTa ma Tung va cac c(>ng
SI! d§y tam huyet danh ti;\ng cha cac thf
sinh IELTS."

Co Trfm Thi Hieu Thuy, Th c si TESOL, giang vien PhU'O'ng phap Giang d y tieng
Anh, khoa SU' ph m tieng Anh - trU'C:mg O i h9c Ngo i ng[I' - O i h9c Qu6c gia Ha
N(>i

"Toi dU'Q'C 9.0 IELTS Writing va dang hQC them tu cu6n

sach nay."

Vu Hai Oang-Chevenor, 9.0 IELTS Writing

41 HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 "Bf kip b6 tui kh6ng the b6 qua cho nhCrng ai mu6n gianh
diem cao trong bai thi IELTS Writing. Cu6n sach cung
cap nhCrng chi dan chi tiet ve phLJ'O'ng phap thttc hanh den
tl.l' nhCrng thf sinh IELTS thanh c6ng nhifit Vi$t Nam. Qua
each trinh bay de hieu va de vc;in d1,mg, cac tac gia da gi&i
thi$u t&i ngll'&i d9c nhieu each tiep cc;in mot chu de v&i
nhieu g6c nhin
da d;;ing nhll'ng van rat gan gGi v&i CUQC s6ng. Qua d6,
ngU'CYi d9c c6 the ti)' tin luy(m thi IELTS Writing va d;;it dU'Q'C
thanh c6ng tren con dU'&ng h9c vifin tll'ang lai."

Thay Nguyen Tu.in Hai, Fullbrighter, Th c si Princeton, CEO trll'6'ng Quoc te My St.
Nicholas t i Oa Nang

"Vi$c tim cho minh m9t ngll'&i hU'&ng dan t6t va m9t cu6n
sach tham khao hCru fch khi h9c IELTS la hai dieu Cl)'C ki
quan tr9ng quyet djnh thanh b;;ii cua vi$c
d;;it dU'Q'C band diem nhll' mong muon. Va How to crack
the /ELTS Writing test - Vol 1 c6 du ca hai dieu d6.
Tl.l'ng trang sach la tam huyet va thanh qua nghien CLJ'U
nghiem tuc cua cac tac gia. V&i nhCrng ai dang cam thay
ap ll)'C n$ng ne trong phan thi dU'Q'C
nhieu ngll'&i danh gia la kh6 nhifit cua IELTS - Writing
Task 2 - thi day chfnh la cuon sach b;;in nen c6 tren tay."

Nguyen Ha Duy, Trll'6'ng ban Giao d1,1c - Khoa h9c Kenh14.vn

LO'I KHEN TANG I5

 DOI LOI TAC GIA
Viet chac la ki nang toi dam du6i nhat trong b6n ki nang cua IELTS.

Trang qua trinh tim hieu ve ki nang Viet, m(>t trong nhCrng phLI'ang phap giup toi khong chi nang
band diem Writing ma con tr& thanh m(>t ngLI'O'i viet tieng Anh t6t hon d6 la tham khao cac bai
van mau. Sau khi d6i chieu rat nhieu bai thu(>c nhieu chu de, dU'Q'C viet b&i nhieu tac gia khac
nhau v&i cac each tiep c m khong ai gi6ng ai, toi da hinh thanh dU'Q'c cho minh phong each
rieng. Va d6 la dieu toi hi vc;mg d(>c gia cua How to crack the IELTS Writing test- Vol. 1 c6 the
lam dU'Q'C sau khi d9c xong cu6n sach.

John Mayer la ngh siguitar ma toi rat ham m(>. Trang m(>t video d9y chai bai hat do anh sang
tac, John c6 n6i m(>t cau ma toi nh& mai: "OLl'ng chi h<;>c chai m(>t doc;1n nhc;1c ma b9n thich,

hay h9c y tU'&ng truyen cam hll'ng cho do9n nh9c d6. Bc;1n se gi6i hon gap 10 lfin." Oay thvc
sv la tinh thfin ma toi mu6n truyen tai qua cu6n sach nay. Toi khong mu6n
cac bc;1n viiflt gi6ng toi va PhU'ang. Toi khong mu6n cac bc;1n h<;>c thu(>c bai mau ma chung toi
viet va be nguyen chung vao trong phong thi. Cai chung toi mu6n la b9n hieu dU'Q'C t9i
sao chung toi 19i viet nhU' v y, t9i sao chung toi dung tll' nhLI' v y, va lam the nao chung
toi den dU'Q'C cai dich la m(>t bai viet hoan chinh tll' m(>t dan y tho SO'. Do d6, thay vi chi viet cac
bai van mau va xuat ban chung nhU' m(>t tuyen t p van h9c, PhU'ang va toi da
xay dvng m(>t h th6ng bai t p di kem v&i tll'ng bai viet de cac b9n c6 the lam chu nhCrng tinh
hoa trong van cua chung toi va ap d1,mg n6 vao bai viet cua cac bc;1n. Neu cac b9n c6 the lam
dU'Q'C dieu d6 sau khi gapl9i cu6n sach nay thi tll'c la chung toi da thanh cong.

Nhan day, toi mu6n cam an ngLI'ai c(>ng Sl,J' da d6ng hanh cung toi trong su6t qua trinh lam
sach, ngLI'ai em, ngU'O'i d6ng nghi p va ngU'ai giao vien toi rat ne phl)c - co O ng Bich
PhLI'ang. Toi cCing mu6n gui lai cam an t&i d(>i ng0 Alpha Books da tin tU'&ng toi va
PhLI'ang v&i dl,l' an sach thll' hai nay trong series How to crack the IELTS test. Cam an chi Le,
chi Thu, chi PhLI'ang Anh cung nhCrng anh hung thfim l ng trong team thiet ke, marketing va
tat ca cac b(> ph n ma neu khong c6 hQ, cu6n sach nay se khong the hi n hinh tren tay cua d(>c
gia.

Cu6i cung, cam an Hoa, VQ' cua anh. Cam an em da luon luon "d(>ng vien" (thuc) anh hoan thanh
cu6n sach, dU'a ra nhCrng g6p y hCru ich trong qua trinh san xuat va ph6i kiflt hQ'p giCra The
IELTS Workshop va Alpha Books de dU'a con tinh thfin nay c6 the ra dai."

Tac gia O ng Tran Tung

6 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

TU' hoi tiflu hQc, toi da c6 niem yeu thfch d c bi$t v6'i mon tieng Anh va Van hoc. S1,1' say me ay
van cu6n lay toi nhieu nam ve sau, khien toi mi$t mai luy$n viet va mi$t mai tim toi nhO,ng
phtJ'O'ng thll'c dc;1y viet hi$u qua nhat cha h9c sinh cua minh.

Trang qua trinh tim each be kh6a IELTS Writing, toi thU'cmg doc cac bai lu$n cua nhO,ng
chuyen gia IELTS va ca cac "cao thu" trong lang IELTS Vi$t. Ban dflu, toi phan Heh bai va th&
bat chlJ'6'c, dan dan tfch IOy kinh nghi$m cha minh, roi chuyfln sang tim each thoat kh6i each
hanh van bay bU'&m dai dong de hU'&ng t&i SI! t6i gian tinh gQn. Ben cc;1nh d6, toi da luy$n
cho minh th6i quen viet thU'cmg xuyen qua vi$c giai de thi IELTS cc;1p nh$t hang tufln. Qua
thl,l'c, bai mau dQc thi thay de, lc;1i tU'&ng rang minh nam kien thll'c nhlJ' long ban tay nhll'ng
khi d t but viet m&i biet minh con "non va xanh" lam.

"Practice makes perfect" - chan ly chU'a bao gia loi thai. 06i v&i How to crack the /ELTS Writing
test - Vol. 1, toi va anh Tung hi v9ng cu6n sach se tiep them d('>ng 11,J'Cde d('>c gia, d c bi$t la cac
bc;1n dang chu§n bi thi IELTS, kien tri han v6'i vi$c luy$n tc;1p. Va den m('>t ngay, c6 the cac bc;1n
se tl,I' kinh ngc;1c nh$n ra minh da di dU'Q'C quang dlJ'ang dai the nao khi nhin lc;1i nhO,ng bai viet
c6 doi phfln "ngo nghe" thu& m&i dau.

Nhan day, toi mu6n to long biet an va kfnh ph1,1c doi v6'i ngll'ai c('>ng SI! cua minh trong dl,I' an
nay, anh 0c;1ng Tran Tung. Anh VLl'a la sep, la dong nghi$p, la ngll'ai anh, ngll'O'i thay luon
truyen cam hll'ng cho toi vi SI! het long cua anh doi v&i hQc sinh, vi tai nang va ca dam me vo
tc;1n d6i v&i vi$c nghien clJ'u ngon ngo, (du da 3 Ian dc;1t 9.0 IELTS nhll'ng anh van se thi tiep
nhieu Ian nO,a cha t6'i khi chinh ph1,1c dU'Q'C diem 9 "tron"). Cam an nhO,ng lai nhc;1n xet g6p
y, nhO,ng kinh nghi$m quy gia anh chia se da giup em hoan thi$n han cac bai viet cua minh.

Em xin cam an thay Nguyen Tai Dien, ngll'ai da dc;1y em vf:J long ve IELTS n6i chung va
IELTS Writing n6i rieng. Cam an thay vi nhQ>ng bai giang day mau l&a va SI! nhi$t huyet cua
thay da khien em them yeu nghe SU' phc;1m cOng nhlJ' them say me ren luy$n kT nang Writing.

Toi mu6n cam an ban lanh dc;10 cua The IELTS Workshop, dc;1c bi$t la chi Hoa, da tin tU'&ng toi
v&i dl,I' an nay. Writing da la niem dam me tll' lau cua toi va dU'Q'C trao ca h('>i chia se nhO,ng
kien thll'c minh due ket dU'Q'C qua nhieu nam nghien CU'U la m('>t dieu toi vo cung tran trong.

Cam an anh Khanh, trU'&ng phong dao tc;10 cua trung tam The IELTS Workshop va la cap tren
trl,l'c tiep cua toi, da ho trq toi trong cong tac chuyen mon va het SU'C tc;10 dieu ki$n cho toi trong
qua trinh viet sach. Giai doc;1n viet sach cOng trung v&i thai diflm trong ph6ng dao tc;10 c6 rat
nhieu dl,I' an, va SI! thau hieu, sap xep cua anh Khanh la m('>t SI! giup df:J to l&n de toi c6 thfl di
dU'Q'C t6'i vc;1ch dfch.

Va cu6i cung, xin cam an cac em - nhO,ng hQc sinh than yeu cua toi. Cac em la nguon nang 11,J'c
tfch Cl,J'C khien toi khong cho phep minh ngll'ng trau doi kT nang giang dc;1y va boi dap kien thll'c
chuyen mon, khien t6i mu6n df>c het SU'C de c6 the hoan thanh cu6n sach nay.
Tac gia E> ng Bich PhlJ'O'ng

001LOI TAC GIA I

7
 HlJONG DAN SU' Dl)NG SACH
How to crack the IELTS Writing test- Vol 1 se la ngu6n tham khao hll'u ich cha cac thi sinh
IELTS a trinh d◊ tLP 5.5 dang chu.fin bi bU'&c vao ki thi v&i m1,1c tieu d,;1t band diem kT nang
Writing a mLFc 6.5 tra len.

Quyen sach g6m 6 chu de thong d1,1ng, trong d6 tll'ng chu de l,;1i dU'Q'C minh h9a v&i 4 de bai
thU'cmg g$p trong IELTS Writing Task 2.

• Opinion

• Discussion

• Pros & Cons

• Two-Part Question (Problems - Solutions & Causes - Solutions) Moi de

bai dU'Q'C chia thanh b6n phfln chinh:

1) Outline: T6m IU'Q'C bang tieng Vi$t cac y chinh dU'Q'C SU' d1,1ng trong bai, giup b,;1n d9c
de dang ghi nh& va hieu r6 dU'Q'C n◊i dung chinh. £>e khien cac bai mau gfln gui v&i ngU'c'Yi
d9c hO'n, cac tac gia da hta ch9n nhll'ng y tU'ang dO'n gian, de nghT ra. £>ieu nay cung d6ng
thc'Yi giup ngll'c'Yi d9c t p trung hO'n vao each phat trien y cung nhU' ng6n ngll' viet trong bai.

2) Topic Vocabulary va Topic Vocabulary Review: Trang bi cac tll' v1,mg cfln thiet v&i giai
nghTa Cl,l the, giup b,;1n d9c lam giau v6n tll' v1,mg nang cao cua tll'ng chu de. Cac tll' Vl.)'ng
nay se dU'Q'C highlight xanh trong bai viet.

3) Bai lu n mau (tieng Anh va phfln dich tieng Vi$t):

• Phfln tieng Anh: Bai lu n mau dU'Q'C viet theo nhieu each tra lc'Yi khac nhau, th m chi m◊t s6
de c6 2-3 bai lu n mau linh ho 9t, khien cu6n sach c6 gia tri tham khao v&i nhieu d6i tll'Q'ng
b,;1n d9c.

Tuy v y, tl.)'U chung c6 2 phLl'O'ng phap tiep c n chinh dU'Q'C SU' d1,1ng:

- Single-idea paragraph (£>o9n van m◊t y): T p trung phan tfch dao sau y tU'ang

- Multiple-idea paragraph (£>o9n van nhieu y): Mang tfnh ch t li$t ke, de ap d1,1ng

• Phfln tieng Vi$t: Dich sat y bai mau, ho trQ' b9n d9c hieu tr9n VE?n bai viet va tranh dich tll'
df>i tll'.

8 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

4) General Vocabulary va General Vocabulary Review: Tong hQ'p cac tll' Vl,J'ng dat gia dU'Q'C SU'
d1,mg trong bai, c6 giai nghTa va vf dl) Cl) the. Cac tll' Vl,J'ng nay se dlJ'Q'C highlight vang
trong bai viet.

Ben c;;mh d6, cac cau vf dl) minh h9a cling dll'Q'C trau chu6t kT IU'&ng, SU' dl)ng nhieu cl_.lm tll'
vl,J'ng hay va dat gia giup cac b,,m ghi diem trong phfm thi IELTS Writing. NhCmg tll'/ Cl)m tll'
nay se dll'Q'C de mau xanh la.

Cac tip SU' d1:1ng cuon sach hi u qua

V6'i moi de bai, b9n hay tl,J' tlm each giai quyet (tlm hieu de, I$p dan y), sau d6 m6'i d9c va phan
tfch bai mau - t$p trung vao cac diem ngCI' phap, yeu t6 tll' Vl,J'ng, dQ m9ch I9c va each dien giai
cau tra lai - 4 tieu chf chc'.'lm diem IELTS Writing. Lam kT cac blJ'6'c nay
se giup b9n nh6' lau, hieu bai va v$n dl)ng de dang han.

M('>t each khac la b9n tl,J' viet bai theo dan y da dll'Q'C len san trong sach, sau d6
d6i chieu bai lu$n cua b9n v6'i bai luc;1n mau. Cach h9c nay phu hqp v6'i nhCrng b9n dang
mu6n t$p trung cai thi$n kT nang phat trien y, ket n6i cau, ngCI' phap va tll' Vl,J'ng nang cao.

Cu6i cung, dlt'ng b6 qua bai t$p bo trQ' de cung c6 v6n tll' cua mlnh nhe. D6i v6'i nhCl'ng
bai tc;1p trong Topic Vocabulary, c6 nhfrng bai kh6ng chi giup b9n 6n t$p I9i cac tll' v1,mg da
dlJ'a ra ma con ho trQ' bi;ln phat trien them y tll'&ng va tll' duy ve chu de d6.
D6i v&i nhfrng bai tc;1p trong General Vocabulary, cac tll' wng va each dien d9t hfru dl)ng
nhc'.'lt da dll'Q'C chat l9c de b9n c6 the luy$n t$p va SU' dl)ng trong nhfrng bai viet, van canh
khac.

HU'O'NG DAN SU' Dl)NG SACH I9

 MU.C LU. C
CHAPTER 01
EDUCATION.................................11

0
CHAPTER02
ENVIROMENT.................................... 63

"\

. CHAPTER 03
FAMILY.......................................115

CHAPTER04
HISTORY.....................................152

CHAPTER05
MEDIA.........................................203

CHAPTER06
TECHNOLOGY...........................249

ANSWER KEY.......................287
 ------------------... ,,_---.....- ---------....:. --

Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to

01. university education and that governments should make it free
for all students no matter what financial background they
have. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

... ,.J

l c_A_N_e_A_N_G_(_so_,s_o_> @)
VE 1 VE2
Toi d6ng y Toi khong d6ng y
[Chinh phu nen mien h9c phi d i [Vi c mien hQC phi d i h9c se
h9c.] anh hLF6'ng x u t6'i sinh
vien va xa hc;,i.J

* Y chinh * Y chinh
C6 lqi cho ca nhan Anh hU'&ng x u t6'i sinh vien

* Giai thich * Giai thich

Cu nhan dc;1i h9c, d c bi$t la Thi tmang lao d9ng ngay cang
ngU'ai c6 hoan canh kh6 khan, se de c9nhtranhcao,dovaynAuc6
tim dU'Q'C c6ng vi$c va c6 cu('>c qua nhieu cu nhan, t m bang dc;1i
s6ng t6t han. h9c dfln se kh6 dam bao vi$c lam cho
hQ.

* Y chinh 2 * Y chinh 2
C6 lqi cho xa h('>i Anh hU'&ng x u t6'i xa h('>i

* Giai thich * Giai thich

Chfnh sach nay se mang lc;1i I1,l'c Chi tra toan b('> hQC phf dc;1i hQc se
IU'qng lao d('>ng ch t IU'qng cao han, gay ap 11,l'C cho ngan sach nha
tll' d6 dan t&i nen kinh tA thjnh nU'6'c, dan dAn tham h1,1t ngan
VU'Q'ng va xa h('>i van minh. sach, tang thuA ho c giam phuc
lqi xa h('>i.

12 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
abolish tuition fees (v)
mien hQC phf
* waive tuition (v): mien hQC phf
* pursue college without fee (v): h9c dc;1i hQc
mien phf
* cover higher education tuition (v): chi tra
h9c phf dc;1i h9c
* tuition waiver (n): (m(:>t d9ng h9c bong) mien
hQc phi
* free-college policy (n): chfnh sach mien hQc
phf dc;1i hQc
* provision of free-of-charge education (n):
vi$c cung c p giao d1,1c mien phf

affordability of higher education (n)

kha nang chi tra cha giao d1,1c b$c
cao/giao d1,1c dc;1i h9c

be entitled to university (v)

dll'Q'C quyen vao dc;1i hQC

* be entitled to attend tertiary education (v):

dlJ'Q'C quyen hQC dc;1i hQC

CHAPTER 1-EDUCATION I 13
L...\/-, TOPIC VOCABULARY
bachelor's degree holder (n)
nglJ'O'i c6 bang CU' nhan

* college qualification (n): bang dc;1i hoc

* acquisition of a tertiary degree (n):
vi(:)c gianh dU'Q'C t m bang dc;1i hoc

gross enrolment rate (n)

t6ng ti 1$ nh$p hoc (trong bai nay n6i ve
b$c dc;1i hoc)

more educated workforce (n)

htc IU'Q'ng lao d(>ng c6 trlnh d(> hoc v
n cao han

socio-economic background (n)

hoan canh kinh te-xa h(>i (lien quan den
* financial status (n): tlnh trc;1ng
giai cap va tlnh trc;1ng tai chfnh)
tai chfnh

The proposal is meant to close a

growing gap among students from
different socio-economic
backgrounds.

14 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

1
REVIEW
Exercise: Free college education.

a) What are some alternative words for 'university education'?

- h................... e......................
- C.............................. .

- t........................................ education

b) What are some alternative words for 'remove tuition'?

- w.......................tuition
- a........................tuition

c) What are some alternative words for 'university degree'?

- b................... d......................
- C................... q......................
- t. .................. d......................

d) What are some alternative words for 'university gradutes'?

- b................... d.....................h......................

e) What are some alternative words for 'study' in the phrase 'study university'?
- a...................

- p...................

f) What is the alternative word for 'cheap' in the phrase 'cheap university
education'?
- a...................

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 15
 'SAMPLE

As tuition fees have been inexorably increasing in recent years, the affordability of higher
education has always been a topic of interest. It is argued that the government should abolish
college tuition fees, irrespective of students' socio-economic background. While this thinking is
valid to a certain extent, I believe that waiving tuition would have an adverse bearing on both
students and society.

There are many compelling reasons why students should be allowed to pursue college
without fee. On the individual level, bachelor's degree holders, especially the underprivileged,
will stand a better chance of landing higher-paid jobs and bettering their life quality. On the
societal level, a surge in the gross enrollment rate, prompted by a free-college policy, would
give rise to a more educated workforce. This acts as a precursor to not only a thriving
economyibut also a civilized society.

Despite the aforementioned benefits, I would contend that the provision of free of-charge
higher education is, in fact, can do both the beneficiaries and society a
disservice. The impact of more college graduates on employment is questionable at best. The
job market has become very competitive as it is, even for job seekers with college
qualifications. Therefore, if everyone is entitled to university, it is no longer feasible for them
to find a job, let alone the financial abundance previously so often associated with the
acquisition of a tertiary degree. In addition to this, the enormous cost incurred to cover higher
education tuition will put a strain on government coffers, leading to budget deficits, tax hikes,
or reduced welfare among others.

In conclusion, while the potential benefits of university tuition waivers make it seem like a
good idea, I believe that the government should not make it free for everyone.

290 words - written by Phuong Dang

16 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

1
 I TRAN LATION

Vl h9c phi (dc;1i h9c) da va dang tang len khong ngl.l'ng trong nhO,ng nam gan day, kha nang chi
tra cho giao d1,1c b c cao lu6n la m9t chu de dU'Q'C quan tam. C6 y kien cho rc)ng chinh phu nen
mien h9c phi CY bc;1c dc;1i hoc, khong phan bi$t hoan canh kinh ti'l-xa h(li cua sinh vien. Du suy
nghT nay c6 gia tr! CY m9t mll'c dQ nhat d!nh, toi tin dmg vi$c mien hoc phi se c6 anh hLY6'ng
xau t6'i cac sinh vien va xa h9i.

C6 nhieu ly do thuyet ph1,1c cho vi$c t9i sao sinh vien nen dLYQ'C t.;io dieu ki$n de theo
h9c dc;1i hQC ma khong phai tra phf. CJ cap dQ ca nhan, nhO,ng ngLYai c6 bang CLP nhan, di;ic
bi$t la nhQ>ng ngLYai bi thi$t thoi ve quyen IQ'i, se c6 CO' h9i tot hO'n d€l c6 dLYQ'C nhO,ng
cong viec dU'Q'C tra ILYO'ng cao hO'n va cai thi$n chat ILYQ'ng CUQC song cua ho.
CJ cap dQ xa hQi, Sl)' gia tang tong ti 1$ nhc;1p hoc, dU'Q'C thuc dfly bai chfnh sach mien
hoc phi d.;ii hQc, se tc;10 ra ll)'c ILYQ'ng lao d9ng c6 trlnh dQ hoc van cao hO'n. Dieu nay d6ng
vai tro tien de khong chi cho m9t nen kinh tfl thjnh VLYQ'ng ma con cho m9t xa h9i van minh.

Bat chap nhQ>ng IQ'i fch da de cc;1p CY tren, toi van cho rang vi$c cung cap giao d1,1c bc;1c cao
mien phi, tren thl)'c tfl, c6 th{) gay anh hLY6'ng xau len nhQ>ng ngLYCYi th1,1 hLYCYng va ca xa
hQi. Tac d9ng cua vi$c c6 nhieu sinh vien tot nghi$p d.;ii hoc hO'n t6'i vi$c lam la dang ng9i nhat.

Thi tmang vi$c lam von da rat cc;1nh tranh, ngay ca khi nhQ>ng ngLYCYi
tlm vi$c c6 bang CLP nhan. Do d6, neu m9i ngLYai deu c6 quyen hQC d9i h9c thl chuy$n
kiflm dLYQ'C vi$c se khong con kha thi v6'i ho nQ>a, chLYa n6i den ganh ni;ing tai chinh tm6'c
d6 thLYang di doi v6'i vi$c gianh dU'Q'C tam bang d9i hoc. Them vao d6, chi phi khong 16 phai tra
cho h9c phi giao d1,1c bc;1c cao se gay ap ll)'c cho ngan sach chfnh phu,
dan dfln tham h1,1t ngan sach, tang thue hoi;ic giam phuc IQ'i cho nhO,ng doi tLYqng khac.

T6m lc;1i, du nhQ>ng IQ'i fch tiem nang cua vi$c mien h9c phf d9i hQc khien vi$c nay c6 ve la
m9t y tLYCYng hay, nhLYng toi tin rang chfnh phu khong nen mien hoc phi d.;ii hoc
cho tat ca moi ngLY6'i.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 17
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
inexorable (a)
continuing without any possibility of being
stopped

Recent decades have witnessed the

inexorable technological advances.

topic of interest (n)

a topic that many people want to know about

How to gain work-life balance is a

topic of general interest.

have a bad effect on

have an adverse bearing on (v)
High parental expectations can have an
adverse bearing on student outcomes.

strong, persuasive reason Personal

compelling reason (n)

development is among
* valid reason (n): the most compelling reasons why students
• true, reasonable should join a club in college. The rationale
explanation for using this teaching method is to boost
* justification (n): good student confidence.
reason or explanation
for something
* rationale (n): good reason or
explanation for something

18 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

1
 GENERAL
VOCABULARY
the underprivileged (n)
* the disadvantaged (n):
poor people

poor people The charity is raising money for the

underprivileged who suffered most
from floods.

stand a chance of (v)

be likely or able to do something
* passport to sth: a certain way of successfully.
getting something you want
He doesn't stand a chance of
winning against such an
experienced player.
A degree can no longer be a
passport to job opport1,1nitjes.

land a high-paid job (v)

get jobs with high salary
* secure a high-paid job (v): get
jobs with high salary It is not easy to land a high-paid job.

growing, successful economy

thriving economy (n)
* prosperity (n): the state of being Since the last 20th century, Singapore

successful and having a lot of money has gone from a third world to
developed country with a thriving
economy, continually leading most
global rankings.

tax hikes (n) tax increase

The public raised a great hue and! cry

about tax hikes.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 19
I GENERAL VOCABULARY
do sb/ sth a disservice (v)
to do harm to

The fans' rude behavior has done the game

a great disservice.

questionable at best (idm) not certain, even if the best possible result
happens

Any conclusions drawn from this would

be questionable at best.

as it is (idm) already

I can't help. I've got too much to do

as it is.

puta stra;non to put pressure on something

Financial problems have put a strain on

their relationship.

coffers (n) the financial accounts of a government or an

organization

budget deficit (n)

o
G SPENDIN&
IN COME

20 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

1
Tourism when spending is much more than income.
brought $200 th
e Many countries are suffering from
million into
st soaring unemployment, and large
local
government at budget deficits.
coffers. e

reduced welfare (n)

the state of less success and money The

economic crisis has led to

reduced welfare.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 21
-
-- V VOCABULARY
GENERA
REVIEW
L
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. Empowering the..................................lies in assuring them that education holds the real

source of power.
Meaning: poor people

2. The workshop revolves around tips on how to best gain the attention of a headhunter and
effective strategies to help...................................a high-paid job.
Meaning: get

3. In a bizarre twist, the continuing rise in fuel taxes could force the petrol companies
themselves to......................prices further.
Meaning: increase

4. Since costs tend to rise........................................, attempts to stabilize public spending

have essentially meant cuts in actual services.
Meaning: continue without any sign of being stopped

5. Regular consumption of red and processed meat can do a major ....................... to public
health.
Meaning: harm

6. The Christmas spending spree is under way, and just shopping for presents can put a
.............................on budgets.
Meaning: pressure

7. Animal.................................is a complicated issue, as confronting animal cruelty and

taking action to stop it would require a greater effort and sacrifice than most people are
willing to make.
Meaning: happiness

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 21
 40 60
Toi khong dbng y Toi khong dbng y
[Vi c mien h9c phi d i h9c [Vi c mien h9c phf d i h9c se
dU'Q'C cho la co IQ'i, nhll'ng anh hLP<'mg x u t&i
suy nghi nay khong hQ'p ly.J h9c sinh va xa h(>i.J

* Y chinh * Y chinh
Mot s6 nglJ'ai cho r ng nen mien hQC Anh hU'&ng xau t&i thanh tfch h9c tc;1p
phf d,;1i hQC. cua sinh vien

* Giai thich
* Giai thich
CU' nhan d,;1i hQC, dc;1c bi t la
Hi$n nay, da s6 sinh vien phai ti! tra hQC
nglJ'ai c6 hoan canh kh6 khan, se de
phf, nen hQ se hQC nghiem tuc. Do vc;1y,
tim OU'Q'C CO' h(>i vi c lam.
b6 h9c phf c6 thtfl khiE§n hQ tho a v&i
vi c hQc va mat di d(>ng 11,J'C, tU' d6 d n
* Phan bi n: dE§n kE§t qua hQC tc;1p giam sut.
Suy nghT nay la sai.

* Giai thich
Qua nhiflu cU' nhan c6 thtfl lam tang
ti I that nghi p tre.

22 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

TOPIC
VOCABULARY
higher education attendance (n)
vi(;lc di hQc dc;1i hQC
* attend university (v): di h9c dc;1i h9c
* pursue teritary education (v): theo hoc In many countries, youngsters are
dc;1i h9c often encouraged
* embark on formal university education la ap e:a before embarking on
{v): bat dau Vi(;lc their formal university education.
hQC dc;1i hQC

be entitled to free university (v)

c6 quy n h9c dc;1i h9c mien phf
* pursue college without fee (v): h9c dc;1i
h9c mien phf
* subsidize college education (v): ho trQ'
Whether all students should be

hoc phf dc;1i hoc entitled to free university still

* wholly subsidize tertiary education (v):

utih a;Oliil!flO,n n;y
ho trQ' hoan toan giao d1,1c b c cao
* make university free of charge (v):
mien h9c phf dc;1i h9c
* tuition exemption (n): vi(;lc mien h9c phf
* abolition of university tuition (n):
vi(;lc mien hQC phf dc;1i h9c

influx of graduates (n)

s6 ILl'Q'ng sinh vien t6t nghi$p

The summer months always see a

large influx of enthusiastic
graduates, fresh from universities
and business schools across
Vietnam; looking
to estab 1sh he:i• care
and and the1 idea 1.rs lo .

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 23
I TOPIC VOCABULARY
students' academic performance (n)
thanh tfch h9c t:;\p cua sinh vien
* deteriorating performance (n):
thanh tfch hoc t:;\p giam sut There is no doubt that teachers
have substantial impacts on their
students' academic perfomance
and life-long success.

sinh vien d9i hQc {chU'a t6t nghi$p)

undergraduate (n)
In 2010, a full-time
undergraduate program was
started as part of the
university's planned expansion.

lam vi$c gl rat nghiem tuc

do sth in earnest (v)

The race for the White House

begins in earnest today.

chuyen tam lam vi$c gi Anybody

apply oneself to sth (v)

can succeed, if they

apply themselves.

24 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

_1v1_VOCAB_Jf_:R_ 1
_R_E_v_1_E_w_
Exercise 1: Find a suitable term that matches the following definitions.

1. a student who is studying for their first degree at a college or university:

2. special permission not to do or pay something: .........................................

3. do something seriously: ...................

4. student study results: .................................................................................

5. work hard at something: ......................................................................

Exercise 2: Choose the correct alternative for the words or phrases in bold.

1. provide free university education

A. exempt B. abolish C. subsidize

2. start university education

A. embark B.attend C. pursue

3. poor study result

A. dwindle B. deteriorating C. decrease

4. a large number of undergraduates

A. amount B. influx C. data

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 25
 'SAMPLE

Higher education attendance, undoubtedly, has been a vital determinant of economic growth.
However, the costs of attending university, which have escalated in recent years, has
engendered some valid concerns. A school of thought holds that students, irrespective of their
financial status, should be entitled to free university. This essay is going to prove that
subsidizing college education will do more harm than good.

It is understandable why some people subscribe to the view that students should be allowed
to pursue college without fee. Proponents of tuition exemption may argue that this practice
will enable more students, especially the disadvantaged, to pursue tertiary education, which is
conducive to their employment opportunities. However, this thinking is flawed, since the
larger influx of graduates into the labour market is actually a primary driving force behind
the rising youth unemployment. Therefore,
it is apparent that wholly subsidizing tertiary education is counter-productive to job guarantee.

Another pronounced drawback is that the abolition of university tuition may take a toll on
students' academic performance. As today most undergraduates have to pay for their
education, they are inclined to study in earnest and apply themselves to getting good grades.
Therefore, were this financial obligation to be dispensed with, students could be indifferent to
their study and lose the drive to work hard. For example, they may skip classes or miss exams
because they feel that failing does not cost them anything. These behaviors obviously may lead
to deteriorating performance and students would fail to benefit from their education.

In conclusion, I believe that alloting state funding to make university free of charge does not
seem a good idea.

271 words, written by Phuong Dang

26 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 'TRANSLATION

Vi$c hoc d9i hoc chac chan da va dang la m('>t quyet djnh s6ng con cua tang tm&ng kinh
te. Tuy nhien, chi phi hoc dc;1i hoc leo thang trong nhfrng nam g n day da dan den m('>t
s6 quan ng9i c6 CO' s6'. M('>t tmong phai cho rang sinh vien, khong ke den tlnh tr9ng tai
chinh, nen dU'Q'C quy€m hoc d9i hoc mien phi. Tuy nhien, bai lu$n nay se
chll'ng minh rang vi$c trQ' cap cho giao dL,Jc d,;1i hoc se IQ'i bat cc;1p hc;1i.

C6 the hieu dU'Q'C tc;1i sao mi;>t s6 ngU'oi ung hi;> quan diem rang sinh vien nen dU'Q'C phep theo
hoc d9i hoc ma khong phai tra phi. Nhfrng ngll'oi ung h('> vi$c mien hoc phi c6 the 1$p lu$n
rang each thll'c nay se cho phep nhiE§u sinh vien, d<;ic bi$t la nhfrng em
c6 hoan canh kh6 khan, theo du6i giao dL,Jc dc;1i hoc, t9o diE§u ki$n cho cO' hi;>i vi$c lam cua
cac em. Tuy nhien, suy nghi nay van con thieu s6t, vi IU'Q'ng sinh vien t6t nghi$p
tham gia vao thj tmong lao di;>ng nhiE§u hO'n thl,l'c ra lc;1i la di;>ng 11,l'c chinh yeu dang sau tlnh
tr9ng that nghi$p tre dang gia tang. Do 66, r6 rang la vi$c ho trQ' hoan toan hoc phi d9i hoc 19i
phan tac dt,mg d6i v&i vi$c bao dam vi$c lam.

M('>t nhll'Q'C diem r6 la vi$c mien hoc phi d9i hoc c6 the gay anh hll'&ng xau t&i thanh tich
hoc t$p cua sinh vien. Vi ngay nay h u het sinh vien d9i hoc phai tra tiE§n cho vi$c hoc t$p cua
mlnh nen cac em c6 xu hU'&ng hoc mi;>t each nghiem tuc va tl,I' than no
11,l'c de d9t diem cao. Do 66, neu trach nhi$m tai chinh nay dU'Q'C san ra thl sinh vien c6 the
tr& nen tho O' v&i vi$c hoc va mat di di;>ng 11,l'c hoc tc;1p cham chi. Vi dL,J, cac em c6 the "cup"
tiet ho<;ic b6 bai kiem tra vi cam thay vi$c thi tmQ't chang gay mat mat gl.

NhO,ng hanh vi nay r6 rang c6 the dan den thanh tich hoc t$p giam sut va sinh vien se khong dU'Q'C hU'O'ng
IQ'i tll' vi$c hoc tc;\p.
T6m lc;1i, toi tin rang vi$c phan b6 ngan sach nha nU'&c de mien hoc phi dc;1i hoc c6 ve khong phai la mi;>t y
tll'&ng hay.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 27
I GENERAL VOCABULARY
determinant (n)
something that controls or affects what
happens in a particular situation

Soil and climate are the main

determinants of how land is used.

engender some valid concerns (v) to cause some worries

The soaring unemployment rate has engenered

some valid concerns.

school of thought (n)

set ideas or opinions that a group of people
share about a matter

One school of thought argues that depression is

best treated by drugs.

irrespective of (prep) without considering

Everyone should be treated equally,

irrespective of race.

do more harm than good (v)

be damaging and not helpful

Modernizing historic buildings can often

do more harm than good.

28 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
subscribe to (v)
to agree with or support an opinion, belief

I subscribe to the idea that voting is my

civic t

be conducive to sth (a)

providing the right conditions for
something good to happen or exist

Such a noisy environment was not

conducive to a g

driving force behind/ for sth (n)

someone or something that has the power to
make things happen

Making money is the driving force

behind most businesses.

fail to do sth (v) not to succeed in trying to do something

Many school-leavers with

qualifications fail to find jobs.

take a toll on sth (v)

to cause harm to something

The constant stress takes a heavy toll on

emergency room workers.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 29
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
be inclined to do sth (a)
to be likely to do something

No one was inclined to help.

be indifferent to sth (a)

to not thinking about or interested in
someone or something

She was utterly indifferent to his

irritation.

drive (n)
strong determination to do or achieve
something

He has the drive to succeed.

allot sth to sth/ sb (v) to give something, especially a share of

something available, for a particular
purpose

The museum is planning to increase the

amount of space allotted to modern art.

30 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 VOGCENAEBRAUL L RAREVIEW
Y----

Exercise 1: Find a better expression for the underlined parts among the words
listed above.

1. Over the long term, computer addiction can do harm to students' physical and mental
well-being.

2. Happiness will never come to those who cannot appreciate what they already have.

3. The faster the heart beats the more rapidly we may be likely to breathe and the more
oxygen we take in.

4. John will be best remembered for his determination and enthusiasm.

5. The board of management did not agree with the new marketing concept.

6. These politicians are not interested in public opinion.

7. One major factor of economic success is our ability to control inflation.

8. Consumer spending was the primary reason for economic growth in the festive season.

9. The ambience of this place is favorable for all creative activity.

10. The company will at least 5 percent of its gross revenues to charity.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct alternative for the words or phrases in bold.

1. Learning is wealth to the poor, an honour to the rich, an aid to the young, and a support and
comfort to the aged.

A. the handicapped B. the disadvantaged C. the disabled

2. It seems that family and peer influences play a central role in smoking uptake among
young people.

A. are determinants of B. are determined to C. are decisive factors to

3. Schools need to ensure that all pupils, without considering their backgrounds, have an
equal opportunity to achieve the attainment targets.

A. with respect to 8. regardless C. irrespective of

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 31
r ,,.,-.

' 03. Some students prefer to take a gap year between high school
'I and university, to work or to travel. Do the advantages of
this outweigh the disadvantages?

M T LQ'I
HQc sinh co the c6 IQ'i tiF vi c di du
H n che cua XU hu,6'ng nay dang chu
ljch va di lam trong "nam nghi phep"
y hO'n IQ'i ich
* Y chinh
* Y chinh 1
Trai nghi$m s6ng va kT nang
* Giai thich
Mat ti! tin

Trong m(>t nam nghi phep, hc;>c sinh c6 * Giai thich

the di du ljch va trai nghi$m van h6a. De bi h,it l<;1i trong h9c tc;1p va d6i
mi;it v&i ap 11,J'c tll' b<;1n be
Vid1,1
Khi h9c sinh s6ng & nll'&c ngoai, he;> se
* Y chinh 2
Mat da va kh6 tiep h,ic vi$c h9c
phai ti! thfch nghi v&i cu(>c s6ng tl,I'
lc;1p va hQC ngon ng[i, m&i. * Giai thich
Do da bi sao lang h9c tc;1p qua lau

* Y chinh 2 * Y chinh 3
Xac nhcondll'angsl,l'ngh p phu
Kh6 tiet ki$m dU'Q'C nhieu tien hay
hqp
hc;>c dU'Q'C nhieu kT nang nghe nghi$p
* Giai thich * Giai thich
Nhil:iu tmang trung h9c khong djnh H9c sinh t6t nghi$p cap 3 chu yeu chi
hll'&ng nghi:i nghi$p cho h9c sinh, do c6 the lam cong vi$c cap thap v&i
vc;1y danh m(>t vai thang de tlm vi$c mll'c thu nhc;lp ft 6i va khong mang
hoi;ic h9c nghe se giup fch cho vi$c l<;1i nhieu kien thll'C thl,l'c te.
nay.

32 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
h9c sinh nam cu6i trung hoc

It's fairly unusual for high

school seniors to e c:
freshmen.

pursue college (v)

theo hoc d9i hQc
* embark on higher education (v):
bat d u vi c hQc d9i hQc She is the first in her family to
* enroll in university (v): nh p h9c pursue a p· college. The
d9i hQc workshop is aimed at students
who are about to embark on
higher education.

defer university enrollment (v)

* delay tertiary education for one
year (v): trl hoan 1 nam m&i h9c
d,;3ih9c When a student defers univeristy
* have a year-long break (v): nghi enrollment, they can keep and

mi;'>t nam defer competitive scholarship

awards.

attend vocational training courses (v)

tham gia cac kh6a dao t9o nghe The

number of students
attending vocational training
courses in the southern province
of Ben Tre has been th rise
since 2015.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 33
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
gap-year taker (n)
nhCrng nglJ'O'i tri hoan vi c h9c dc;1i hoc

Gap year takers are less likely to

finish their degrees than more
committed students who head
straight from school to university.

formal schooling (n) giao dl)c chinh quy, trlJ'ang l&p chinh quy

He had only a few years of formal

schooling.

enrich life experiences (v) lam giau trai nghi m s6ng

Studying abroad would enable

students to enrich their life
experiences.

hone practical skill (n) mai giua ki nang thl,l'c t€l Students

are able hone their

practical skills through internship
projects.

cultivate relevant job skill (v) trau doi ki nang lien quan t&i cong vi c

In order to have a well-rounded career,

graduates should cultivate not only
relevant job skills but also
interpersonal ones.

34 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
inadequate career guidance (n)
djnh hLP6'ng ngh€l nghii;lp kh6ng d§y du

Many students made ignorant career

choices due to inadequate career
guidance.

identify a suitable career path (v)

xac d!nh con dLP6'ng sl,I' nghii;lp phu hQ'p

Information on your strengths and

weaknesses plays a central role in
helping you identify a suitable
career path.

intense study schedules (n)

ljch hoc cang thang

These days our lives are incredibly

busy, we might have a family to feed,
work commitments, or intense study
schedules.

fall behind (v)

Companies that failed to modernize

fell behind quite dramatically.

peer pressure (n)

There is tremendous peer pressure

to wear fashionable clothes.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 35
-

"
TOPI
----- VOCABULAC REVIE
RY
Exercise 1: Gap year

a) What are other ways to say 'take a gap year'?

W
- defer .............
- delay .............
- have ..............
b) What are some better verbs to say 'get more skills'?
- C...............................
- h...............................
- e...............................
c) What is an other way to say 'academic education'?
- f.................... s......................
d) What is an other way to say 'non-academic education'?
- V................... l. .....................

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. They are assigned an adviser to..................goals and how to best use the budget to buy
goods and services which will help them achieve these aims.

Meaning: recognize

2. The school offers...................................................................programs in welding, electrical

work, and building maintenance.

Meaning: skills and education for a job

3. They are looking for someone with an interest in......................................................and global

recruitment issues.

Meaning: help and advice about jobs

4. The level of Chinese automotive aftermarket still.....................................compared with the

developed countries.

Meaning: not progress fast enough

5. Motivated by.........................................................or simply rebellion, teenagers may drive

aggressively, which could endanger others on the road.

Meaning: The influence that people who belong to a particular group can have on other group
members.

36 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

Traditionally, high school seniors will either pursue college or enter the workforce after their
graduation. However, these days, a third option - gap year, where students defer university
enrollment to travel or work, is gaining traction. While there are admittedly several benefits to
students, I believe that the negative influences of this growing development are more g aring.

On the one hand, delaying tertiary education for one year is advantageous to a certain extent.
First, gap year affords new graduates time to travel and immerse themselves in alien cultures,
which helps them enrich their life experiences and hone practical skills. For example, when
living abroad, students will have to adapt quickly to their independent life and pick up new
foreign languages. Second, given that most high schools provide inadequate career guidance,
sparing several months looking for job opportunities or attending vocational training courses
will empower students to identify a suitable career path. Such experiences would be hardly
attainable if high school graduates immediately enroll in university and become occupied with
their intense study schedules.

On the other hand, I am convinced that the aforementioned advantages pale in comparison
with the significant disadvantages of having a year-long break prior to embarking on higher
education. A major drawback is that gap-year takers may fall behind in their study as well
as facing peer pressure, which could possibly drain their self-confidence. In addition to this,
high school seniors can lose momentum,
finding it hard to resume their education after a long time being distracted from formal
schooling. Last but not least, those young people are unlikely to save up a lot of money or
cultivate relevant job skills during their gap year, which can be attnbuted'1:o the fact that the
jobs available to high school leavers are mainly entry-level ones that are neither pay well nor
teach them anything substantive.

In conclusion, while taking a gap year is not without certain benefits, I would contend that the
given disadvantages do not make it a worthwhile path.

276 words - Written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 37
 'TRANSLATION

Tm&c day, hoc sinh cuoi cap trung hoc ph6 thong se theo hoc d.;ii hoc ho$c gia nh,;1p h,J'c
ILI'Q'ng lao d(>ng sau khi tot nghi$p. Tuy nhien, ngay nay, Sl.J' I1,J'a chon thll' ba - "nam nghi
phep", thc'l'i gian ma hoc sinh trl hoan nh,;1p hoc d.;ii hoc de di du ljch ho$c lam vi$c, dang
dan ph6 bien. Du c6 nhieu IQ'i fch phai thll'a nh,;1n doi v&i hoc sinh, toi tin rang nhCrng anh
hU'ong tieu Cl,J'C cua XU hU'6'ng dang len nay dang ngay cang tr6 nen r6 r$t han.

M◊t m$t, trl hoan giao dl,lc d.;ii hoc trong m◊t nam c6 lqi 6 m(>t mll'c de) nhat djnh. Thll' nhat,
"nam nghi phep" cho hoc sinh m&i tot nghi$p thai gian de di du ljch va dam mlnh trong cac nen
van h6a khac l.;i, giup lam phong phu them trai nghi$m song va trau doi cac ki nang thl,J'c tien.
Chang h.;in nhU' khi song 6 nU'6'c ngoai, hoc sinh se phai thfch nghi nhanh ch6ng v&i CUQC
song tl,J' l,;1p va hoc ngo.;ii ngCr m&i. ThU' hai, neu d$t van de rang hau het cac tmang trung
hQc khong cung cap thong tin hU'6'ng nghi$p day du, thl vi$c bo ra vai thang de tlm kiem CO'

h◊i vi$c lam ho$c tham gia cac kh6a dao t.;io nghe se khuyen khfch cac em hoc sinh xac djnh
dU'Q'C con dU'ang Sl.J' nghi$p phu hqp. NhCrng kinh nghi$m nhU' v,;1y se kh6 c6 the d.;it
dLI'Q'C neu hoc sinh tot nghi$p trung hoc ngay l,;1p tll'c dang ky hoc d.;ii hoc va tr6 nen b,;1n
r(>n v&i ljch trlnh hoc t,;1p cang thang cua cac em.

M$t khac, toi tin rang nhCrng lqi the n6i tren rat ma nh.;it so v&i nhCrng bat lqi dang ke cua vi$c
nghi m(>t nam tm6'c khi bat dau hoc giao dl,lc b,;1c cao. M(>t nhLI'Q'C diem Ion la nhCrng ngU'ai
trl hoan vi$c hoc d.;ii hoc c6 the tl,lt h,;1u trong hoc t,;1p cung nhLI' doi m$t v&i ap I1,J'c tll' b.;in
be, dieu nay c6 the lam c.;in Sl.J' tl,J' tin cua cac em. Them vao d6, hoc sinh cuoi cap trung hoc c6
the mat da, kh6 tiep tl,lc vi$c hoc sau m(>t thai gian dai bi sao lang khoi vi$c hoc chfnh quy.
Cuoi cung nhLI'ng khong kem phan quan trong, nhCrng ngLI'ai tre nay thLI'ang khong tiet ki$m
dU'Q'C nhieu tien ho$c trau doi cac ki nang c6 lien quan t&i cong vi$c trong nam "nam nghi
phep" cua ho, dieu nay c6 the dU'Q'C
cho la do thl,J'c te cong vi$c danh cho nhCrng hoc sinh m6·i rai ghe trung hoc chu yeu la
nhCrng cong vi$c cap thap khong dU'Q'C tra IU'ang cao ma cung khong d.;iy cac em dieu gl dang
ke.

Tom l.;ii, du tham gia "nam nghi phep" khong phai la khong c6 IQ'i fch nhat djnh, toi van cho rang
nhCrng nhLI'Q'C diem da neu tren khong lam cho vi$c nay tr6 thanh m(>t hLI'6'ng di dang gia.

38 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
gain traction (v)
(an idea, product, etc.) to become popular

In our • , it takes less time

.Like
for new words and phrases to gain
traction than it did in the past.

glaring (a) bad and obvious

There were several glaring

inconsistencies in his report.

afford (v)
to allow someone to have something
pleasant or necessary

Her seat afforded her an uninterrupted view

of the stage.

alien (a)
strange and not familiar

He quickly adjusts to the alien

environment.

empower (v)
to encourage and support the ability to do
something

We want to empower individuals to get the

skills they need.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 39
I GENERAL VOCABULARY
attainable (a)

►
occupied (a)

pale in comparison with (v)

drain (v)

resume (v)

I
40 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1
possible to achieve

We must ensure that we

do not set ourselves
goals that are not
attainable.

busy

I was fully occupied taking

care of my elderly mother at
that time.

to seem much less serious or

important when compared with
someone or something else

I thought I was badly treated

but my experiences pale in
comparison with yours.

to reduce or cause something to reduce

The long war had drained the

resources of both countries.

(an activity) to start again after a

pause Officials from the two

countries
will meet again soon to resume
negotiations.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 41
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
lose momentum (v)
to start become less energetic, successful

The play loses momentum by its half

way stage.

to be the result of something or someone

be attributed to (v)
His success can be attributed to hard
work.

jobs at the lowest level

entry-level jobs (n)
Tourism is a great way of enerating
entry-level jobs.

useful, important enough to be a suitable reward for

worthwhile (a) the time or effort spent.

If you need him on this project, you've got

to make it financially worthwhile for him.

important, serious, or related to real facts

substantive (a) Substantive conclusions are drawn

from the theories and the evidence.

42 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

Exercise: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to change
the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. The iPhone's colossal success can be .......................................................... many

appealing design features.

Meaning: to be the result of

2. Improved international trade, prompted by globalization, has enabled consumers to buy

foreign products that were previously ........................ .

Meaning: not able to be achieved

3. The Internet has....................................consumers, changed the way they search and

shop for products and services by increasing the availability as well as transparency of
pricing and other comparative information.

Meaning: support

4. Tet holiday, which best epitomizes Vietnamese cultural identity, is a means to gather with
family and friends, and enjoy all the celebration activities as much as possible.
The overwhelming theme is prosperity and peace to all, a difficult but very goal.

Meaning: deserving

5. E-commerce is.....................................................................during the holidays, but bricks-

and-mortar shops remain popular with a host of consumers.

Meaning: become popular

6. War.....................a nation of its youth and its wealth

Meaning: reduce

7. While others may be...........................with their responsibilities or goals, you have a

knack for discovering enjoyable places where laughter, creativity, and happiness abound.

Meaning: thinking or worrying too much

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 43
 04. Some people say that schools should concentrate on teaching
students academic subjects that will be useful for their future
'I

A
careers. Other people say that subjects such as music and
sports are also necessary.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

l c_A_N_e_AN_G_<_so_,s_o_> @
VE 1 VE2
T i sao nen d y cac mon h9c T i sao nen d y cac mon nhll' th
thu t? thao vii am nh c?

• Y chinh • Y chinh 1
Ba phan moi nglJ'oi di hoc la de c6 Cac mon hoc nay cung c6 the giup
SI)' nghii;lp tot. cac Ll'ng vien de dlJ'Q'C tuyen dvng
• Giai thich han.
Vi v y. cac m6n dlJ'Q'C dc;1y tren
* Giai thich
trlJ'ong phai phl,JC VI) cho vii;lc hoc
The thao va am nhc;1c dc;1y cho hoc
cac van b ng cao han va tim killm
sinh nhO,ng kT nang nhlJ' kha nang
vii;lclam.
hoc;1t d(>ng nh6m hay phat trien 6c
sang tc;10.

* Vid1,1 • Y chinh 2
{khong can thiet - vi day la vi c moi
Vii;lc dc;1y the thao va am nhc;1c &
nglJ'oi dflu da va dang trai nghii;lm
trLI'ong giup phat hii;ln cac tai nang
r6i!)
tre.

• Giai thich
Neu kh6ng dlJ'Q'C dao tc;io va thi dtiu &
ccfip nha trlJ'ong, cac ca nhan c6 nang
khillu se kh6ng c6 ca hi.'>i phat trien tai
nang cua mlnh.

44 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

I , ,-, TOPIC VOCABULARY
schooling (n)
* attend school (v): di hoc
giao d1,1c

* elementary school (n) = primary school

= grade school: tmang tieu hoc
* secondary (a): (thu(lc ve) giao d1,1c trung
hoc CO' SO' va trung hoc ph6 thong
* tertiary (a): (thu(lc ve) giao d1,1c d9i hoc
* higher education institution (n): t6 ch(l'c
giao d1,1c c.ftp cao (d9i hoc tr& len)
* vocational (a): (thu(lc ve) giao d1,1c nghe
* undergraduate (n): sinh vien chU'a
t6t nghi$p d9i hoc
* postgraduate (n): hoc vien cao hoc
* doctorate (n): b ng tien sT

discipline (n)
* curriculum (n): chlJ'ang trlnh hoc nganh hoc

* core subject (n): mon hoc chfnh

* academic subject (n): m6n hoc thu t
* non-academic subject (n): m6n phi
hoc thu t nhlJ' the d1,1c, am nh9c, h(li hoa,
v.v.
* athletic and artistic field (n): ITnh Vl)'C
the thao va ngh$ thu t

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 45
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
secure employment (v)
dam bao c6ng an vi$c lam
* employable (n: employability): c6
kha nang c6 vi$c lam
* attribute (n): pham chat, dc;tc diem
* technical expertise (n): chuyen m6n
* qualification (n): biting cap
* adaptability (n): kha nang thfch nghi
* creativity (n): kha nang sang t;;io
* collaborative skill = teamwork skill
(n): kT nang lam vi$c nh6m

cultivate a quality/ skill (v)

* be endowed with sth: dU'Q'C thien
phat trien/ trau d6i m◊t pham chat, kT
nang nao d6
phu v&i m◊t tai nang/ pham chat
nao d6
* have an aptitude for sth: c6 kha I I

nang thien phu nao d6

* achieve sb's full potential: phat trien
h t ti m nang

46 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 TOPIC
VOCABULAR 1 REVIE
Y
W
Exercise 1: Match the words/ phrases in column A with a synonym in column
B.

A 8
education aptitude
subject cultivate

quality schooling

train (a skill) attribute

innate talent discipline

Exercise 2: Fill in the blank with an appropriate word.

1. In order to excel in sport, it certainly helps if the person is...........................................with

outstanding athleticism.

Meaning: given

2. From an early age, he demonstrated an................................................for acting and a keen

interest in theater.

Meaning: an innate ability

3. Teachers play a critical role in helping students achieve their ..............................

Meaning: develop their talents

4. In addition to performing well in...............................subjects, it is important that students

spend time doing extracurricular activities.

Meaning: most important

5. Teamwork is essential in......................................interpersonal skills.

Meaning: train, grow

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 47
 It is hard to overstate the importance of schooling: it decides what kind of person we become,
what kind of career we will have and ultimately what kind of life we will lead. Therefore,
what should and should not be taught at school is necessarily a perennial debate. Some assert
that schools should focus on disciplines that will be directly relevant to one's occupation in the
future, while others state that courses like sports and music should also be included in the
curriculum. Both viewpoints are justifiable, but I personally lean towards the latter.

On the one hand, academic subjects are indeed very important. It could be said that the
foremosf objective of people who attend school is to have a financ al via le career after they
finish. To this en , the bulk of the curriculum should be dedicated to core subjects like math,
science and language, whose performance is placed tieavy emphasis by higher education
institutions and employers alike.

On the other hand, subjects like sports and music cannot be piscounted altogether. While
they may not be directly helpful in securing employment, they indirectly make a candidate
more employable. Today, firms are increasingly looking beyond the technical expertise and
qualifications of applicants and attach greater importance to attributes like adaptability,
creativity, and collaborative skills. These qualities are arguably better cultivated in
experiences like playing music or competing in team sports than in academic lessons.

Another compelling reason why non-academic subjects should be taught at school is that it
allows young talents in athletic and artistic fields to be discovered. Without the opportunity
to participate in these activities at the elementary or secondary level,
musically inclined individuals or those who are endowed with an aptitude for sport will be
denied the chance to achieve their full potential.

In conclusion, academic subjects should no doubt be given precedence in school, but it is also
important that students be taught other subjects like music or sports.

323 words, written by Tung Dang

48 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 ' TRANSLATION

HQc hanh la Cl,l'C kl quan tr9ng: N6 quyet dinh chung ta se tr& thanh nglJ'O'i nhlJ' the nao,
chung ta se c6 nghe nghi$p gl va cuoi cung CUQC song cua chung ta se ra sao. Do d6, nh[mg gl
nen va kh6ng nen dlJ'Q'C dc;iy 6' tmang nhat thiet phai la mot cui_)c tranh lui/m dai hO'i. Mot
so nglJ'ai khc1ng dinh rlmg cac tmang nen t$p trung vao nh[rng nganh hQC se lien quan trl,l'c
tiep den nghe nghi$p cua ngLI'ai hQC trong tlJ'O'ng lai, trong khi so khac cho rang cac m6n
hQc nhLI' the thao va am nhc;ic ding nen dlJ'Q'C dlJ'a vao chU'O'ng trlnh giang dc;iy. Ca hai
quan diem deu hQ'p ly, nhLI'ng ca nhan t6i nghieng ve y kien the thao va am nhc;ic nen dlJ'Q'C
dlJ'a vao chU'O'ng trlnh giang dc;iy.

Mot m$t, cac bi_) m6n hQC thu$t thl,l'C SV' rat quan tr9ng. C6 the n6i rang mvc tieu quan tr9ng
hang d u cua nh[rng nglJ'ai di hQc la c6 mot nghe kiem ra tien sau khi hQc xong. Oe den dlJ'Q'C
cai dfch nay, ph n l&n chU'O'ng trlnh giang dc;iy nen dlJ'Q'C danh rieng cho cac m6n h9c chfnh
nhLI' toan, khoa hQc va ng6n ng[r. Thanh Heh cua nh[rng m6n nay dlJ'Q'C cac t6 ch(pc giao dl)C
dc;ii hQC cung nhU' cac nha tuyen dl,lng chu tr9ng.

M$t khac, cac m6n nhLI' the thao va am nh9c kh6ng the bi coi nh hoan toan. Du chung c6 the
kh6ng h[ru fch trl,l'c tiep trong vi$c dam bao c6ng an vi$c lam, nhlJ'ng chung lc;ii gian tiep lam
cho Li'ng vien c6 kha nang dlJ'Q'C tuyen dl,lng cao hO'n. Thai nay, cac c6ng
ty dang ngay cang tlm kiem nhieu th(p ngoai chuyen m6n thu?m tuy va bang cap cua Li'ng vien
hO'n cung nhLI' coi tr9ng cac phcfim chat nhLI' kha nang thfch Li'ng, kha nang sang tc;io va ki
nang hQ'p tac. Nh[rng phcfim chat nay r6 rang dlJ'Q'C trau doi qua nh[rng trai nghi$m nhLI' chO'i
nhc;ic ho$c thi dau the thao t$p the hO'n la cac bu6i h<;>c tren l&p.

Mot ly do thuyet phl)c khac cho vi$c tc;ii sao cac m6n phi hQc thu$t nen dlJ'Q'C dc;iy 6' tmang la
vi$c nay giup phat hi$n nh[rng tai nang tre trong cac linh Vl,l'C the thao va ngh$ thu$t. Neu
kh6ng c6 CO' hi_)i tham gia cac hoc;it dong nay 6' cap tieu hQc ho$c trung hQc thl nh[rng ca nhan
c6 khuynh hU'&ng am nhc;ic ho$c nh[rng ngLI'ai c6 nang khieu the thao thien phu se bi choi b6 CO'
hi_)i dc;it dlJ'Q'C tiem nang cao nhat cua hQ.

T6m lc;ii, kh6ng con nghi nga gl vi$c cac m6n hQC thu$t nen dlJ'Q'C U'U tien 6' tmang hQC,
nhLI'ng mi;>t dieu cung quan tr9ng la hQc sinh phai dlJ'Q'C dc;iy cac m6n khac nhlJ' am nhc;ic
ho$c the thao.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 49
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
overstate (v) to exaggerate

The benefits of breakfast are often grossly

overstated.

f use 'hard to overstate' for saying that

* It is hard to overstate the crippling
something is extremely
important or serious consequences of war.

assert (v) to claim something/ to say that something is

true

It is important that teachers be able to

assert over the classroom.

perennial (a) existing for a very long time

Crime is a perennial problem that all

societies have to address.

foremost (a) most important/ the best

It is uplifting to witness some of

Hollywood's biggest personalities become
ardent advocates of environmental causes.
Leonardo DiCaprio, one of the foremost
proponents of animal and environmental
conservation, is a case in point.

50 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
financially viable (a) making a lot of money

Many business ideas sound brilliant in

theory but not very financially viable
in practice.

in order to achieve this

As greater importance is attached to

looking good, people are becoming
more conscious of
their weight than ever before and
aspiring to look trimmer. To this end,
many go on fad diets or simply not
eat for an extended period of time.

the bulk of sth the majority of something

The bulk of students in Vietnamese

secondary schools attend cram classes.

lean towards sth (v)

to prefer something

·' ,: More and more young people

today are leaning towards daring
choices of majors such as
agricultural engineering and
robotics instead of conservative
ones like finance or business
administration.

50 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
place heavy emphasis on sth (v) to consider somthing important

•••
••o
compelling reason/ evidence/
argument (n)
Most Bachelor's programs place
heavy emphasis on applicants'
academic achievements.

convincing reason/ evidence/ argument

There is compelling evidence that cattle

farming is one of the most environmentally
destructive human activities.

give precedence to sth (v)

to prioritize something (compare - take
precedence: to be prioritized)

The new president promises to give

2 precedence to the working classes.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 51
IV l ---------'v'-------=--o--=--=---ci-==- -=---=E'--'------:t----"----"----R_E_V_I_E W ,

Exercise 1: Match the verbs in column A to the nouns in column B to form

natural collocations.

A B
place attention
attach importance
give focus
devote emphasis
shift precedence

Exercise 2: Replace the common words in italics with a less common

alternative taken from the general vocabulary list.

1. The keynote speaker believes that those who want to change the world have to lose their
sanity.
2. He makes a good point that underdeveloped public transport system is the key reason
why most people in the country are unwilling to stop using private vehicles.
3. Startup entrepreneurs must come to grips with the fact that their business may not
make money in the early days.
4. Most people have the tendency to spend most of their salary in the first half of the month.
5. Learning and retaining new words is always a challenge to language learners.
6. People today are bent on being the leanest that they could be. In order to achieve this goal,
many go as far as starving themselves for days and subsisting on a diet of broth and water.

7. It is hard to exaggerate the severity of the virus outbreak.

8. From the off, our most important objective has been to take care of our own people and add
value to our community.

52 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 ,0 Online classes make conventional classrooms unnecessary.
To what extent do you agree/ disagree?

5.

A
l'- c_A_N_e_A_NG_(so_,s_o_) . @ ....

Hc;,c online tbt han hc;>c a

I6'p hc;>c
C6 nh[png gi hc;,c a I6'p hc;,c thong
thong thlJ'ang nhLPng m t nao?
thlJ'ang c6 th giup giao vien/ hc;>c vien
d t dlJ'c;>'C ma hc;>c online khong cho
phep?
* Y chinh 1
Hoc online d1t tiet ki$m.
* Y chinh 1
M('>t s6 man din SU' dt,mg d1,mg c1,1 phll'c
t,;1p bat bu('>c phai hoc thl,l'C te.

* Vid1,1
* Giai thich H6a hoc/ CO' khf
Cac dan vi cung c§p kh6a hoc c6 the
tiet ki$m nhi u chi phi va ban v&i gia
re han.
* Y chinh 2
Hoc online c6 nhQ>ng h,;1n che v
tlJ'O'ng tac giQ>a giao vien va hoc
* Y chinh 2 sinh.
Hoc online giup nglJ'ai hoc VU'Q't qua
rao can v thai gian va dia ly.
* Giai thich
Hoc 6' l&p hoc thong thU'ang cho
• Ghi chu: Y 2 nay da kha r6, c6
phep hoc sinh cai thi$n kT nang giao
the kh6ng dn giai thich them.)
tiep thong qua lam vi$c va thao lu n
nh6m, trong khi hoc online ft cho
phep tlJ'ang tac v&i cac b,;1n hoc
CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 53
khac.

54 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I TOPIC VOCABULARY
e-learning (n)
h9c online
* advent of online courses (n): SI! ra dai
..... -, cua cac kh6a h9c online
* virtual learning (n): h9c online, h9c ao

* web-based class (n): l&p tren nen

tang web
* online course provider (n): dan vi
cung c p kh6a hQc online
* overcome time constraints and
geographical boundaries (v): giai
quyet cac hc;1n che ve thai gian va rao
can dia ly
* virtual environment (n): m6i tmang ao
* in the comfort of one's own home (n):
ngay tc;1i nha

physical classroom (n)

* traditional classroom model (n): mo
l&p hQC ngoai dai thl)'C
hlnh l&p h9c truyen th6ng
* being taught face to face: dU'Q'C dc;1y
trl)'c tiep, mc\lt d<Si mc)t
* brick-and-mortar operation (n): quy
trlnh ngoai dai thl)'c
* physical interaction (n): tU'ang tac trl)'c
tiep ngoai dai thl)'C

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 55
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
discipline (n) (formal)
nganh hQC, mon hQC

elaborate lab set-up and equipment (n)

CO' s6' v$t ch t va d1,mg Cl.J thi
nghi$m phll'c tc;1p

classroom dynamic (n)

SI! tU'ang tac trong l&p h9c
* interactive activity (n): hoc;1t d9ng
tU'ang tac
* live discussion (n): thao lu$n trl)'c
tier
* interpersonal skill (n): kT nang
lien nhan
* two-way interaction (n): SI! tU'ang
tac hai chi u

56 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

Exercise 1: Group the following words into two groups: (1) offline learning and
(2) online learning.

virtual in person face-to-face web-based computerized

brick-and-mortar digitally
at the click of physical a conference call
button

Offline learning Online learning

Exercise 2: Find alternative words or expressions for the ones in bold.

1. Online learning is becoming increasingly popular owing to its convenience and

relatively low costs compared to the traditional brick-and-mortar counterpart.

2. Because of time limits, many people who want to learn another language cannot do so.

3. The advent of conferencing software means people can now hold discussions and meetings
at home.

4. One of the disadvantages of taking classes online is that it is difficult to meaningfully

improve social skills.

5. It is still not possible to earn a degree in certain subjects such as aerodynamics.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 57
Today, as the Internet becomes more accessiple than ever before, e-learning has exploded. With
the advent of online courses, some say that physical classrooms have become redundant. While
there is no denying the benefits of virtual learning over the traditional classroom model, I
believe being taught face to face by actual teachers is an experience that can never be
completely replaced.

On the one hand, learning on the Internet is superior to learning in a classroom in many
ways. First, it is extremely cost-efficient. Online classes effectively dispense with numerous
expenses that running a brick-and-mortar operation incurs such as space and administrative
staff, among others. This allows online course providers to offer them at a price point that
is accessible to the masses. Second, web-based classes help learners overcome time
constraints and geographical boundaries, which is particularly helpful for people in rural and
remote areas where schools and teachers are scarce.

On the other hand, it is hard to see the traditional classroom ever ceasing to exist. One
of the reasons is simply that certain fields inextricably require physical
interaction. For example, disciplines that involve elaborate lab set-up and equipment like
chemistry or engineering are impossible to learn in the comfort of one's own home.
Furthermore, there are elements of classroom dynamics that a virtual environment simply
cannot emulate. For instance, the interactive activities and live discussions in a physical
lecture allow students to improve their interpersonal skills
- something that is difficult to recreate in online classes where two-way interaction is rare.

In conclusion, while virtual learning is superior to conventional learning in several aspects, the
latter is by no means expendable.

271 words, written by Tung Dang

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 57
 ' TRANSLATION

Ngay nay, khi Internet tr6' nen de truy c$p han bao gia het, h9c tn,Pc tuyen da va dang bung n6.
V&i Sl,J' ra dai cua cac kh6a hQC trl,J'C tuyen, m(lt s6 ngU'O'i n6i rang cac l&p h9c ngoai dai
thl,J'c da tr6' nen dU' thlJ'a. Du khong the phu nh$n lqi fch cua vi$c h9c ao so v&i mo hinh l&p
h9c truytm thf>ng nhU'ng toi tin rang vi$c dU'Q'C dc;1y trl,J'c tiep b6'i cac giao vien th$t Sl,J' la
m(lt trai nghi$m khong bao gia c6 the bi thay the hoan toan.

M(lt m,;1t, h9c tren Internet VU'Q't tr(li han so v&i h9c tren l&p theo nhieu each. O u tien, n6
Cl,J'C ky hi$u qua ve m,;1t chi phf. Cac l&p h9c trl,J'c tuyen cat b6 hi$u qua nhieu chi phf ma vi$c
v$n hanh cac l&p h9c ngoai dai thl,J'c phai ganh nhU' m,;1t bang va nhan vien hanh chinh chang
hc;1n. Oieu nay cho phep nh[mg nha cung cap kh6a h9c trl,J'c tuyen chao mai cac kh6a h9c d6 6'
m(lt mll'c de tiep c$n v&i dc;1i chung. Thll' hai, l&p h9c tren nen tang web giup ngU'ai h9c giai
quyet cac hc;1n che ve thai gian va rao can dja ly. Oieu nay d,;1c bi$t hO,u fch cho nhO,ng
ngU'ai 6' vung nong thon va vung sau vung xa, nai tmang h9c va giao vien khan hiem.

M,;1t khac, th$t kh6 de hinh dung rang l&p h9c truyen thf>ng dim m(lt luc nao d6 se khong
con ton tc;1i. M(lt trong nhO,ng ly do clan gian la m(lt s6 ITnh Vl,J'C nhat djnh doi h6i Sl,J' tU'O'ng tac
thl,J'C te. Vf dl_.1, cac mon hQC lien quan den CO' SO' v$t chat va d1_.1ng Cl_.1 thi nghi$m phll'c tc;1p
nhU' h6a h9c ho,;1c kT thu$t khong the h9c tc;1i nha. Han nO,a, c6 nhO,ng yeu t6 tU'ang tac trong
l&p h9c ma moi tmang ao clan gian la khong the mo ph6ng dU'Q'C. Vf d1_.1, cac hoc;1t d(lng
tU'ang tac va thao lu$n tr1,Pc tiep trong m(lt bai giang v$t ly cho phep sinh vien cai thi$n kT nang lien
nhan - m(lt dieu kh6 tai tc;10 trong cac l&p hQc trl,J'c tuyen hiem khi c6 tU'ang tac hai chieu.

Tom lc;1i, du h9c ao VU'Q't tr(li han so v&i h9c truyen thf>ng 6' m(lt sf> khfa cc;1nh, nhU'ng mo
hinh truyen thf>ng khong bao gia c6 the b6 di dU'Q'C.

58 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
accessible (a)
easy to afford/ widely available

Information on election candidates should

be made more accessible so that the
electorate can make informed choices
instead of casting random ballots.

something is undeniable
there is no denying sth that ...
There is no denying President Ho Chi
Minh's enduring influence on Vietnam's
political system and beliefs.

offering good value for money

cost-efficient (a)
Cost-efficiency is a recurring theme in how
products are marketed these days, but in
actual fact, most of the so-called saving is
obscure.

as a result
effectively (adv)
In some countries, ride hailing applications
provide aspiring car owners with a way to
finance their vehicles, effectively fueling
demand for automobiles and worsening
pollution.

to suffer something (cost, damage, negative

incur (v) feelings, etc.)

The controversial immigration policy

incurs the outrage of the citizens.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 59
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
dispense with (v)
to remove

New washing machines utilize CO2 to

clean and dry clothes, effectively
dispensing with the need for water.

among others (adv)

et cetera

The new iPhone boasts superb camera

capabilities, streamlined design,
significantly lower charging time, among
other upgrades.

the masses (n)

ordinary people

In order to encourage the masses to consider

public transport, more effort must be made to
increase the efficiency and cleanliness of
buses and trains.

the former/ the latter (n)

the thing that was mentioned first/ the
thing that was mentioned later

The U.S. has been in a trade war with

China for some time now, and while from
the look of things the latter (China) seems
to have succumbed to the pressure exerted
by the former, truth be told both sides
have incurred irreparable damage to their
economy.

60 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
scarce (a)
small in amount, not easy to get

Today, clothing manufacturers that

use responsibly sourced raw
materials and pay workers decently
are scarce. Most of the
time, apparels are fashioned from
cheap synthetics that are terrible for
the environment and produced by
workers who are grossly underpaid.

linked together and cannot be separated

inextricable (a)
Humans and nature have inextricable
, and the
survival of one very much depends on
the other.

to copy/ to imitate someone else's

achievement

Aspiring app developers in Vietnam

have tried to emulate
of Nguyen Ha Dong, but none has
even come closer.

can be removed, not important

expendable (a)
While theory is indeed very
important, part of it is expendable
and should indeed be done away with
to make the lesson more digestible.

CHAPTER 1 - EDUCATION I 61
 VOCAGBEUN REVIE _
LEARRAYL
W
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of a word from the general
vocabulary list.

1. Renewable energy will be..................................to realizing the goal of net zero carbon
emissions.
Meaning: too important, cannot be removed

2. The construction of new vehicle tracks has significantly improved......................................to

the site.
Meaning: the ease of access

3. Manufacturing is................................linked with environmental impact.

Meaning: in a way that is not possible to be separated

4. For the longest time, the iPhone was dubbed the................................................of Samsung
smartphones.
Meaning: the copier

5...............................of parking space is a dire problem that many megacities face.

Meaning: inadequacy

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using the words provided.

1. The impact of Mark Twain on American literature is undeniable.

(no denying) ..............................................................................................

2. Sharing a room is a common way to economize on accommodation.

(cost-efficient) ...........................................................................................

3. The fans of the movie are outraged by how lackluster the sequel was.

(incur) ......................................................................................................

4. Salah scored a critical goal early in the match. This cemented Liverpool's 6th
Champions League title.

(effectively) ...............................................................................................

5. The bassist is the weak link of the band. I think he might be kicked out soon.

(expendable) ............................................................................................

62 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 'SAMPLE

It is true that a host of wild animals are on the brink of extinction due to humankind's relentless
pursuit of economic growth. Because of this, the conservation of wild animals has always a
topic of general interest. However, there are those who argue that conserving endangered
animals is not necessary, given the colossal cost and time involved, and that these resources
should be diverted to projects that directly benefit humans. I personally disagree with this
thinking for the reasons provided below.

The first justification is that despite enormous resources allotted to preserving wild animals as
of late, the existence of innumerable species is still being threatened. In fact, hundreds of
millions of dollars have been spent on conservation projects such as providing shelter for
endangered animals; however, recent centuries have witnessed the demise of thousands of
species, and the extinction rates are on the increase. This is a testament to how past efforts
made to preserve wildlife seem woefully inadequate, let alone excessive.

In addition to this, given the inseparable relationship between the human race and wildlife, it
is absurd to downplay the importance of protecting threatened species. In other words,
even if a single wild species is missing from the ecosystem, it may disrupt the whole food
chain, ultimately leading to disastrous results for human life. Pollinating insects like
bumblebees are a good example. These creatures play an integral role in the growth of crops.
Therefore, the decline in pollinating insects has understandably provoked widespread
concern regarding agricultural productivity.

In conclusion, I am of the opinion that it is in the interests of mankind to put more efforts
into protecting wild animals.

274 words, written by Phuong Dang

68 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
'TRANSLATION

Dung la co d1t nhieu di;>ng vi;lt hoang da dang tren ba tuy(!t chung do S1,J' chc;1y theo tang tm&ng
kinh te kh6ng ngCmg cua loai ngLJ>6'i. Vi the, hoc;1t d(>ng bao ton d(>ng v t hoang da luon la
m9t de tai dlJ'Q'C dc;1i chung quan tam. Tuy nhien, co nhCrng ngll'CYi tranh cai
rang bao ton d9ng vi;lt dang co nguy CO' tuy(!t chung la khong dm thiet, xet theo mll'c
chi phf kh6ng 16 va th6'i gian phai bo ra, va rang nhCrng ngu6n tai nguyen nay nen dll'Q'C chuyen
sang cac dl,J' an trl,J'c tiep dem lc;Ji IQ'i fch cho con ngll'CYi. Ca nhan toi khong d6ng y v&i suy
nghT nay vi nhCrng ly do dlJ'Q'C chi ra dU'&i day.

Y bi(!n minh dau tien la bat chap nhCrng nguon 11,J'c kh6ng 16 dlJ'Q'C phan b6 de bao t6n d9ng vi;lt
hoang da tfnh t&i nay, Sl,J' t6n tc;1i cua vo s6 loai van dang bi de d9a. Tren thl,J'c te, hang tram tri(!u
do-la da dll'Q'C d6 vao cac dl,J' an bao t6n nhll' cung cap nai tru ngl,J
cho nhCrng d9ng vi;lt co nguy CO' tuy(!t chung; tuy nhien, nhieu the kl gan day da chll'ng kien Sl,J'
bien mat cua hang nghin loai, va ti 1$ tuy(!t chung dang tren da tang. Day la minh chll'ng cho
thay nhCrng no 11,J'c bao t6n d9ng vi;\t hoang da trong qua khll' dlJ'ang nhlJ' chLJ>a thoa dang, chll'
dCmg noi den chuy(!n la qua nhieu.

Ngoai ra, xet theo m6i quan h(! khong the tach rai giCra loai ngLJ>ai va thien nhien hoang da, coi nh
tam quan tr9ng cua vi(!c bao VE;! cac loai dang bi de dQa qua la vo Ii. Noi each khac, chi can
m9t loai d9ng vi;lt hoang da bien mat khoi h(! sinh thai thoi cOng co
the lam dll't gay toan b9 chuoi thll'C an, r6t cu9c dan t&i nhCrng ket Cl,JC tham hQa cho loai
ngll'CYi. NhCrng loai con trung thi,J phan nhll' ong ngh(! la m9t vf di,J thfch hQ'p. NhCrng
sinh vi;lt nay dong vai tr6 thiet yeu trong tang tm&ng cay trong. Do d6, vi$c s1,Jt giam con trung
thi,J phan r6 rang da gay nen m6i quan ngc;1i r9ng khiip ve san ILJ>Q'ng nong nghi$p.
Tom lc;1i, t6i ung h9 quan diem rang vi(!c no 11,J'c nhieu han trong vi(!c bao v(! d9ng v$t hoang da
chfnh la vi IQ'i fch cua nhan loc;1i.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 69
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
a host of
a lot of

Fast food restaurants now offer

a host of beverages to go with your meal -
anything from sodas, to coffees and even
smoothies.

pursuit of (n)
the act of trying to achieve a plan, or situation
(over a long period of time)

Many people consider the pursuit of

happiness as the purpose of life.

a topic of general/ public

a topic that many people want to know about
interest (n)
How to gain work-life balance is a topic
of general interest.

extremely large
colossal (a)
The team were asking a colossal amount of
money for the project.

to spend something on something

divert sth to sth (v)
The government is going to divert more
* allot sth to sth money to upgrading transport facilities.
* allocate sth to sth

70 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
on the increase
increasing

The obesity rates are on the

increase he or d 'E: .

testament to sth (n)

proof that something is true The

long queue outside the

v- restaurant is a testament to its
v- quality.
v­
v--

woefully inadequate (a) seriously lacking

-1 o ·c c: beh deforestation
remain strong, and planting efforts
are woefully inadequate to reverse
the loss of tree cover.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 71
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
let alone (idm)
not to mention
i used after a negative statement, to
emphasize how unlikely a situation is
because something much more likely
has never happened

I don't have the patience to care for a puppy,

let alone a baby.

downplay (v)
to make something less important It

would be irresponsible for me to

downplay the magnitude of this crisis or
assure you that everything is under control.

be involved in something, especially in an

play an integral role (in) important way

The news media play an integral role

in the modern world. worry

of many people
widespread concern (n)
There is widespread concern among
scientists about the safety of storing nuclear
waste underground.

in order to achieve something, or benefit

in the interests of someone

The race was postponed in the interests of

safety.

72 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
 GENERA
VOCABULAR
L REVIE
Y
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases.
W
1. Governments should ............................................funding to campaigns that raise public
awareness about the detrimental effects of an unhealthy lifestyle.

Meaning: spend something on

2. Despite recent efforts made by the authorities, public transportation in Vietnam is

still....... .......................

Meaning: seriously lacking

3. The approach suggested by the Prime Minister tends to....................................................many

of the practical difficulties in assessing the real costs of investment in renewables.

Meaning: make something seem less important

4. There is a .. .. .. .. ..................................................................about urban sprawl, which has

negative impacts on natural resources and economic health.

Meaning: worry of many people

5. The majority saw little future for college-based sandwich courses,....................

.............................the industrial part.

Meaning: not to mention

6. A ......................... sperm whale was found beached in Scotland last week with 220
pounds of plastic in its stomach.

Meaning: huge

7. In winter, fine dust pollution tends to be ..

.......due to dry
weather and low humidity in the air.

Meaning: increasing

8. Mounting evidence shows that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with ..

..................................................health risks, including Type 2 diabetes, certain cancers,
anxiety and depression.

Meaning: a lot of

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 73
 l c_A_N_e_A_NG_[s_o,s_o_J @
VE 1 VE2
Toi d6ng y Toi khong d6ng y
[Qua nhil!u til!n va thai gian dU'Q'C [Bao t6n d9ng v t co IQ"i cho con
danh cho vi c bao v d9ng v t] ngU'<>'i]

* Y chinh * Y chinh 1
Con nglJ'ai con nhi u v.fin d c.fip Con nglYai c6 lien h$ m t thiet v&i
bach hO'n phai giai quyet thay vi bao d(>ng v t hoang da.
v$ d(>ng v t.

* Vid1,1 * Giai thich

Th.fit nghi$p va ni;m d6i dang tran Ian Do v y, Sl,J' tuy$t chung cua d(>ng v
& nhi u qu6c gia. t c6 th anh hlY&ng x u t&i con
ngU'ai.

* Vid1,1
Tc;ti sao te giac quan tr9ng d6i v&i
con nglfai?

74 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
conversation of wild animals (n)
vi$c baa ton d(>ng v t hoang da
* protection of wild animals: vi$c baa v$
d9ng vi;it hoang da
* protect wild animals
* save wild animals
* wildlife conservation
* wildlife preservation
* combat the extinction of some animals:
ch6ng 19i Sl,l' tuy$t chung cua m¢t s6 loai d
¢ng vi;it

have an inextricable relationship with c6 m6i quan h$ khong th tach rai v&i
wildlife d(>ng v t hoang da

ecological balance (n) SI! can b.1ing sinh thai

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 75
 V TOPI
VOCABULA
RY
C REVIE
Exercise: Choose the correct answer.

1. Which word is different from the others?

W
A. conserve
B. wreck
C. preserve
D. save

2. An adjective to describe the relationship between humankind and wildlife?

A. inexplicable
B. inexorable
C. inextricable
D. inexhaustible

3.............is a term used to describe the equilibrium between living organisms such as
human being, plants, and animals as well as their environment.

A. Ecological balance
C. Ecological footprint
B. Ecosystem services
D. Ecosystem diversity

4. What is the antonym of "combat" in the phrase "combat the extinction of animals"?

A. mitigate B. exacerbate
C. alleviate D. curb

5. Which word is not a synonym of "wildlife"?

A. flora and fauna

B. natural species
C. vegetation
D. wild creatures

76 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
It is true that economic prosperity, which humans have enjoyed latterly, has come at the
expense of wildlife. Because of this, the conservation of wild animals has always been a topic
of public interest. However, many people argue that the time and funding allocated to this well-
intentioned ehterprise is verging on excess, and that these resources should be diverted to
projects that directly benefit humans. While this thinking is somewhat justifiable, I would
contend that it is in the interests of humankind to put more efforts into protecting wild animals.

It is understandable why some people think that too much time and money is currently being
spent on wildlife conservation. Advocates may argue that there are more pressing issues
nowadays that need addressing than protecting wild animals. For instance, nations where
unemployment and poverty are rife are in dire need of funding to remedy such problems and
raise living standards. Compared to these urgent needs, combatting the extinction of some
animals does seem like an unworthy cause.

However, notwithstanding the fact that there are indeed many crucial areas for countries to pay
attention to, I believe it would be unwise to ignore the unshaken importance of wildlife
preservation. In fact, humans have an inextricable relationship with wildlife, which means that
the extinction of a wild animal could seriously threaten the survival of mankind. The African
rhino is a telling example. Their grazing helps sustain the grasslands on which countless other
species depend, and thus maintains the ecological balance. Therfore, the decline in rhino
population could spell trouble for African savannas, and ultimately the locals. This is a
testament to how spending on the protection of wild animals is also synonymous with
safeguarding the existence of humans.

In conclusion, while it seems that time and budget are misspent in saving wild animals, I am
convinced that it is of great importance to the existence of human beings.

316 words, written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER 02- ENVIROMENT I 77

 ' TRANSLATION

SI)' th$t la thjnh VU'Q'ng kinh te ma con ngll'ai dU'Q'C t$n hU'&ng gan day da va dang phai danh
dbi bang Sl.J' song cua cac loai d(>ng v$t hoang da. Bai the, vi$c bao t6n d(>ng v$t hoang da luon la
chu de dU'Q'C cong chung quan tam. Tuy nhien, nhieu ngll'ai cho rang thai gian va kinh phi danh
cho no ll)'c tlnh nguy$n thi$n chi nay dang gan VU'Q't ngll'6'ng, va nhCrng tai nguyen nay nen
dU'Q'C chuyen hU'&ng sang cac di)' an trl)'c tiep c6 ich cho con nglJ'ai. Du suy nghT nay c6 phan
th6a dang nhlJ'ng toi cho rang no ll)'c nhieu han trong vi$c bao v$ d(>ng v$t hoang da chinh la vi
IQ'i ich cua con ngll'ai.

C6 the hieu dU'Q'C vl sao m(>t so nglJ'O'i nghT rang con ngll'ai dang danh qua nhieu thai gian va
tien bc;tc cho vi$c bao t6n d(>ng v$t hoang da. NhCrng nglJ'O'i ung h(> c6 the I$p lu$n rang hi$n
nay c6 nhieu van de cap bach can giai quyet han la bao v$ d(>ng v$t hoang da. Vi d1,1, cac
quoc gia nai nc;tn that nghi$p va ngheo d6i dang hoanh hanh rat can cac ngu6n tai trQ' de khac
ph1,1c nhCrng van de nay va nang cao mll'c song. So v&i nhO,ng nhu cau cap thiet nay, vi$c chien
dau chong lc;ti SI)' tuy$t chung cua m(>t so loai d(>ng v$t c6 ve la m(>t vi$c khong dang dU'Q'C
quan tam.

Tuy nhien, du tren thl)'C te c6 nhieu ITnh Vl)'C thl)'C SI)' trong yeu ma cac quoc gia can chu y
nhlJ'ng toi tin rang neu b6 qua tam quan tr9ng khong the phu nh$n cua vi$c bao t6n d(>ng v$t
hoang da la khong khon ngoan. Tren thl)'C te, con ngll'ai c6 moi quan h$ khong the tach rai v&i
d(>ng v$t hoang da; dieu d6 c6 nghTa la SI)' tuy$t chung cua m(>t
loai d(>ng v$t hoang da c6 the de d9a nghiem tr9ng den SI)' song con cua loai ngll'ai. Te giac
chau Phi la m(>t vi d1,1 dien hinh. Vi$c chung g m co giup duy trl vung d6ng co nai c6 v6 so
loai khac ph1,1 thu(>c, qua d6 SI)' can bang sinh thai dU'Q'C duy tri. Do d6, SI)' suy giam so
IU'Q'ng te giac c6 the gay ra nhieu van de cho cac vung thao nguyen chau Phi va cho ca ngll'ai
dan dja phll'ang. Oay la m(>t minh chll'ng cua vi$c chi tieu cho vi$c bao v$ d(>ng v$t hoang da
c(ing dong nghTa v&i vi$c bao v$ SI)' ton tc;1i cua con ngll'O'i.

T6m lc;ti, du c6 ve thai gian va ngan sach dang bi lang phi cho vi$c bao v$ d(>ng v$t hoang da
nhll'ng toi tin rang d6 la vi$c rat quan tr9ng doi v&i SI)' t6n vong cua loai nglJ'O'i.

78 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
economic prosperity (n)
a state in which people are successful and
have a lot of money

Economic prosperity has allowed a

rising number of Chinese to live an
affluent lifestyle.

at the expense of (idm) in a way that harms something or someone

His fame was earned at the expense of

health and happiness.

willingness to do something new that takes

well-intentioned enterprise (n)
a lot of effort

They've shown a great deal of well

intentioned enterprise in setting up this
project.

to come near to being (a particular state,

verge on sth (v) quality, or feeling)

Domestically produced cars are overpriced

while prices for imported cars verge on
the absurd.

CHAPTER 02- ENVIROMENT I 79

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
justifiable (a)
reasonable (having a good reason for
something)

The violence of the revolutionary years

was justifiable on the grounds of
political necessity.

pressing issue (n) urgent or needing to be dealt with

immediately

A new survey shows that for millennials

in India, religious conflict is the most
pressing issue affecting the country after
corruption and poverty.

full of something unpleasant

be rife with (a)
* rampant (a): (something Once again the popular press in
unpleasant) very common or happen Britain has been rife with stories
a lot about the royal marriage of Prince
Harry and Meghan Markle.
Malaria is rampant in wet months in
Vietnam.

very serious or extreme need

in dire need of
Large parts of the country are still
in dire need of infrastructure.

80 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
remedy (v)
to deal with a difficult situation or solve a
problem

It is imperative that governments

tia II able so ut s to remedy
the issue of crime.

unworthy cause (n)

something that does not deserve time,
attention, or funding

It is o e o ques whether the

money we have donated will be going
to an unworthy cause.

unshaken importance of (n)

(used to emphasize) the great importance

Our future generations should be allowed to

enjoy the Mother Nature while recognizing
the unshaken importance of wildlife
towards our wellbeing and surroundings.

to cause problems The

spell trouble for (v)

disease is,
pork production in Southeast Asia
and could also spell trouble for U.S
grain exporters supplying animal feeds.

CHAPTER 02- ENVIROMENT I 81

 GENERA
VOCABULARY
L REVIE
be synonymous with (a)
W
(two things) have the same meaning; or
are very closely associated with each
other

Paris has always been synonymous

with love, making it a leading
destination for fiances seeking to
create an unforgettable wedding.

to use time or money in a way that wastes

misspend (v)
it or is not wise

Much of the money was grossly

misspent.

to be very important to something

be of great importance to

Conservation of water is of great

importance in desert areas.

82 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

Ecercise: Fill in the blanks using the words listed above.

1. Recent revelations implied that Americans were fighting and dying in Vietnam for

Meaning: something that is not deserving

2. When it comes to losing weight, some people think that putting themselves in direct path of
temptation and being able to resist it is a.......................................................to their willpower.
Meaning: a proof

3. The people who live on Train Street in Hanoi have developed a harmonious
coexistence with the dangers inherent to their community. Resilience is ...............
.............Vietnamese, and this unique street is one of the best showcases.
Meaning: be closely associated with

4. The first novel volume is the author's account of his bars

................ youth in the
of London.
Meaning: waste time

5. The Mekong Delta is home to 15 million people, many of whom rely on the delta's rich soil
and water resources for farming and fishing. Therefore, environmental
changes could ...... .....................their livelihood.
Meaning: cause problems

6. Plastic pollution has become one of the most ... ..............................., as rapidly
increasing production of disposable plastic products overwhelms the world's ability to deal
with them.
Meaning: urgent problems

7. Banning helium balloons doesn't sound a good idea, for the simple reason that
many people don't want the government, no matter how. ...., to force
them to give up something they like, because it's good for the planet.
Meaning: for good purpose

8. It is currently fashionable to forswear flesh eating ..

_........animal rights or a lower cholesterol level.
Meaning: in order to ensure

9. Local administrations have been working with agricultural engineers to identify robust
strategies to..........................................saltwater intrusion in the Mekong Delta.
Meaning: to cope with

CHAPTER 02- ENVIROMENT I 83

 02. Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the
environment.
'I
What can governments do to address these problems? What
can individual people do?

I H_J!.._u_a_u_A_-_G 1AP_H1 _A_P @

VE 1 VE2

H u qua Giai phap

[Con ngLPO'i dang tan pha moi trLPang [M9t s6 giai phap kha thi cho vfm
theo nhieu each.] de.]

* Y chinh 1 * Y chinh 1
Nhu c u tieu thv nang IU'qng kh6ng 16 Oi u nay giup giam vi$c SU' dvng nhien
li$u h6a thc;1ch.
* Giai thich
Khi thai tU' vi$c SU' dvng nang IU'qng * Vid1,1
truy n thong trong san xuat g6p Xe chc;1y di$n va nang IU'qng thay the
ph n lam 6 nhiem kh6ng khi.
Tlnh hlnh t6i t$ han do ti 1$ phll'ang
ti$n ca nhan tang cao.

* Vid1,1
Ti 1$ SU' dl)ng 6 to tang VQt CY Vi$t Nam * Y chinh 2
Tang CU'6'ng cac chien djch giup nang

* Y chinh 2 cao nh n thll'c cua c('>ng d6ng

Hang tieu dung gia re dang dU'Q'c san xuat

* Vid1,1
hang loc;1t. Chuy€m tU' chai nhl,J'a sang d6 dl,l'ng tai
* Giai thich sU' dvng dU'qc
MQi ngll'6'i tieu dung va Vll't di nhi u
han --. Rae thai nhi u han gay qua tai
CY cac bai ch6n lap va 6 nhiem ngu6n
nll'&c.

84 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
have an inextricable relationship with
c6 moi quan h$ kh6ng th€! tach rai v&i
nature
ti! nhien

deterioration of environmental quality

SI! xau di cua chat ILI'Q'ng m6i
(n)
tmang
* environmental degradation (n):
S1,J' xuong cap cua m6i tmang

* environment pollution (n): SI! 6 nhiem

m6i tmang
* environment contamination (n):
S1,J' nhiem d9c m6i tnr6'ng

catastrophically exacerbate air

lam xau di tlnh tr9ng 6 nhiem kh6ng
pollution
khf m9t each khung khiep

wreck (v)
* devastate (v): pha huy, gay t6n h,;1i
pha huy, lam h9i

* take a (heavy) toll on: lam h9i

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 85
. .......-,TOPIC
VOCABULARY
be alarmingly contaminated (v)
bi 6 nhiem d.§n mll'c bao dong

massive exhaust emissions (n) ILYQ'ng khf thai kh6ng 16

* toxic exhaust fumes (n): khf thai doc h9i

* carbon footprint (n): di'lu chan carbon

(ILYQ'ng khf thai carbon sinh ra do cac
ho<;1t dong cua con ngLYai)
* greenhouse gas emissions (n): khf thai
nha kinh

the combustion of fossil fuels (n) vii;lc d6i nhien lii;lu

* consumption of fossil fuels (n):
vii;lc tieu th1,1 nhien lii;lu
* enormous energy consumption (n):
Sl,J' tieu th1,1 nhien lii;lu kh6ng 16
* econological footprint (n): ILYQ'ng nhien lii;lu
tl,J' nhien ma ai d6 ho c cai gl SU' d1,1ng

carbon-intensive energy source (n) ngu6n nang ILYQ'ng san sinh

* fossil fuel (n): nhien lii;lu h6a th9ch nhi§u khf carbon
* conventional energy source (n): ngu6n
nang ILYQ'ng truy§n th6ng
* unsustainable source of energy (n):
ngu6n nang ILYQ'ng kh6ng b§n vO,ng
* non-renewable power (n): nang ILYQ'ng
kh6ng tai t<;10 dU'Q'C

86 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
renewable (n)
nang IU'qng tai t9o
** renewable energy (n): nang lll'Q'ng tai t.;10
alternative energy source (n):
nguon nang IU'Q'ng thay the
* sustainable energy source (n):
nguon nang IU'Q'ng ben v[i>ng
* carbon-free energy (n): nang lll'Q'ng
kh6ng san sinh khi carbon
* solar energy (n): nang lll'Q'ng m$t trai
* wind energy (n): nang ILI'qng gi6
* hydropower (n): nang IU'qng nll'&c
* nuclear energy (n): nang IU'qng h9t nhan
* green technology (n) c6ng ngh(l xanh
* hybrid vehicle (n): phLI'ang ti(ln "lai" SU'
d1,1ng 2 c6ng ngh(l dc)ng ca
* energy security (n): an ninh, nang lll'Q'ng

a throw-away society (n) mc)t xa hc)i ma moi ngll'O'i Vll't b6 do

d9c nhieu, ke ca khi chung van con dung
dlJ'Q'C

single-use (a)
* disposable (a): (san phflm) dung mc)t lfln (san pham) dung mc)t lfln

* non-biodegradable (a): kh6ng phan huy

ti)' nhien dU'Q'C.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 87
ITOPIC VOCABULARY
overload landfills (v) lam qua tai cac bai chem l p

sustainable lifestyle choice (n)

* eco-friendly (a): than thit;in v&i m6i
each s6ng than thit;in v&i m6i tmang

trU'ang

tai SU' dt,mg dU'Q'C

reusable (a)
* biodegradable (a): phan huy ti)'
nhien dU'Q'C
* recyclable (a): tai ch dU'Q'C

88 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 V VOCABULARY
TOPI
REVIEW
C
Exercise 1: Find alternative expressions for the following words.

1. Fossil fuels: ............................................................................

2. Alternative energy: ................................................................

3. Environment pollution: .............................................................................

4. Emissions: ....................................................................

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Single-use plastics, or d.........................................(used once and thrown away) plastics,

are used only once before they are thrown away or recycled.

2. Petroleum-based plastic is not b..............................................(able to decay naturally) and

usually goes into a landfill where it is buried or it gets into the water and finds its way into the
ocean.

3. We produce hundreds of millions of tons of plastic every year, most of which is not
r...........................(able to be recycled). It is obvious that we need to use less plastic, move
towards environmentally s...................................................(not harmful to the environment)
products and services, as well as coming up with technology that recycles plastic more
efficiently.

4. R.........................(can be used again) items and systems have been proven to be

highly effective and a key solution in shifting away from s................................plastics.

5. The c....................(burning) of fossil fuels creates harmful greenhouse gas emissions

and our planet is already feeling the impact of climate change. By using r...............
(alternative energy) instead of fossil fuels we would significantly reduce c...
.............(amount of exhaust emissions), and this would have positive environmental
impact for our entire planet.

6. Alternative energy can improve our e................... s.............................(enough energy) by

reducing the need for foreign oil import.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 89
 'SAMPLE
Itiswidely acknowledged that humans have an inextricable relationship with nature.
Therefore, the deterioration of environmental quality in recent decades has taken a heavy toll
on human life. This essay will demonstrate some ways in which humans are destroying the
environment before outlining a number of viable solutions to mitigate the situation.

It is evident that the natural environment is being wrecked by human activities. First, the
enormous energy consumption in production is a major contributor to environmental
problems. In fact, massive exhaust emissions released from the combustion of fossil fuels for
manufacturing have catastrophically exacerbated air pollution. This is compounded by the
widespread use of fuel-powered vehicles, especially automobiles. For example, the rocketing
rate of car ownership among middle-income Vietnamese nationals have rendered the
atmosphere in major cities alarmingly contaminated. Additionally, the mass production of
low-priced consumer
goods is also to blame. The fact that consumer goods today can be had more cheaply and
readily has spawned a throw-away society, creating more waste, overloading landfills and
polluting water sources.

Several feasible solutions can be implemented to remedy the aforementioned issues. Firstly, the
government should allocate more funding to green technology, which is key to lowering the
reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources. For example, the use of hybrid vehicles and
renewables will help cut down on the consumption of fossil fuels, and thus reducing the volume
of toxic exhaust fumes. Secondly, campaigns that raise public awareness about environmental
degradation should be intensified. Once people are aware of the dire state of the environment
and its repercussions, they would be nudged towards more sustainable lifestyle choices, such as
switching from single-use plastic bottles to reusable containers.

In conclusion, unbridled consumption of conventional energy and consumer goods are the
primary culprits behind major environmental issues, and it is that the proposed solutions be
universally adopted to help protect the planet.

310 words, written by Phuong Dang

90 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 ' TRANSLATION

C6 m(>t Sl,l' th$t dU'Q'C thll'a nh$n r(>ng rai la con ngU'ai c6 moi quan h$ khong the tach rai vai
tl,l' nhien. Do d6, Sl,l' suy giam chat IU'Q'ng moi tmang trong nhO,ng th$p ky gan day da gay ton
h<;1i n$ng ne cho cu(')c song con ngLI'O'i. Bai lu$n nay se neu ra m(')t so phLI'ang thU'c ma con
ngLI'ai dang huy ho9i moi tmang tmac khi phac thao nhO,ng giai
phap kha thi de giam nhe tinh tr9ng nay.

Ro rang la moi tmang tl,l' nhien dang bi tan pha b&i cac ho9t d(>ng cua con ngLI'ai. 8au tien,
vi$c tieu th1,1 IU'Q'ng nang ILI'Q'ng khong 16 trong san xuat la yeu to chfnh gay ra cac van de
moi tmang. Tren thl,l'c te, ILI'Q'ng khf thai vo cung Ian thai ra tll' qua trinh dot
nhien li$u h6a th<;1ch ph1,1c v1,1 cho san xuat da va dang lam t6i t$ han tinh tr9ng o nhiem khong
khi. Tinh hinh nay con tr& nen nghiem tr9ng han do vi$c SU' d1,1ng r(>ng rai cac phU'ang ti$n SU'
d1,1ng chat dot, d$c bi$t la o to. Vf dt,1, ti 1$ s& hO,u o to cua nhO,ng ngU'ai
c6 thu nhc;1p trung blnh 6' Vi$t Nam tang v9t da khien bau kh6ng khf 6' cac thanh pho Ian bi o
nhiem m(>t each dang bao d(')ng. Them vao d6, vi$c san xuat hang io9t hang tieu dung gia re
cung la nguyen nhan. Thl,l'c te la hang h6a tieu dung ngay nay c6 the
c6 gia re han va san han da sinh ra m(')t "xa h(')i vLPt cua di", t9o ra nhieu phe thai, lam qua tai
cac bai ch6n lap va gay 6 nhiem ngu6n nU'ac.

Chung ta c6 the thl,l'c hi$n m(')t so giai phap kha thi de khac ph1,1c cac van de neu tren. Thll' nhat,
chfnh phu nen phan bo nhieu ngan sach han cho c6ng ngh$ xanh - chia kh6a giam Sl,l' pht,1
thu(')c vao cac ngu6n nang IU'Q'ng thai nhieu carbon. Vf dt,1, vi$c SU' d1,1ng xe "lai" va nang
ILI'Q'ng tai t9o se giup cat giam tieu th1,1 nhien li$u h6a th9ch, tll' d6

lam giam ILI'Q'ng khf thai d(>c h9i. ThLP hai, can tang wang chien dich nang cao nhc;1n
thLPc c(>ng d6ng ve tinh tr<;1ng xuong cap cua m6i tmang. M(')t khi ngLI'O'i dan nhc;1n thU'c
dU'Q'C tinh tr<;1ng t6i t$ cua m6i tmang va nhO,ng h$u qua cua n6, hQ se hLI'ang tai cac
11,l'a ch9n theo loi song ben vO,ng han, chang h9n nhLI' chuyen tll' chai nhl,l'a SU' d1,1ng m(>t Ian
sang lo9i c6 the tai SU' d1,1ng.

T6m 19i, tieu th1,1 nang ILI'Q'ng truyen thong va hang h6a tieu dung kh6ng kiem soat chfnh la thu
ph9m chfnh dang sau cac van de m6i tmang nghiem tr9ng, va dieu bat bu(>c la cac giai phap
dU'Q'C de xuat phai dU'Q'C ap d1,1ng r(>ng rai de giup bao v$ hanh tinh nay.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 91
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
viable solution (n)
possible way to successfully deal with a
* feasible measure (n): possible
problem
way to successfully deal with a
problem The recommendations highlight the
importance of finding viable solutions to
address social media addiction among the
youth.

major contributor to (n)

one of the main reasons why something
happens

Aviation is considered to be a major

contributor to global warming.

compound (v)
to make a problem or difficult situation worse

His financial problems were compounded

when he unexpectedly lost his job.

a citizen of a particular country Nearly

national (n) 1.3 million Vietnamese

nationals have immigrated to the
United States since the communist
takeover of South Vietnam in 1975.

to cause someone or something to be in a

particular state
render (v)
These tests were so seriously flawed as to
render the results meaningless.

92 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
be to blame (for sth)
to be the reason for something bad that happens
* primary culprit behind/ for sth:
be the reason for something bad that Lack of paren a car is to blame for
happens aggressive and anti-social children.

very important and having a lot of influence on

be key to (a)
people or things
* imperative (a): extremely
important or urgent Education is key to he prosperi of

if
any nation.
It remains imperative that all parties
should be involved in the talks.

consequence
repercussion (n)
Any decrease in tourism could have dire
repercussions for the local economy.

to gently encourage or persuade someone to

do something
nudge sb towards sth
His parents tried to nudge him
towards changing his mind.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 93
 VOCAGBEUN REVIE
LEARRAYL
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.
W
1. Over the past decade, severe droughts have.............................................................................. on
crops, livestock, and farmers in many parts of the world.
Meaning: do harm

2. Many fitness apps can..............................users towards doing things as basic as drinking

more water and staying more active to forming better habits towards healthy eating and

fitter living.
Meaning: encourage

3. Consensus over the past few years has been that an increased sedentary lifestyle has been

...................................................................rampant obesity.
Meaning: cause

4. One dire ...............................of Vietnam war is that it made Americans, especially the
baby boomer generation, more cynical and less trusting of government and of

authority.
Meaning: consequence

5. Experts speculate that self-driving vehicles will ....

.........transport landscape
obsolete.
Meaning: cause

6. Business leaders say that company culture is the single most important.
to their success - though most believe they were not investing enough, blaming
perceived the cost and time needed.
Meaning: factor

7. As well as educating and encouraging people to eat a balanced diet and exercise
regularly to maximise longevity, an optimistic outlook is also deemed ................... to a
healthy lifestyle.
Meaning: important

94 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 ,03.
Fossil fuel is the main source of energy. In some countries, the
use of alternative sources of energy is encouraged. Is this a
positive or negative development?

I M_ _r_L_r,_1-_M_ _r_H_f!._' @
M T H/!-1 M T L(ll
Nang h.l'<;)'ng thay the c6 nhll'ng hcjln
Nang IU'<;>'ng thay the c6 nhr,,ng U'U
che gi?
di m gi?

* Y chinh 1
* Y chinh 1
Qua dat, chi nhCmg quoc gia giau c6
Than thi n v&i m6i tmong
m&i c6 the ap dl,lng

* Giai thich
Anh hU'&ng cua tieu thl,l nang ILI'Q'ng
* Y chinh 2 h6a th9ch qua khung khiep, vi c chuyen
Khong 6n djnh, vi the kh6ng dap (mg
sang nang ILI'Q'ng thay the la
dU'Q'C nhu cau Ian
can thiet

* Y chinh 3 * Y chinh 2
C6 the dU'Q'C dung cho ml,lc dfch khac Giai phap nang ILI'Q'ng ben vO,ng

* Vid1:1:
* Giai thich
OU'Q'C t9o ra tll' nhO,ng tai nguyen
Iran va Bae Trieu Tien: quan S1,1'
v6t n, nanglLI'Q'ngthaythela can
thiet cho tU'ang lai lau dai cua
nhan lo9i.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 95
A TOPIC VOCABULARY
energy crisis (n)
khung hoang nang lu,qng
* world energy consumption (n): mll'c tieu
th1,1 nang lu,qng toan cau
* global energy demand (n): nhu du
nang lll'Q'ng toan cau
* scarcity (n): SI)' khan hiem
* dispute over natural resources (n):
tranh chap tai nguyen thien nhien

alternative energy (n)

* renewable (n): nang lu,qng thay the
nanglU'Q'ngthaythe

* carbon-free energy source (n): ngu6n

nang lll'Q'ng khong chU'a carbon (cac
ngu6n nang lll'Q'ng thay the)
* power generated from renewable
source (n): nang lu,qng t<;10 ra tl.l' ngu6n
tai nguyen VO h<;1n
* greener substitute (n): phu,ang an thay
the than thi n v&i moi tru,ang han

weaponize (v)
* global security threat (n): moi de d9a
vu khf h6a

an ninh toan cau

uranium enrichment (n)

* weapons-grade nuclear material (n):
qua trinh lam giau uranium (uranium
la nguyen li u cho born h<;1t nhan)
nhien li u h<;1t nhan dung de che t<;10 vu
khf

96 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

J v' l_vo_c_Ae_J_fl_J _R_E_V_IE_W
Exercise 1: Alternative Energy

What are the different ways to say 'alternative energy'?

- energy from inexhaustible sources? re.......................(a) energy or re.................

(noun - plural)

- energy that does not contain carbon?.............................................................energy

- energy that does not hurt the environment?..........................................................energy

Based on the answers above, can you guess 3 different ways to say 'fossil fuels'?

- energy can be exhausted? ex.................................................................(a) resources.

- energy that is based on carbon?............................................................energy.

- energy that negatively affects the environment? un .............(a) energy

sources.

Exercise 2: Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy, properly harnessed, can be a reliable source of energy and the answer to the
world's energy c........................................................(when we run out of energy).

However, it is often associated with the threat of w................................

(the process of turning something into a weapon). Nuclear bombs can indeed cause catastrophic
outcomes, as evidenced by the horrific bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

In order to create a nuclear bomb, uranium has to be en....................

(to create more). This process creates w..................-g.............................................(suitable for
weaponry) nuclear material, which is the main component of a nuclear weapon.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 97
 'SAMPLE
The environmental impact caused by the burning of fossil fuel is unequivocal. In light of this,
more countries are turning to power generated from renewable sources like wind and sunlight
as a greener substitute. However, along with widespread support, alternative energy also
raises certain concerns. This essay will look at both the pros and cons of this new type of
energy and show how the world's embracing it is a positive development.

Opponents of renewables could cite several reasons for their worries. First, this type of
energy is prohibitively expensive to produce and store, which means it is out of reach for
less developed nations. Second, the current output of alternative energy is far from being
enough to meet the demands of most nations. Finally, some renewables could be
weaponized, which could make them a global security threat. The escalating international
tensions surrounding uranium enrichment and
development of weapons-grade nuclear material in countries such as Iran and North Korea
are a testament to the risk of renewables.

On the other hand, despite the aforementioned setbacks, much of the world is still in favor of
alternative energy sources, and justifiably so. The most obvious benefit of this type of power
is its minimal impact on the environment. Renewables have extremely low carbon footprint
compared to fossil fuels, and given how dire environmental pollution has become and how it
affects our very existence, the switch to carbon-
free energy sources is necessary. Another compelling point is that because they are created
from resources that are practically infinite, alternative energy is the answer to the imminent
energy crisis.

In conclusion, I believe the ui:iside of alternative energy sources is far more significant that
their downside. While there are real challenges that we need to overcome to make universal
adoption of renewables feasible and affordable, recent success with storage and production
technologies promises that this will soon be a reality.

315 words, written by Tung Dang

98 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 ' TRANSLATION

Tac d(mg t&i m6i tmang cua vi$c dot nhien li$u h6a thc;1ch la v6 cung r6 rang. B&i vfJ.y, nhieu
quoc gia dang chuy€m sang cac nang IU'Q'ng ti;lo ra tll' nhO,ng nguon tai nguyen v6 hi;!n nhlJ' gi6
va anh sang mi;it trai nhlJ' m<)t SI,!' thay the "xanh" han. Tuy nhien, cung v&i SI/ ung hi) r<)ng
khap nay, nang IU'Q'ng thay the ding gay ra nhO,ng quan ngl;)i nhM djnh. Bai lui;\n nay se nhln
nhi;\n ca U'U va nhll'Q'C diem cua lol;)i nang IU'Q'ng m&i nay dong thai chi ra ViE;lC the gi&i
theo du6i n6 chfnh la mot Sl,J' phat trien tfch Cl,J'C.

NhCl'ng ngll'O'i phan doi nang IU'Q'ng tai t9o c6 the vi$n dan mot s6 ly do cho nhCl'ng lo lang cua
he;>. Oau tien, lo9i nang ILI'Q'ng nay ton rat nhieu tien de san xuat va IU'u trCI'; dieu d6 c6 nghTa
la n6 nam ngoai tam v&i cua cac quoc gia kem phat trien han. Thll'
hai, san IU'Q'ng nang IU'qng thay the hiE%ln nay chU'a dap (mg du nhu cau cua hau het cac quoc
gia. Cuoi cung, mot so lol;li nang IU'Q'ng tai t9o c6 the bi vu khf h6a, khien chung tr& thanh
moi de dc;>a an ninh toan cau. Cang thang the gi&i leo thang xung quanh viE%lc
lam giau uranium va phat trien v<;1t li$u hc;1t nhan cap vu khf & cac qu6c gia nhll' Iran va Trieu
Tien la mot minh chll'ng cho nguy ca cua nang ILI'Q'ng tai t9o.

Mi;it khac, bat chap nhO,ng tr& ng9i neu tren, phan Ian the gi&i van ung hi) cac nguon nang
IU'Q"ng thay the, va nhU' vi;\y cung la chfnh dang. LQ'i [ch r6 rang nhat cua lo9i nang ILI'Q'ng nay
la tac d<)ng t6i thieu cua n6 den m6i tmang. Nang ILI'Q'ng tai tc;10 c6 IU'Q"ng
"dau chan carbon" Cl,J'C thap so v&i nhien li$u h6a thl;lch, va trong b6i canh 6 nhiem m6i
tmang da tr& nen nghiem trc;>ng dong thai n6 cung anh hU'&ng den Sl,J' ton t9i cua chung ta,
vi$c chuyen sang cac nguon nang IU'Q'ng kh6ng chlJ'a carbon la can thiet. Mot
lui;\n diem thuyet ph1,1c khac la do dU'Q'C ti;JO ra tll' cac nguon tai nguyen v6 hi;ln, nang IU'Q'ng
thay the chfnh la cau tra lai cho cu<)c khung hoang nang IU'Q'ng dang ci;\n ke.

T6m li;!i, t6i tin rang mi;it Heh Cl,J'C cua cac nguon nang ILI'Q'ng thay tht'.'l c6 y nghTa han nhieu
so v&i nhU'Q'C diem cua chung. Du c6 nhCl'ng thach thll'C thl,J'C Sl,J' ma chung ta can phai VU'Q"t
qua de ViE;lC ap dt,mg ph6 bien nang IU'Q'ng tai ti;JO tr& nen kha thi va gia ca phai chang, nhll'ng
nhCl'ng thanh c6ng gan day v&i c6ng ngh$ IU'u trCI' va san xuat hll'a ht;m dieu nay se s&m tr&
thanh hi$n thl,J'c.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I 99
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
unequivocal (a)
very clear

• The proof of climate change is

unequivocal, yet some nations are still
reluctant to do anything about it.

in light of
because of

In light of instability and violence in

neighboring countries, the government has
decided to tighten border security.

turn to (v)
to switch to something/ someone else

As the political situation in the country

sours, many citizens are turning to
Western nations for refuge.

widespread support (n) support from a majority

Although Hilary Clinton elicited

widespread support in the 2016 election,
Trump still came out on top in the end.

to cause people to worry

raise concern (v)
The developments in Hong Kong have
raised deep concerns worldwide about
democracy and human rights.

too expensive or too difficult

out of reach (a)
The proposed retail price of the product is
going to put it out of the reach of most
consumers.

100 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 GENERAL VOCABULARY
embrace (v)
to accept or welcome something

Going plastic-free is a lifestyle that is being

widely embraced.

cite (v)
to mention something to prove a point The

manager cited
wasteful spending in the company to
show how better management of funds
is

prohibitively expensive (a)

very costly

in Singapore
is prohibitively expensive, but many
local residents think it's worth it
because of the convenience and
diversity of the city.

escalating tension (n)

growing anger between people or
countries
1 0
' Dispute over shared resources is one of
the main reasons for the escalating
tensions in the region.

universal (a) involving everyone/ happening

everywhere

Universal ac s is
a goal that every government should
strive toward.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I
101
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
testament to sth {n)
proof that something is true

The long queue outside the restaurant

is a testament to its quality.

to support something
be in favor of
The majority of the board are in
favor of relieving the CEO of his
duties.

to give or to be a good reason for

justify {v)
It is hard to determine who is right or
wrong in war. Each side tries to justify
their actions, but one thing is
inarguable: the human losses are
insurmountable.

convincing
compelling {a)
There is compelling evidence that learning a
language at an early age greatly helps
children develop their brains.

pros vs. cons

upside vs. downside {n - usually The economic upside must be weighed

singular) against the environmental downside.

lJ
102 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL
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I v'l_v_oc_i_ -t_::_ _R_E_V_I_E W
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. Son Tung MTP is .................................. respected in the artist community for always
pushing the envelope in terms of lyrical and musical originality.

Meaning: respected by everyone in the community

2. The iPhone's global success is a.............................................................to Steve Jobs' place

as one of the world's greatest designers.

Meaning: is proof of

3. A lawyer's job is marshalling .... ... arguments to sway the judge

and jury.

Meaning: use convincing points

4. I find his resentment perfectly............................... After all, the company did profiteer
off his lifework and left him without a penny to his name.

Meaning: I think it makes perfect sense why he's mad.

Exercise 2: Find an alternative expression for the underlined parts. You may
have to refer to a collocation dictionary or a thesaurus.

1. a. North Korea's nuclear weapons tests have raised concerns over regional security.

b. The spokesperson for the U.S. Department of State has raised concerns over North
Korea's nuclear weapons tests.

Note: 'a situation raises concerns' is slightly different from 'someone raises concerns about a
situation', though ultimately both expressions point to the same thing.

2. Cars in Vietnam are prohibitively expensive, but apparently that hasn't stopped people
from purchasing more cars.

3. Facebook was quickly embraced when it was launched.

4. In light of the sex tape scandal, the singer's career is now in ruins.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I
103
 Some people say that protecting the environment is the
government's responsibility. Others believe that every
individual should be responsible for it. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.

I T_H_A_o_Lu_A_N_H_A_1_Q_u_A_N_e_1_1::_M @
QUAN E>IEM 1 QUAN E>IEM 2
Nang IU'Q'ng thay the c6 nhO,ng h Bao v moi trU'<>'ng la trach nhi m
n che gi? cua ngU'<>'i dan.

Chinh phu c6 nhO,ng c6ng Cl) gl khi§n NgU'CYi dan c6 c6ng Cl) gl khi§n hQ tr6'
hQ tr6' nen quan trong trong vi$c giai nen quan trong trong vi$c giai quy§t cac
quy§t cac vtin d€l v€l m6i tmang? vtin d€l v€l m6i tmang?

* Y chinh 1 * Y chinh 1
Chinh sach/ phap lw)t N p s6ng than thi$n v&i m6i tmang
* Giai thich * Vidi,i
Chinh phu c6 the kiem soat vi$c san Oi phU'O'ng ti$n c6ng c9ng
xu.fit va tieu tht,J nhien li$u - 2
nguyen nhan l&n dan t&i 6 nhiem * Y chinh 2
m6i tmang. SU'c mua
* Giai thich
Ong h◊ doanh nghi$p bao v$ m6i
* Y chinh 3 tmang va t y chay doanh nghi$p
Ngan sach
kh6ng bao v$ m6i tmang de khuy§n
* Giai thich khich doanh nghi$p phai thay doi
NhO,ng c6ng ngh$ than thi$n v&i m6i each kinh doanh
trU'ang refit d t va chinh phu c6 the chi
ti€ln vao vi$c nay. * Y chinh 3
SU'c mua
* Giai thich
Vl lanh dc;10 dong vai tro quan trong trong
vi$c bao v$ m6i tmang, ngU'ai dan c6 the
b§u nhO,ng lanh dc;10 c6 dU'ang 16i bao
v$ m6i tmang.

104 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 TOPIC VOCABULARY
deterioration of the planet (n)
Sl)' XUOng cap cua m6i trLPang
* global warming (n): hi n tU'Q'ng am len
Trai dat
toan du
* ozone depletion (n): thung tang 6 z6n
* water contamination (n): 6 nhiem ngu6n
nU'O'C
* land/ soil degradation (n): suy thoai d§t
* desertification (n): hoang m9c h6a
* loss of biodiversity (n): mat di da d9ng
sinh hoc

environmental protection (n)

bao v$ m6i trLPang
* environmental conservation (n): bao t6n
m6i trLPang
* reverse the damage done to the planet (v):
dao ngLPQ'C thi$t h9i gay ra cho hanh tinh
* alleviating environmental problems (n):
lam diu cac v§n dfl m6i trLPang

state officials (n)

* state (n): chfnh phu
quan Chll'C chfnh phu

* government intervention (n): SI! can thi$p

cua chfnh phu
* participation of government (n): SI! tham
gia cua chfnh phu
* mobilize resource (v): huy d('>ng ngu6n ll)'c

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I
105
TOPIC VOCABULARY
ordinary citizens (n)
* people (n): nhan dan
dan thLI'ong

* electorate (n): CU' tri

* constituent (n): CU' tri
* taxpayer (n): ngLI'oi d6ng thue
* taxpayer's money/ tax revenue (n):
ti n dong thue/ ti n thue
* contribution of ordinary citizen (n):
Sl.J' d6ng g6p cua ngLI'oi dan

energy production and consumption vi c san xu t va tieu thl,J nang

(n) ILI'Q'ng

push for a greener future (v)

thuc d€iy m(>t tU'ang lai than thi n
VO'i moi trU'ong

\ I

106 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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_,v'l_vo_c_Ae_JL_0l_J_R
_E_V_I_E_W_
Exercise 1: Environmental problems

What problems do you think the following solutions are trying to solve?

Note: a solution can solve more than one problem.

1. Phase out ozone-depleting substances emitted by human activities

2. Plant a variety of trees

3. Set up nature reserves where animals can roam free

4. Impose strict laws on wastewater disposal

5. Store carbon dioxide underground

Exercise 2: The government and the people

a) What are some alternative words for 'the government'?

- the au........................

- the s..........................

b) What are some alternative words for 'the people'?

- the p..............

- o...........................citizens

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I
107
 'SAMPLE

As the impacts of issues like global warming and water contamination become palpable,
environmental protection has become one of humanity's chief objectives in the 21st century.
However, people are still divided on whether this responsibility rests with state officials or the
ordinary citizens. In this answer, I will look at the unique roles that both parties play in this
endeavor before drawing a reasoned conclusion.

On the one hand, reversing the damage done to planet is a massive undertaking that seems
impossible without government intervention. Most of the ongoing environmental problems
are the direct result of energy production and consumption
- something that can be regulated with legislation. In addition to this, the funds they have at
their disposal and their ability to mobilize resources make governments indispensable in
tackling environmental issues. For example, taxpayers' money can be ploughed back into
researching ways to make green technologies more commonplace and affordable.

On the other hand, while the participation of governments in alleviating environmental

problems is wholly warranted, it would be imprudent to underestimate the contribution of
ordinary citizens. People can make a huge difference with simple changes
in lifestyle like taking public transport or classifying trash. Another way in which individuals
can help protect the environment is through their consumption. Patronizing stores that
champion sustainable business practices and boycotting companies that are reluctant to reduce
waste are practical steps that consumers can take to push for a greener future. By the same
token, the electorate can use their votes to make an impact by electing officials that care deeply
about the deterioration of the planet and are committed to changing the status quo.

In conclusion, environmental conservation is a colossal responsibility that must be borne by

both the state and the people.

290 words, written by Tung Dang

108 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 I TRANSLATION

Khi cac tac d¢ng cua nhCrng van de nhll' hi$n tll'Q'ng am len toan cau va 6 nhiem ngu6n nU'&c
tr& nen r6 r$t, bao v$ m6i tmang da tr& thanh m¢t trong nhCrng m1,Jc tieu chfnh cua con ngll'ai
trong the ky 21. Tuy nhien, chung ta van bj chia re trong vi$c trach nhi$m nay thuoc ve cac
quan chU'c nha nll'6'C hay nglJ'ai dan. Trang cau tra lai nay, t6i se xem xet cac vai tro ma moi
ben dong gop trong no 11,J'c nay tm&c khi dlJ'a ra mot ket
II lu$n hqp ly.
I
M¢t mc',it, dao ngll'Q'C thi$t hc;li gay ra cho hanh tinh la mot vi$c l&n co ve bat kha thi neu kh6ng
co SI! can thi$p cua chinh phu. Hau het cac van de m6i tmang dang dien ra la ket qua trl,J'c
tiep cua vi$c san xuat va tieu thl,J nang IU'Q'ng - von dll'Q'C quy djnh b&i phap lu$t. Them vao do,
cac quy co san va kha nang huy dong ngu6n 11,J'C cua hQ khien chinh phu (co vai tro) kh6ng the
thieu trong vi$c giai quyet cac van de m6i tmang. Vi dl,l, tien dong thue co the quay vong vao
cac nghien CU'U de ph<S bien hO'n va giam gia thanh cac cong ngh$ xanh.

Mc;it khac, du Sl,J' vao cuoc cua chinh phu trong vi$c giam b&t cac van de moi trlJ'ang la chac
chan, vi$c danh gia thap SI! dong gop cua ngll'ai dan se la khong khan ngoan. MQi ngll'ai co the
tc;10 ra SI! khac bi$t l&n lao bang nhCrng thay dbi dO'n gian trong loi song nhll' SU' d1,Jng
phll'O'ng ti$n giao thong cong c¢ng hoc',ic phan loc;1i rac. Mot each khac ma cac ca nhan co the
giup bao v$ m6i tmang la thong qua each tieu dung. Thll'ang xuyen mua sam & cac CU'a hang
bao v$ hoc;1t dong kinh doanh ben vCrng va tay chay cac c6ng ty khong muon cat giam chat thai
la nhCrng blJ'O'C thiet thl,J'c ma ngll'&i tieu dung co the thl,J'c hi$n de thuc day mot tll'O'ng lai
xanh hO'n. Tll'O'ng tl,J' nhll' v$y, CU' tri co the SU' d1,Jng phieu bau cua mlnh d€! tc;10 anh
hll'&ng bang each bau ra cac quan chl.J'c quan tam sau sac den SI! xuong cap cua moi tm&ng
Trai dat va cam ket thay d<Si hi$n trc;1ng.

Tom lc;1i, bao t6n moi tm&ng la trach nhi$m to l&n phai dU'Q'C ganh vac b&i ca nha nU'&c va nhan dan.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I
109
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
palpable (a)
obvious, strongly felt

There is palpable fear among the city's

residents in the wake of the bombing attack.

disagreeing, debating
divided (a)
The two-party system is great for
democracy, but it can also cause a nation
to be deeply divided.

somebody is responsible to do something

(responsibility) rest with sb (v)

Financing college studies is something that

traditionally rests with parents.

to be needed for a specific purpose

play a role in sth (v)
The guidance of the coach plays a
pivotal role in the team's goal of
winning this season.

an attempt
endeavor (n)
'Hay Trao Cho Anh' is an ambitious
artistic endeavor of Son Tung MTP.

110 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 G NERAL VOCABULARY
massive undertaking (n)
something very difficult to do

Reversing global warming is a massive

undertaking that requires the
collaboration of governments, companies
and ordinary citizens.

have sth at sb's disposal (v)

to have something you can use

Convent10 al wisdom d ctates

you should invest the funds you have at
your disposal instead of letting it sit idly
in the bank.

indispensable (a)
extremely important

Going forward, Al will prove

indispensable in the operation of
manufacturing firms.

tackle an issue (v)

to solve an issue

The mayoral candidate promises to

step up to tackle the housing
problems of the city

plough back sth into sth (v) to reinvest the money you earn to into what
you're doing

Part of the company's earnings will

be ploughed back into new
machineries.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT I
111
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
imprudent (a)
not smart

It would be imprudent to fire

someone just because of some
oversights.

patronize (v)
to be a regular customer

The store is patronized by a who's who

of Hollywood.

boycott (v) to stop being a customer or to stop

participating

Corporate scandals could prompt

customers to boycott a product.

take steps (v) to start doing something with specific actions

The newly elected president is lauded

for taking concrete steps to address
the broken immigration system.

necessary, justifiable (verb - warrant)

wholly warranted (a) After eating there, I can confirm that

the hype surrounding the restaurant
is wholly warranted.

112 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 GENERAL VOCABULARY
by the same token (idm)
by the same argument

Because of customers' ever changing

tastes, companies are under constant
pressure to .h
oL something fresh and exciting. By
the same token, they need to discount
old season's stock to make space for
new season's offerings

be committed to (v)
to make a promise that you will do
whatever you can for a goal

Our company is committed to not only

providing the best value for money but
also taking care of our employees.

to change the current situation

change the status quo (v)
Every politician promises to change the
status quo, but few are able to actually
deliver their promises.

CHAPTER 02 - ENVIROMENT \
113
 GENERAL REVIEW
VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Find a better expression for the underlined parts among the words
listed above.

1. Renovating the building is a very difficult task.

2. The questionable test result requires further investigation.

3. Fresh thyme is absolutely necessary in this recipe.

4. We are starting to revamp the administrative system.

5. The faculty is arguing about the new curriculum.

6. The project is going to require all the manpower that we have.

7. The challenge for the new head is to deal with the PR crisis.

8. Luck plays a big role in personal success.

Exercise 2: Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blanks.

1. Clothes made from natural fibres are delicate so they should always be dry cleaned. By the
same ..........................., it pays to brush and carefully store them after each wear.
A. measure B. token C. means D. meaning

2. The company has decided to lay off staff to stay afloat through the virus outbreak, and
many departments could become .............................
A. dispensible B. indispensable C. dispensing D. dispenser

3. In these trying times, the support of regular......................................extremely important to

small businesses.
A. patronize B. patron C. patrons D. patronizers

4. It was a substandard performance, but I felt the judge's harsh remarks were

A. warranty B. warrant C. warranted D. unwarranted

5. Reversing the impact of climate change should be seen as a collective .................

A. endeavor B. collaboration C. cooperation D. discussion

114 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 01. People in many countries are spending less time with their
family. What are the reasons, and effects of this?
'I

I NGUY£N NHAN - ANH HU'O'NG @

NGUYEN NHAN ANH HU'ONG xAu
TO'I GIA eiNH VA xA
HQI

* Y chinh 1
Lich lam vi$c b n n)n * Y chinh 1
Anh hll'6'ng t&i gia dinh
* Giai thich
£>a s6 m9i ngll'oi deu b n r('>n v&i
* Giai thich
Gia tang khoang each gill'a cac thanh
cong vi$c, do v y kh6 sap xep thoi
vien trong gia dinh, tll' d6 de dan t&i
gian danh cha ngll'oi than
hieu nh§m va xung d('>t, th m chf Ii
hon
* Y chinh 2
Lc;1m d1,mg cong ngh$
* Y chinh 2
* Giai thich Anh hll'6'ng t&i xa h('>i
Cac thiet bi cong ngh$ ngay cang ph6
* Giai thich
bien, dieu nay khien nhieu ngll'oi bi
M6i quan h$ gia dinh xau di c6 the
nghi$n SU' d1,mg chung va tach minh
gay ra nhieu van de xa h('>i.
kh6i gia dinh.

•Vid1;1
* Vid1;1
Khi b6 m danh ft thoi gian cha con
Nhieu thanh thieu nien thfch nhan tin
cai, chung de bi tac d('>ng b6'i anh
v&i bc;1n be tren mc;1ng xa hQi han
hll'6'ng xau tll' bc;1n be va truyen thong.
la n6i chuy$n v&i b6 m .
£>ieu nay la tien de cha Sl,I' gia tang
bc;10 Ive va t('>i phc;1m.

116 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
quality family time (n)
thai gian ch§t ILI'qng ben gia dinh

Balancing work and quality

family time is challenging.

insufficient time for family (n)

* reduced family time (n): thai gian cho
kh6ng du thai gian cho gia dinh

gia dinh giam sut

When there is a lack of family
* lack of family time (n): thieu thai
time, many youths get involved in
gian cho gia dinh
risky and delinquent activities.
* absence of family time (n): SI,!' thieu
vang thai gian cho gia dinh
* increasingly less family together
time (n): thO'i gian gia dlnh ben nhau
ngay cang ft

deterioration of family relations (n) SI,!' xau di cua cac mi'>i quan h$ trong
gia dlnh

It is undeniable that the

deterioration of family relations
will have an adverse impact on the
children's emotional development.

SI,!' gan b6 trong gia dinh

family bond (n)
Although the family bonds
* family ties (n): SI,!' gan b6 were not very close, we have
trong gia dlnh always been very friendly and
spent quite a lot of time
together.

gan ket
bond (v)
The puppy and his master
bonded quickly.

CHAPTER03-FAMILY I 117
 V TOPI
VOCABULA
RY
C REVIE
Exercise: Choose the correct answer.
W
1. Which word is an alternative for 'insufficient'?
A. absent
B. inadequate
C. inaccurate
D. inaccessible

2. Which phrase means 'time that you spend with someone, giving them your full
attention because you value the relationship'?
A. best time B. standard time
C. quality time D. spending time

3. In societies with strong..........................., people tend to live longer.

A. family time
B. family bonds
C. family circle
D. family leave

4. What is the antonym of 'deterioration'?

A. degrade
B. exacerbation
C. enhancement
D.decadence

5. What is the synonym for the verb 'bond'?

A. bind
B. detach
C. disconnect
D. separate

118 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
It is true that quality family time is on the decline for many households the world over.
This tendency is attributable to a host of reasons, and in this essay, I am going to prove
that it is going to have dire consequences on both family and society.

There are two underlying reasons as to why people are not spending as much time with
their family as they used to in the past. First and foremost, hectic work schedules are
depriving people of time spent for family. In modern society, most people are occupied
with their jobs and struggle for time to properly bond with their spouse or children.
Another driving factor that results in insufficient time for family is technology overuse.
Given the proliferation of digital devices like the smartphone or tablet, significantly more
people, especially younger generations, are becoming overly addicted to these
technologies and isolated from their family as a result. Most teenagers, for example,
would rather spend their time texting their friends via social media than engage in
conversation with their parents.

I would contend that the growing trend towards reduced family time is going to have
serious repercussions not only on the family but also on society. Regarding the former, the
absence of family time is furthering the distance between family members. This may fuel
misunderstandings in the family and potential conflicts, even divorces in worst-case
scenarios. With respect to the latter, the deterioration of family relations could contribute to
numerous social problems. For example, when parents spend more time working and less
time with their children, they inadvertently leave their children more vulnerable to toxic
influences from bad friends or their media consumption, which is a precursor to
increased violence and crime.

In conclusion, packed work schedule and heavy use of technological gadgets are to blame
for the increasingly less family together time, and I am convinced that this phenomenon
has a number of negative implications for family and society.

326 words, written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER03-FAMILY I 119
 I TRANSLATION

C6 mot Sl,J' thc;1t la khoang thai gian ch§t IU'Q'ng ben gia dinh dang bi giam sut & nhieu ho gia
dinh tren toan the gi&i. Xu hU'&ng nay do r§t nhieu nguyen nhan t,;10 thanh va trong bai luc;1n
nay, toi se ch(J'ng minh rang n6 c6 nhQ,ng hc;1u qua nghiem tr9ng doi v&i ca gia dinh va xa hoi.

C6 hai ly do can ban cho vi$c t,;1i sao con ngU'O'i khong danh nhieu thai gian cho gia dlnh
nhU' tm&c day. Oau tien va quan tr9ng nh§t, ljch trinh lam vi$c bc;1n ron dang tU'&c di thO'i gian
mQi ngU'ai danh cho gia dinh. Trang xa hoi hi$n d,;1i, hau het m9i ngU'ai deu bc;1n ron v&i cong
vi$c va hQ phai v§t va m&i c6 dU'Q'C khoang thai gian gan ket hqp ly v&i "nua kia" ho c con cai.
Mot yeu to can nguyen khac dan den vi$c khong c6 du thai gian cho gia dinh la vi$c l,;1m dl,mg
cong ngh$. Do Sl,J' ph6 bien cua cac thiet bi kT thuc;1t so nhU' di$n tho,;1i thong minh ho c may
tinh bang, mot so IU'Q'ng ngU'ai nhieu hO'n dang kl§, d c bi$t la the h$ tre, dang qua "nghi$n" cac
cong ngh$ nay va ket qua la hQ bi co lc;1p kh6i gia dinh. Vf d1,1, hau het thanh thieu nien tha
danh thai gian nhan tin cho b,;1n be qua m,;1ng xa hoi hO'n la chuy$n tro v&i cha mE;J.

Toi cho rang xu hU'&ng ngay cang tang cua vi$c ft danh thai gian cho gia dinh se c6 nhQ,ng hc;1u
qua nghiem tr9ng khong chi doi v&i gia dinh ma con doi v&i xa hoi. Ve phU'O'ng di$n gia dinh, Sl,J'
thieu vang thai gian cho gia dinh dang lam gia tang khoang each giQ,a cac thanh vien. Oieu nay c6
th§ thuc d§y nhCmg hi§u lam trong gia dinh va nhQ,ng xung dot tiem €In, thc;1m chi la ly hon trong
tmang hqp t$ nh§t. Ooi v&i phU'O'ng di$n xa hoi, Sl,J' x§u di trong moi quan h$ gia dinh c6 th§
g6p phan gay ra nhiflu v§n de xa hoi. Vf d1,1, khi cha mE;J danh nhieu thai gian lam vi$c va ft thai
gian hO'n cho con cai, hQ vo tinh di§ con minh de bi anh hU'&ng b&i cac tac dong doc h<;1i tll'
nhQ,ng ngU'ai b,;1n x§u ho c thong tin tll' cac phU'O'ng ti$n truyen thong, ma d6 l,;1i la tifln than
cua vi$c gia tang b,;10 ll,J'c va toi ph,;1m.

T6m l,;1i, lich trinh lam vi$c day d c va vi$c SLI' d1,1ng qua nhieu thiet bi cong ngh$ la nguyen
do cho vi$c thai gian ben gia dinh ngay cang giam, va toi tin rang hi$n tU'qng nay c6 mot so tac
dong tieu Cl,J'C doi v&i gia dinh va xa hoi.

120 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
I GENERAL VOCABULARY
on the decline
decreasing

In countries using widescale vaccination,

the disease is already on the decline.

caused by
be attributable to sth/ someone
(v) It is believed that recent extreme climatic
events are attributable to global warming.

to take something, especially something necessary or

pleasant, away from someone
deprive sb of sth (v)
He claimed that he had been deprived of
his rights.

a rapid increase in numbers

proliferation (n) The past two years have seen the

proliferation of reality TV shows.

to take part in something Most

engage in (v) students engage in

extracurricular activities after
school and on weekends.

a bad effect; consequence

repercussion (n) The nation's political crisis is having

economic repercussions.

CHAPTER03-FAMILY I 121
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
fuel (v)
to increase a feeling/ type of behavior, or
make it stronger

Her ambition was fuelled by her older

sister's achievements.

worst-case scenario (n)

the worst situation that can be imagined

In the worst-case scenario, the whole

coast would be under water.

inadvertently (adv)
in a way that is not intentional

I) He inadvertently deleted the file.

vulnerable (a) able to be easily physically, emotionally, or

mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked

Tourists are more vulnerable to attack,

because they do not know which areas
of the city to avoid.

122 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL

1
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
media consumption (n)
the sum of information and entertainment
* media diet (n): the sum of
media taken in by an individual or group
information and entertainment
media taken in by an individual or The trend towards mobile media
group consumption is clear.

something that comes before another,

precursor (n) may lead to it or influence its
development

Biological research has often

been a precursor to medical
breakthroughs.

be the reason for something that happens

be to blame
The hot weather is partly to
blame for the water shortage.

the effect that an action or decision will

have on something else in the future
implication (n)
The soaring population does have
a social implication.

CHAPTER03-FAMILY I 123
 v
1 1_v_o_ci_i _E_::_ _R_E_V_I_E W
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer.

1. Any decrease in tourism could have far-reaching..............................for the local economy.

A. results B. outcome C. repercussions D. influences
2. The rapid promotion of the director's son has itself..........................resentment within the
company.
A. fuelled B. led C. trigger D. culminated
3. The escalating obesity rate in recent years is....................................to a poor diet.
A. because
B. attributable C. stem from D. ascribe
4. The two governments have agreed to................................a comprehensive dialogue to
resolve the problem.
A. create
B. culminate in C.engagein D. marry
5. Viruses can be spread........................................by email users.
A. intentionally B. deliberately C. purposely D. inadvertently

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. Don't worry. In a..................................................., you only have to pay a small fine.

Meaning: the worst situation

2. In light of the................................of online information channels, printed newspapers

have been waning.
Meaning: rapid increase in numbers

3. Misconceptions about history are..........................................................for students'

indifference to this subject.
Meaning: be the reason for

4. Greater enthusiasm about history among citizens would act as a...................................to

their willingness to come to museums.
Meaning: something that comes before another, may lead to it or influence its
development

5. To rekindle young people's interest in their country's historical figures, it is

important to weave history into the youth's .......................................
Meaning: the sum of information and entertainment media taken in by an individual or
group
124 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

CHAPTER03-FAMILY I 125
 02.
............

Nowadays, more and more people decide to have

children later in their life.
What are the reasons? Is this a positive or negative
trend?

I NGUYEN NHAN - ANH HIICl'NG @

LOI iCH NHIEU HON
NGUYEN NHAN
• M TTRAI

* Y chinh 1 * Y chinh 1
Tc;1p trung vao sl)' nghi$p Mi;\c du c6 nguy CO' tiem n ve SU'C
* Giai thich khoe cho mE? va be, nhLI'ng c6 th€! khac
E>ieu nay di;\c bi$t dung doi v&i m(>t phl_.lC dlJ'Q'C nha nhQ>ng tien bQ y h9c
so nganh nghe c6 tfnh di;\c thu, khien gfin day
vi$c c6 con khong kha thi.
* Y chinh 2
Ch.fit IU'Q'ng song tot hon cho con cai
* Vid1,1
Tiep vien hang khong phai di chuylm * Giai thich
thU'ang xuyen, do vc;1y khong th€! Bo mE? c6 nhieu thai gian all xay dl,l'ng
vua dap l'.rng cong vi$c vua cham s6c SI)' nghi$p va c6 tai chfnh vQ>ng chac.
em be.

* Y chinh 3
* Y chinh 2
B6 mE? Ian tuoi thlYang nuoi dc;1y con
tot hon.
Chi phf cham con ngay cang cao
* Giai thich
* Giai thich C6 nhieu kinh nghi$m song
E>ieu nay tc;10 ganh ni;\ng cho cac ci;\p
doi tre.
* Giai thich/so sanh
Cac ci;\p doi tre thlYang thieu
ki nang nuoi dc;1y con, dieu nay anh
hlY&ng x!iu den con tre.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 125

....""" -I TOPIC VOCABULARY
bear children later in life (v)
* late childbirth (n): vi$c sinh con mu(>n
sinh con mu(>n

* delay parenthood (v): tri hoan vi$c lam New research has shown that
cha m / lam cha m mu◊n couples who delay parenthood to
* delay of childbearing (n): later in life experience higher and
vi$c tri hoan sinh con/ vi$c more lasting levels of happiness
sinh con mu(>n following the birth of their children.
* postponed parenthood
(n): vi$c lam cha m bi tri hoan/
lam cha m mu(>n

vi$c nuoi d9y con

parenting (n)
* parenting skill (n): ki nang The program aims to teach young
nuoi dc:iy con couples parenting skills.

parental (a) (lien quan d n) cha m

* parental guidance (a): sv dinh

hU'&ng cua cha m
* parental influence (a): anh hU'&ng
cua cha m
vi$c cham s6c tre em
childcare (n)
Private childcare is still too
expensive for the average earner.

em be/ tre con (dU'&i 7 tu6i)

infant (n)
She isn't able to look after herself at
all - she's as helpless as an infant.

126 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 VOCABULARY
TOPI
REVIEW
C
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer.

1. Which word is an alternative for 'having children'?

A. childcare B. childbearing
C. childhood D. childlike

2. Which word is an alternative for 'delay'?

A. cancel B. call off

C. rearrange D. postpone

3. Which word means 'the raising of children and all the responsibilities as well as
activities that are involved in it'?

A. parental B. parenting C. parenthood D. parentage

4. Just barely newlyweds, they now have to confront the harsh realities of.................................?

A. parental
B. parentage C. parenthood D. parentment

5. Without the adequate............................................provision, many women who wish to

work are unable to do so.

A. childcare B. parenting C. children D. child rear

6. Which word is an alternative for 'infant'?

A. children B. toddler C. prodigy

D. adolescent

7. It is seen that social attitudes are changing, as more than half of men say. should be
shared equally.

A. childcare B. parenting C. childbirth D. parenthood

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 127

 'SAMPLE

In our modern society, there has been an ongoing trend towards bearing children later in life.
From my perspective, this development is given rise to by myriad factors, and I strongly
believe that enormous benefits brought by late childbirth outweigh its demerits.

There are two major compelling reasons as to why some endorse delaying their parenthood.
First and foremost, as people are investing more time in pursuing career path, having infants
can be a major distraction. This is especially true for some professions, whose peculiarities
make having children early not physically viable. For example, flight attendants are required to
travel so frequently that they can ill afford to both fulfil their work and rear their babies. Work
commitments aside, the ballooning childcare costs, which would put a burden on most younger
couples, also beget the delay of childbearing.

I opine that the advantageous effects of this issue infinitely overshadow its drawbacks.
Notwithstanding the latent risks of health problems, even death, suffered by both the mother
and babies due to late childbirth, they can be mitigated by recent leaps in
the medical field. In addition, as parents have more time for establishing their career and
financial stability, they can easily manage a better life quality for their children, including
high-quality education and better health care services. Another merit is that the older people
are, the more life experience they gain. Such hands-on experience may give them greater skills
in nurturing a well-rounded child, while bad parenting skills, which tend to be prevalent among
young couples, could have adverse bearing on the children.

In conclusion, the pursuit of career path and escalating childcare costs are two driving factors
behind postponed parenthood among modern citizens, and I believe that the unquestionable
benefits of this phenomenon are weightier than the downside.

293 words, written by Phuong Dang

128 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 I TRANSLATION

Trang xa h◊i hi$n d9i cua chung ta, sinh con mu9n da tr& thanh xu hU'ang dang len. Theo
quan diem cua toi, Sl,l' phat trien nay dU'Q'C t,;10 nen tll' VO so yeu to, va toi tin chac rang nh[i,ng
IQ'i fch to Ian do sinh con mu9n VU'Q't xa nh[i,ng nhU'Q'C diem cua n6.

C6 hai ly do thuyet phl,lc chfnh cho vi$c vi sao mot so ngl1'6'i tan thanh vi$c tri hoan lam cha
m(;l. Dau tien va quan tr9ng nhat la do m9i ngl1'6'i dang dau tU' nhii§u th6'i gian hon
trong vi$c theo duoi con dU'6'ng Sl,l' nghiep, vi$c c6 con nho c6 the la m9t Sl,J' phan tam Ian. Dii§u
nay dc;ic bi$t dung doi vai m9t so nganh nghi§ dc;ic thu khien viec c6 con sam la bat kha thi. Vf
dl,J, nhQ,ng tiep vien hang khong buoc phai di 19i thU'6'ng xuyen den mLPc hQ c6 the khong du
kha nang VLl'a dam dU'ong cong vi$c VLl'a cham s6c con cai.
Ke ca khi dc;it trach nhi$m vai cong vi$c sang m9t ben, chi phf cham s6c con phinh to, se gay
ganh nc;ing cho hau het cac cc;ip doi tre, cOng la nguyen nhan cua vi$c tri hoan sinh con.

Toi cho rang nhO,ng anh hU'&ng tfch Cl,l'C cua van di§ nay chac chan lam lu ma mc;it trai cua n6.
Du c6 nhO,ng rui ro tii§m an vi§ sLPc khoe, thi;lm chf tU' vong ma ca m(;l va em be phai chju do
sinh con muon, chung c6 the dU'Q'C giam nh(;l b&i nhO,ng bU'ac nhay v9t gan day trong ITnh
Vl,l'C y te. Them vao d6, khi cha m(;l c6 nhii§u th6'i gian hon de gay dl,l'ng Sl,l' nghi$p va on djnh
tai chfnh, hQ c6 the de dang quan ly chat IU'Q'ng CUQC s6ng t6t hon cho con cai, bao gom giao
dl,JC chat IU'Q'ng cao va cac djch Vl,J cham s6c SU'C khoe tot hon. Mot gia trj khac la ngl1'6'i
cang Ian tuoi cang c6 nhif)u kinh nghi$m song.
Kinh nghi$m thl,l'c tien nhU' VE).Y c6 the mang 19i cho hQ nhO,ng kT nang tot hon trong vi$c
nuoi dU'6'ng mot dLPa tre toan di$n, trong khi nhO,ng kT nang lam cha m(;l khong tot, van di§ c6
ve pho bien & cac cc;ip vq chong tre, c6 the gay anh hU'&ng xcfiu den con tre.

T6m lc;li, vi$c theo duoi con dU'O'ng SI/ nghi$p va chi phf cham s6c tre em leo thang la hai yeu
to thuc day vi$c tri hoan lam cha m(;l cua cac cong dan hi$n d9i va toi tin rang nhO,ng lqi fch
khong the nghi ng6' cua hi$n tLI'qng nay con nhif)u hon nhU'Q'C diem.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 129

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
ongoing (a)
a trend happening at the present moment or
continuing to develop

There are a number of ongoing

difficulties with the project.

give rise to (v)

to cause something

The new law gave rise to many complaints.

myriad (a)
very large in number, or having great variety

There are myriad ways in which global

warming can imperil the environment.

endorse (v)
to publicly support

The Prime Minister is unlikely to

endorse this view.

distraction (n)
something that prevents someone from giving
their attention to something else

TV can be a welcome distraction after a

hard day's work.

130 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
peculiarity (n)
something that is typical of one person,
group, or thing

The fish are dependent for survival on

the peculiarities of the environment
that they live in.

viable (a)
able to be done or likely to succeed

Rising oil prices have made alternative

energy sources more economically
viable.

can ill afford/ cannot afford (v)

should definitely not do something because
it will cause problems

We can't afford to make any mistakes at

this stage in the project.

rear (v)
to care for (young animals or children)

Some women make a deliberate

choice to rear a child alone.

balloon (v) to quickly increase in size, weight, or

importance

The rumours soon ballooned into a full-

blown scandal.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 131

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
beget (v)
to cause

Poverty begets hunger, and hunger

begets crime.

work commitment (n)

something that you must do or deal
with that takes your time

Family and work commitments now

leave many people with less time to
exercise.

put/ place a burden on (v)

to make someone accept or deal with
something difficult

Buying a house often places a large

financial burden on young couples.

to express an opinion
opine (v)
I opine that Vietnam is an amazing
country to do business in.

to cause someone or something to seem

overshadow (v)
less important or noticeable

Her interest in politics began to

overshadow her desire to be a
poet.

132 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 VOCABULARY
GENERA

latent (a)
REVIEW
L
present, but not yet active, developed, or
obvious

We're trying to bring out the latent artistic

talents that many people possess without
realising it.

having enough money/ income to live a life

that is satisfying

It is not the amount of money we earn

which determines our financial
stability, but the way we spend it.

hands-on experience (n) practical knowledge/ skill (get from doing

something)

Many employers consider

hands-on experience to be as useful as
academic qualifications.

have a bearing on sb/ sth on (v) to have an influence

There is no doubt that encouragement has a

considerable bearing on student
performance.

escalate (v) to make or become greater or more serious

Gas prices are expected to continue to

escalate in the short term.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 133

 AL
GENER
VOCABULA
REVIEW
RY
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. Many Vietnamese young drivers disregard traffic laws and commit serious offences such
as jumping the lights, contributing to the............................................................................... rate
of traffic-related injuries and casualties.
Meaning: rising

2. I'm not sure if I would have felt........................................................enough to start a family

otherwise.
Meaning: being completely debt-free, able to pay your monthly living expenses with extra
money left over

3. He's very much of the...........................................that we should outsource the project.

Meaning: a thought or belief

4. Education is more complex than it used to be. Preparing students for a global economy
requires........................................................................ in addition to traditional book
learning.
Meaning: practical knowledge/skill

5. Celebrity...............................................is a common marketing strategy that companies

employ.
Meaning: advertisement featuring celebrities

6. Marriage is no longer always seen as a lifetime ........................................

Meaning: something that you must do or deal with that takes your time

7. There has been an.................................................trend towards buying imported food in

lieu of locally produced food.
Meaning: a trend happening at present

Exercise 2: Find a better expression for the underlined parts among the words
listed above.

1. Advertisements have a palpable effect on consumers.

2. Health and cheerfulness mutually lead to each other.

3. Bring up children for help in old age; and store up grains against famine.
4. Solar power is a effective alternative to carbon-intensive energy.

134 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

5. This new book is expected to be better than all their earlier ones.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 135

 .0. 3.
Parents often give children everything they ask for and let
them do what they like.
Is it good for children? What are the consequences
when they grow up?

""I H_Au_._a_u_A_-_G_1A_P_ H1 _A ·P ,;a@

Anh hll'c,ng va h,u qua cua vi c dap Anh hll'c,ng va h' u qua cua vi c cho
(rng m9i nhu cAu cua tre nho tre mu6n lam gi thi lam

• Anh hu,6'ng t6'i con tre:

• Anh hu,6'ng t6'i con tre:
Tre bi phi) thu9c vao bf> m .
Tre bi anh hll'&ng xau va de hll' hon.

* Phat tri n y: * Vid1,1:

S1,1' phi) thu9c se khien tre khong c6
Tre choi game 6' cac quan Internet c6 th
d9ng ll,l'c cf> gang, anh hll'ang t&i
bat chll'O'C chlJ'i b y ho,;ic hut thu6c
nhieu m it trong CUQC sf>ng, vf di)
gi6ng cac anh chi 16'n hon trong quan.
nhll' ket qua hQc t p.

* H,u qua sau nay: * H,u qua sau nay:

Dfnh t&i t9i phc;1m
Thieu kha nang s6ng d9c l p va khong
tl,I' chu dll'Q'C CUQC s6ng

* Vid1,1:
* Giai thich:
Cac nghien CU'U da chi ra nhieu t9i
Tre dll'Q'C cho nhieu tien tieu v,;it c6 th
phc;1m bat ngu6n tll' nhO,ng hanh vi
se khong biet tiet ki$m, can df>i chi tieu
n6i loc;1n khi con nh6.
khi l&n len.

136 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

L... I.,;' -, TOPIC VOCABULARY
adulthood (n)
tu6i tm&ng thanh
* rebellious adolescence (n): thai thieu
nien n6i lo9n
* troubled adulthood (n): tu6i tm&ng
thanh nhieu roi lo9n

over-indulgence (n)
* accommodate children's every
Sl,I' qua nu6ng chieu

demand (v): dap (mg moi yeu cau

cua tre nh6
* fulfill all of their wishes (v): dap (mg
moi U'6'c muon
* grant every request (v): ch p nh n
moi yeu cau

child-rearing practice (n)

* parents' supervision (n): Sl,I' sat sao
th6i quen nu6i d9y con

cua ph1,1 huynh

* parents' negligence (n): SI! chflnh
mang cua ph1,1 huynh
* an unsupervised childhood (n): mc)t
tu6i tha kh6ng c6 Sl,I' quan thuc

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 137

ll TOPIC VOCABULARY
personal development (n)
* work towards one's own goals (v):
phat trien ban than

ti,!' ph§n d§u vi m1,1c tieu cua ban than

* inability to be fully independent (n):
vii;lc kh6ng the ti,!' l p hoan toan

personal freedom (n)

ti,!' do ca nhan

disobedience and recklessness (n)

SI! chf>ng df>i va lieu ITnh

overly reliant (a) qua ph1,1 thu('>c

pester (v) voi vTnh

138 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

V TOPIC
VOCABULARY
REVIEW
Exercise 1: Write the correct term for each of the development stages below.

- when a person is born: ................................................................................

- when a person goes to elementary school: ......................................................

when a person goes to secondary school: .......................................................

- when a person turns 18: ...............................................................................

Exercise 2: Categorize the following traits into (1) those that should be
encouraged in children and (2) those that should be discouraged.

courage cowardice patienceresponsibilitydeceit

defiance integrity over-reliancecompassionaggression

self-pity rebellion kindness disrespect service

independencecreativity mischief entitlementgratitude

(1) Desirable traits (2) Undesirable traits

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 139

 Today, there is a growing trend among parents towards trying to accommodate their children's
every demand and giving them more personal freedom. In this essay, I am going to demonstrate
how this child-rearing practice is etnmental to children before arguing that it may have long-
term repercussions that continue into their adulthood.

Parents may inadvertently teach their children to be overly reliant on others by fulfilling all
of their wishes. Children who are granted every request typically develop a habit of pestering
and relying on their parents for everything. This dependence may deprive them of the
motivation to work towards their own goals in life, which could take a heavy toll on their
school performance, for example. As these children become adults, the inability to be fully
independent may cause them to struggle in many facets of life. For instance, people who are
given generous allowances when they are young are unlikely to be able to budget and manage
their personal finances in later life. This is an example of the adverse impacts that parents'
over-indulgence may have on children.

In addition to overindulging children, giving them too much personal freedom may also have
harmful effects. People's personalities are shaped at an early age, and without parents' close
supervision, children may be vulnerable to negative influences and adopt harmful habits. For
example, many children in Vietnam use profanities from a very young age because their
parents allow them to play video games at internet cafes where cursing is the norm. This type
of behavior, which often incites disobedience and recklessness, may be the precursor to a
rebellious adolescence and a troubled adulthood. In fact, it has been shown that many
criminals began rebelling and committing illegal acts at an early stage of their lives as a result
of their parents' negligence. This is a testament to how an unsupervised childhood may
cause children to suffer serious consequences as they become adults.

In conclusion, overindulging children may do serious harm to their personal development,

and thus I believe that this practice should be rejected to ensure that they enjoy a healthy
lifestyle as adults.

352 words, written by Tung Dang

140 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 I TRANSLATION

Ngay nay, m<')t xu hU'&ng dang phat trien & cac b$c cha ml;) la c6 gang dap (mg m9i nhu
cau cua con cai va cho chung nhieu tl,J' do ca nhan han. Trong bai lu$n nay, t6i se chi ra ding
th6i quen nu6i d9y con nay la c6 h9i cho tre tm&c khi bi$n lu$n rang
n6 c6 the c6 nhO,ng h$u qua xau lau dai va se tiep tl,ic cho den d<') tuoi tm&ng thanh
cua chung.

Cha ml;) c6 the v6 tlnh d9y con cai qua ph1,1 thu<')c vao ngU'<Yi khac bang each dap (mg tat ca
cac nguy$n v9ng cua chung. Tre em dU'Q'C chap thu$n m9i yeu cau thU'ang phat trien th6i
quen voi vTnh va dl,J'a dam vao cha ml;) ve m9i thll'. Sl,J' ph1,1 thu<')c nay c6 the lam mat di
d<')ng I1,J'c lam vi$c cua cac em de hU'&ng t&i m1,1c tieu chinh trong dai,
chang h9n nhU' vi$c nay c6 the gay h$u qua ni;ing ne cho ket qua h9c t$p cua tre. Khi nhO,ng dU'a
tre nay tr& thanh ngLI'<Yi l&n, vi$c kh6ng the tl,J' I$p hoan toan c6 the khien chung phai v$t l<')n
v&i nhieu mi;it cua CUQC s6ng. Vi dl,J, nhO,ng ngU'O'i dU'Q'C trQ' cap
hao ph6ng khi con tre dU'ang nhU' kh6ng c6 kha nang I$p ngan sach va quan ly tai chinh ca
nhan trong cu<')c s6ng sau nay. 0ay la m<')t vi d1,1 ve cac tac d<')ng bat IQ'i ma Sl,J' nu6ng chieu
qua mll'C cua cha ml;) c6 the gay ra cho tre em.

Ben c9nh vi$c qua nu6ng chieu tre, cho chung qua nhieu tl,J' do ca nhan cung c6 the c6
nhO,ng tac h9i nguy hiem. Vi d1,1, tu khi con nh6 va kh6ng c6 sl,J' giam sat chi;it che cua cha
mf;l, tre c6 the de bi anh hU'&ng tieu Cl,J'C va lay nhiem cac th6i quen xau.
Chang h9n, nhieu tre em & Vi$t Nam dung nhO,ng lai t1,1c tTu tu khi con rat nh6 vi dU'Q'C cha
ml;) cho phep chai tro chai di$n tll' t9i cac quan ca phe Internet ma & d6 chll'i b&i la chuy$n
thU'ang. Kieu hanh vi thU'ang co vu Sl,J' ch6ng d6i va lieu ITnh nay c6 the la tien de cho
thai kl thanh thieu nien noi lo9n va thai kl tm&ng thanh day kh6 khan. Tren thl,J'C te,
ngLI'<Yi ta da chll'ng minh rang nhieu t<')i ph9m bat dau noi lo9n va thl,J'c

hi$n cac hanh vi bat hQ'p phap & giai do9n dau cua cu<')c dai do Sl,J' chenh mang cua
cha ml;). 0ay la m<')t minh chll'ng cho vi$c tuoi tha kh6ng dU'Q'C giam sat c6 the khien tre em
phai chiu h$u qua nghiem tr9ng khi chung tr& thanh ngU'ai l&n nhU' the nao.

T6m l9i, qua nu6ng chieu tre c6 the gay ton h9i nghiem tr9ng den Sl,J' phat trien ca nhan
cua cac em, do d6 t6i tin tU'&ng th6i quen nay nen dU'Q'C SU'a b6 de dam bao rang cac em c6
m<')t m<')t I6i s6ng lanh m9nh khi tm&ng thanh.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 141

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
very harmful

The wildfires will assuredly have a

detrimental effect on air quality and
ecological balance.

repercussion (n) consequence

The rapidly increasing influx of tourists,

while good for the economy, may have far-
reaching repercussions for the
environment.

continue into (phr.v) to keep happening at a later stage

Violent behaviors in adolescence,

gone unchec ed, will likely continue into
later stages in life.

inadvertently (adv) by accident

It is very common for TV shows to

inadvertently offend certain
demographics in an age when too
much emphasis is put on political
correctness.

deprive (v) to take away something

Deforestation deprives many species of

their natural habitat and food source which
could b ng about heir demi

aspect
facet (n)
Climate change is a multi-faceted issue
that warrants a combination of
measures rather than any single
solution.

142 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
adopt sth (v)
to begin using something or doing
something

It is high time that the government

adopted the international financial
reporting standards to make doing
business with foreign firms easier.

profanity (n)
curse words

Children are often severely reprimanded

for blurting profanities, but we should
keep in mind that they likely are not aware
that these words are offensive.

something normal
norm (n)
Taking off your shoes before entering
someone's home is the norm in Asian
countries, so it is mind-boggling to me
how Americans feel okay with wearing
dirty trainers on their carpets.

to encourage bad behaviors

incite (v)
The heightening tension between the two
countries have incited offensive posts on
social media.

proof of
testament (n)
The instant sellout of the new Kanye
West x Adidas collaboration is a
testament to the Kanye's position as
one of the most influential cultural icons
of the 21st century.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 143

 VOCABULARY
GENERA
REVIEW
L
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the general
vocabulary list.

1. The fall in housing prices will have grave....................................................for other markets.

2. The news about the CEO's involvement in shady financial dealings and market

manipulation could be............................................... to company's share price.

3. Sometimes, friendliness can be.......................................................misconstrued as romantic

interest, so you have to be careful not to send him the wrong signals.

4. The book did a brilliant job of capturing the ugly.

.......of fame and
fortune.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable word out of the options
given.

1. I pride myself on being an early .

..........of Facebook.
A. embracer B. adopter
C. acceptor D. inheritor

2. It is advisable that you research the social.............................................of the country you're

intending to visit so as not to inadvertently offend the locals.

A. rules B. commandments C. norms D. laws

3. Reluctance to act on environmental problems now will for

... catastrophes
posterity.
A. breed B. incite C. encourage D. stimulate

4. Today, we can still hear Trinh Cong Son's classics everywhere, from dingy pubs to grand
concert halls, which is a testament....................................................their timelessness.

A. of B. for C. to D.with

144 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 ·-
ro4. Inrecent years, the family structure has changed, as
well as family roles. What are the changes that have occurred?
Do you think these changes are positive or negative?

I'- 1_0_0°1c_o_T_H_A_v_a_o_1_T_ic_H_c_'="_c_.......;i@)

cAu TRUC GIA E>iNH TRACH NHleM VO'I

GIA E>iNH
* Thay df>i
Tu gia dlnh nhieu the h$ thanh gia * Thay df>i
dlnh h9t nhan. Ph1,1 no, dong g6p cho tai chfnh gia
dlnh nhieu han.

* T i sao day la thay df>i tich Cl!C?

Nha ft ngU'ai ft xung d(>t, phien ha han. * Giai thich
Ngay XU'a ch6ng kiem tien la chfnh,
bay gia ca hai vq ch6ng
cung kiem tien, trong nhieu trU'ang hqp
ch6ng con a nha cham s6c con cai d€l
vq di lam kiem tien.

* Vidl.J
Khi trong m(>t nha c6 nhieu ngU'ai, * T i sao day la thay df>i tich Cl!C?
m(>t vi$c con con nhU' dung chung nha Y 1: Blnh dtlng gi6'i
v$ sinh thoi c0ng se gay nhieu Ll'C che. Y 2: Oan ong biet tran tr9ng vai tro
cua ngU'ai mE;i va ngll'ai vq han.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 145

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
family unit (n) dan vj hlnh thai gia dlnh
* nuclear family (n): gia dlnh h<;tt nhan
* extended family (n): d<;ti gia dlnh
* multigenerational family (n): gia dlnh
nhi u the h$
* live together under one roof (v): song
chung dU'&i mot mai nha

task delegation (n) Sl,J' phan cong trach nhi$m

* provider (n): ngll'ai chu cap cha gia dlnh
* breadwinner (n): tn,1 cot gia dlnh
* growing financial contribution of
women: Sl,J' dong g6p ve tai chfnh
ngay cang tang cua ph1,1 nQ>
* female participation in the workforce:
ti I$ ph1,1 nQ> di lam
* childrearing (n): nuoi con
* maternal leave (n): nghi sinh
(cho bo: paternal leave)
* stay-at-home father (n): 6ng bo nc)i trq
* responsibilities traditionally reserved
for women: nhQ>ng trach nhiE;'!m truyen thong
danh rieng cho ph1,1 nQ>

146 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 TOPI
VOCABULAR
C REVIE
"
Y
W
E x e r c i s e 1: Find the correct terms for these types of families among the words given.
nuclear single­ extendedchildless stepgrandparent
family parent familyfamily familyfamily
family

1. when the dad abandons his family and the mom is the only person taking care of the
child: ..............................................................................................

2. when your parents, siblings, cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents all live in the
same place: .......................................................................................

3. when the parents are so busy that the grandparents decide to help raise the children:
.................................................................................................

4. when a married couple lives with their children:..............................................

5. when a couple doesn't have children either by choice or because of fertility issues:
...................................................................................................

6. when two people get married, and one or both of them have their own children:

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the topic
vocabulary list.

1. It is unfair to let women shoulder all the...........................................work when they

already have to endure excruciating pain in childbirth.

2. While many men might take it as a blow to their ego, I personally think there is
nothing wrong with being a..............................................dad. If anything, it is
admirable that you would forego your own career to support your partner's.

3. In many families, the husband is the..............................................but the wife manages

all the family finances.

4. The partners in a marriage have to be equally yoked. To this end, .....................

.......................is key.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 147

 Lately, family units have changed rasticall both in terms of organization and task delegation.
Most nDtable among these shifts are the tendency toward nuclear families and the rise of women
as providers. In my opinion, these developments are positive.

While it used to be common for members of an extended family to live together under one
roof, nowadays most households consist of a married couple and their children. This is a
elcom change, as too many individuals with different lifestyles living in the same space
may create inconveniences and conflicts. For instance, it is easy to imagine how having to
share the bathroom with not only one's siblings but also their
cousins or uncles could be extremely frustrating. The small size of a nuclear family, by
comparison, ensures that each person can use the facilities in the house comfortably.

In terms of family roles, the most ioteworth change over the past decade is the growing
financial contribution of women. 20 years ago, men were still the breadwinner in most
households and women were asked wit childrearing, cooking and chores.
Nowadays, typically both spouses work, and in many cases, the husband decides to tep bac
and become a stay-at-home father while his partner Joins the wc,rkfor
and becomes the sole income earner. This is also a change worth celebrating, as it pushes fo
greater gender equality not only in education but also in the workplace. At the same time, as
more men take over the responsibilities traditionally reserved for women, they may come to
have greater appreciation for the roles that wives and mothers play.

In conclusion, the move away from multigenerational families and the growing importance of
women are two key trends in the family, and I believe these trends are aavantggeous.

291 words, written by Tung Dang

148 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 I TRANSLATION

Gan day, don vi hinh thai gia dinh da thay doi m mh me ca ve to chll'c va nhi$m VI). Dang

chu y nhat trong s6 nay la xu hU'ang mo hinh gia dinh hi;it nhan va sl,.I' gia tang s6 IU'Q"ng phi)
nO, la nglJ'ai chu cap cho gia dlnh. Theo toi, nhO,ng phat trifln nay la tfch Cl,.l'C.

M(lc du tmac day, cac thanh vien cua m('>t di;ii gia dinh thlJ'ang s6ng chung dlJ'6"i m('>t mai nha,
nhU'ng ngay nay hau het cac h('> gia dinh deu bao gom m('>t c(lp VQ' chong va con cai. Day la
m('>t thay doi dang hoan nghenh, vi qua nhieu ca nhan co 16i s6ng khac nhau s6ng trong cung m('>t
khong gian co thfl ti;io ra nhieu bat ti$n va xung d('>t. Chang hi;in, th t de tlJ'&ng tlJ'Q"ng vi$C
phai chia se phong t m v6'i khong chi m('>t anh chi em ma con ca anh em hQ ho(lc chu bac co thfl
Cl,.l'C ky bl,.l'C b('>i. So VO'i do, quy mo nh6 cua gia dinh hi;it nhan dam bao rang moi nglJ'ai co
thfl su d1,1ng cac ti$n nghi trong nha m('>t each thoai mai.

Ve vai tro gia dinh, thay doi dang chu y nhat trong th p nien Vll'a qua la Sl,.I' dong gop tai
chfnh ngay cang tang cua phi) nO,. 20 nam trlJ'O'C, dan ong van la tr1,1 c('>t trong hau het cac h('>
gia dinh va phi) nO, dlJ'Q'C giao nhi$m VI) nuoi con, nau an va lam Vi$C v(lt. Ngay nay , difln hinh
la ca hai VQ' chong deu lam Vi$C, va trong nhieu tmang hqp, nglJ'O'i chong quyet dinh lui li;ii va
tr& thanh m('>t ong b6 n('>i trQ' trong khi nglJ'ai bi;in dai cua anh
ta gia nh p ll,.l'c IU'Q'ng lao d('>ng va tr& thanh nglJ'ai co thu nh p duy nhat (trong nha). Day
cling la m('>t thay doi dang dlJ'Q'C ton vinh, vi no thuc d§y binh dang gi6'i mi;inh me hon kh6ng chi

trong giao d1,1c ma con 6' noi lam Vi$C. Dong thai, khi nhieu nglJ'ai dan 6ng dam nh n cac trach
nhi$m truyen th6ng danh rieng cho phi) nO,, hQ co thfl biet tran trong hon vai tro cua nglJ'ai VQ' va
nglJ'ai mE;J.

Tom li;ii, Vi$C dich chuyfln hinh thai kh6i cac gia dinh nhieu the h$ cung vai tro quan tr9ng
ngay cang tang cua phi) nO, la hai xu hlJ'6'ng chfnh trong gia dinh va toi tin rang nhO,ng xu
hU'ang nay la co IQ'i.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 149

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
drastically (adv)
considerably

Property prices have fallen drastically and

the burst of the real estate bubble looms large.

important and worth paying attention to

notable (a)
Among all the recent pop sensations,
Shawn Mendes is particularly notable
for his songwriting skill and
musicianship.

fortunate
welcome (a)
Moving from the hustle and bustle of New
York to the more laid-back life of
L.A. is a welcome change of pace.

important and worth paying attention to It is

noteworthy (a)
noteworthy that tax compliance
increases significantly when people can earmark
where tax money goes to.

to give somebody a responsibility The

task (v)
new R&D is tasked with
spearheading the company's venture into
autonomous vehicles.

150 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
step back (phr.v)
to stop being involved

Sometimes, managers need to step back

and give their subordinates some
freedom in how they want to do their job.
The evidence is good that
micromanagement is a bane to
productivity and morale.

workforce (n) all the people working for a company or in a

country

As people feel reluctant to get married

and couples delay child-bearing-and
rearing, the workforce likely will in the
future, which could prompt the
government to relax immigration laws.

push for sth (phr.v)

to demand something/ ask for something

The female national football team is

pushing for higher pay and accusing the
federation of gender discrimination.

advantageous (a)
beneficial

Under the president's tenure, immigration

policies are quite advantageous to
migrant skilled workers.

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 151

 Exercise 1: Match the words in column A with their antonyms in column B.

A B
drastic ill-timed

notable piecemeal

step back unfavorable

advantageous immaterial

welcome assume responsibility

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks using the vocabulary in Exercise 1.

1. Sometimes, old guards need to........................................and give the young guns a chance
to prove themselves.

2. Her fame as a pop singer is..................................................her fashion side business.

3. The presentation was frowned upon because the points he mentioned were
................................Next time, he should just cut to the chase.

4. Transformation cannot happen right away. In transitional periods like this, it is

important that you introduce
.................................... changes and
gauge people's reaction.
5. His ...
........................................comment was met with a stern rebuke from his
parents.

152 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

CHAPTER 03- FAMILY I 153
 01. It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local
'I history than world history. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

j cA_N -e_A_N_G_<_so_,s_o_> (

VI: 1 VI: 2
Toi dong y Toi khong dong y
[H9c sinh nen h9c ljch su, [H9c sinh nen h9c song song ca
nu,6'c nha.) ljch su, nu,6'c nha va ljch su, the
gi6'i.]

* Y chinh 1 * Y chinh
Y thll'c ve nguon c(>i se khO'i gQ'i long H9c lich SU' the gi&i giup h9c sinh
yeu nl.J'O'C. c6 cai nhln toan di$n ve nhCrng SI!
* Giai thich ki$n xay ra & nU'&c mlnh.
Khuy€m khfch tran tr9ng cac di san dan
toe, do d6 san sang bao v$ va c6ng hien
* Giai thich/ So sanh
cho dflt nU'O'C
Chi h9c ljch SU' trong nU'&c se de tc;10
ra thien kien va suy nghT sai ve ngLI'ai
* Y chinh 2 dan cac nU'O'C khac.
NgU'Q'C lc;1i, nhCrng ngLI'ai thieu
kien thll'C ve ljch SU' dflt nU'O'C c6
thfl se khong ton tr9ng truyen th6ng * Vidl:I
cua mlnh. Vi$c dc;1y ljch SU' & Vi$t Nam

* Vid1:1 thU'ang chi t p trung vao vi$c Vi$t

Vi$c dc;1y h9c ljch SU' & nhieu Nam da danh bc;1i gi c ngoc;1i xam
tmang Vi$t Nam chU'a du, nen h9c nhU' the nao, de khien h9c sinh nghi
sinh c6 hieu biet hai hQ't ve thanh sai rang ngLI'ai dan cac nU'O'C nay la
t11u va SI! hi sinh cua ong cha. xflu.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 153

I
...... -, TOPIC VOCABULARY
learn about local history (v)
h9c ljch SU' dja phU'ang
* learn history of their own country: h9c
ljch SLI' cua d§t nl1'6'c mlnh By visiting local museums or

* learning exclusively about national

historical sites, young people can
history: chi h9c moi l!ch SLI' qu6c gia learn more about historic events

* learn more about historic events that

that took place in their
community.
took place in sb's community: tlm hiliu
them v cac SV' ki(ln ljch SLI' tll'ng dien ra
trong cong d6ng cua mlnh

learn world history (v)

h9c ljch SU' the gi&i
* learn history of other societies in the This series of books includes
world: h9c ljch SLI' cua cac xa hi_)i khac
opportunities for readers to learn
tren the gi&i
world history, geography, and
* acquire insights into events that took
many different cultural customs.
place in other parts of the world: c6
nhO,ng hi€lu biet sau s c v cac SV' ki(ln
da dien ra a nhO,ng nai khac tren the gi&i

0
,ti
4 a

history education (n)

giao dl,lC ljch SU'

History education in many high

schools in Vietnam is inadequate.

154 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
be aware of sb's roots
nh$n thll'c ve ngu6n c9i/ goc re cua aid6

"I am not only aware of my roots, I

am very proud of them." A
Vietnamese overseas student said.

long yeu nLl'O'C

a sense of patriotism (n) I think patriotism is like charity

- it begins at home.

Sl,J' tran tr9ng cac di san quoc gia

an appreciation for their national
heritages (n) Students are encouraged to
* respect their own traditions (v): ton explore national heritages in a
tr9ng truyen thong cua chfnh hQ more active and personal
way. This will help them better
understand and appreciate those
heritages, and respect their own
traditions.

cac van de hien nay cua dat nl1'6'c

national current affairs (n) The expansion of e-commerce is still

among the most noticeab national
current affairs.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 155

-
- V TOPI
VOCABULAR
Y
C REVIE
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks using the words listed above.

History subject in Vietnam

W
At high schools in Vietnam, the subject of history not only provides students with the

knowledge of national history and i........................................................(clear understanding)

into history the world but also makes great contribution to fostering confidence,
national pride, p..........................................................................(the feeling of loving and taking pride in
your country) and personality of Vietnamese people for students.

However, h..................... e.................................... (teaching and learning history) is being

largely ignored by a large number of students because the contents of the history
curricula and textbooks are overloaded and lack reality. As a result of their lack of
interest in history subject, many young students are now surprisingly ignorant about
national c........................ a......................

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.

1. The theatre became an important means of arousing...........................................fervour in

Western countries, a function that was to continue well into the 19th century.
A. patriotism
B. patriotic C. national D. historic

2. What is an alternative for the word in bold: 'The project aimed at raising
awareness among young people through information about ways of
maintaining national identity'.
A. conception B. concept C. perception D. consciousness

3. What is an alternative for the word in bold: 'The Muong share ethnic roots with the
Vietnamese people and their language is classified in the Vietnamese - Muong
language branch.'?
A. country B. sources C. origins D. derivation

156 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 'SAMPLE

Whether young students should learn history of their own country or that of other
societies in the world has always been a topic of debate. While it is believed that teaching
the former is of more importance to schoolchildren, I disagree with this perspective.
Some people are pro children learning local history, and justifiably so. The key rationale
in favor of this view is that being aware of their roots can instill a sense of
patriotism in each child. This may foster an appreciation for their national heritages,

which means they are more willing to defend and contribute to their country. By contrast, those
who lack knowledge about national history may not respect their own traditions. Vietnam
perfectly exemplifies this situation. As history education in most schools is sadly lacking, many
children have grown up with superficial understanding about their ancestors' past achievements
and sacrifice, hence their indifference to national current affairs. This is a testament to the
necessity of teaching schoolchildren local history.

However, I am convinced that it is far more beneficial for young children to learn local
history in parallel with world history. This is because acquiring insights into events that took
place in other parts of the world can also give children a more holistic perspective of what
happened in their localities. On the other hand, learning exclusively about national history
could cause an individual to be biased and harbor hostile feelings about foreign people. For
example, in Vietnam, history education mostly features how Vietnam fought against foreign
armies such as America or France, misleading many students into thinking that people from
these countries are bad. This outlook may be more impartial if they thoroughly understand
those wars in world context.

In conclusion, while there are some justifications for considering local history more important
than world history, I would contend that schoolchildren will derive the most benefit from
learning both.

314 words, written by Phuong Dang

I CHAPTER 04- HISTORY I 157

J _..,-;
 I TRANSLATION

HQC sinh nen hQc ljch SU' cua dat nll'O'C minh hay cua cac xa hQi khac tren the gi&i lu6n la m(>t
chu de tranh lu$n. M c du ngll'O'i ta tin rang vi$c d,;1y ljch SU' trong nll'&c quan trQng han v&i
hQc sinh nhll'ng t6i I9i khong dong y v&i quan diflm nay.

M(>t so ngll'O'i rat ung h(> vi$c tre em hQc ljch SU' nU'&c nha, va dieu nay la chfnh dang. Ly do
then chat ung h(> quan diem nay la vi vi$c nh$n thl!'c dll'Q'C goc re cua minh co thfl khai d$y
tinh than yeu nll'&c a moi dl!'a tre. Oieu nay co thfl khfch 1$ SI)' tran tr9ng cac di san quoc
gia a tre em, c0ng co nghia la cac em se cam thay san long bao v$ va dong gop cho dat
nll'&c minh han. Ngll'Q'C l,;1i, nhO,ng ngll'6'i thieu kien thll'c ve ljch SU' quoc gia co thfl khong
ton trQng truyen thong cua chfnh hQ. Vi$t Nam hoan toan co the la vi d1,1 cho tlnh hinh nay. Vi
giao d1,1c ljch SU'a hau het cac tm6'ng con sa sai m(>t each dang buon nen nhieu tre em da l&n
len v&i SI! hiflu biet h6'i hqt ve nhO,ng thanh tl)'u va SI)' hi sinh tm&c day cua t6 tien, do do th6'
O' v&i nhO,ng van de hi$n t,;1i cua dat nll'&c. Day la m(>t minh chll'ng cho SI)' can thiet cua vi$c
giang d9y cho hQC sinh ve ljch
SU' nll'O'C nha.

Tuy nhien, t6i tin rang vi$c tre hQC ljch SU' nll'O'C nha song song v&i ljch SU' the gi&i se co IQ'i
han rat nhieu. Oieu nay la b&i vi$c co nhO,ng hiflu biet sau s.fic ve cac SI! ki$n dien raa
nhung nai khac tren the gi&i c0ng co thfl mang den cho tre em cai nhin toan di$n han ve
nhO,ng gi da xay ra a dja phll'ang cua cac em. M t khac, vi$c chi hQc moi ljch SU' quoc gia co
thfl khien ca nhan tr& nen thien kien va chU'a chap SI! thu djch v&i ngll'O'i nll'O'C ngoai. Vf d1,1, a
Vi$t Nam, giao d1,1c ljch SU' chu yeu de cao vi$c Vi$t Nam da chien dau chong gi c ngo9i xam
nhll' quan My hay Phap nhll' the nao, khien nhieu hQc sinh lam tll'ang rang mQi ngll'6'i tLI'
cac quoc gia nay rat xau xa. Cach nhin nh$n nay co the se cong bang han neu cac em hiflu
thau dao nhO,ng cu(>c chien do trong boi canh the gi&i.

Tom I9i, du co m(>t so bi$n minh cho vi$c coi ljch SU' nU'&c nha quan tr9ng han ljch SU'
the gi&i, t6i cho rang hQc sinh se thu dll'Q'C nhieu IQ'i fch nhat tLI' vi$c hQc ca hai.

158 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
pro (a)
supporting or agreeing with something

She's really pro gay rights.

instill (v) to put a feeling, idea, or principle gradually

into someone's mind, so that it has a strong
influence on the way the person lives

A good teacher should have the ability to

instill the desire to learn in the students.

to encourage the development or growth of

ideas or feelings
foster (v)
I'm trying to foster an interest in
classical music in my children.

do not have enough of something you need

sadly lacking (a) Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking

these past months at work.

not complete and involving only the most

obvious things

superficial (a)
I thought that article was written at a
very superficial level.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 159

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
indifference (n)
lack of interest in someone or something

Many native speakers of a language

show indifference to/towards
grammatical points.

in parallel (idm) happen at the same time as something else, or

be similar or equal to something else

The two experiments are run in parallel.

having or providing experience and

knowledge in a number of different
well-rounded (a)
areas

Some experts say that home schooled

children may not receive a well-
rounded education.

complete and including everything that is

necessary
comprehensive (a)
He has written a fully
comprehensive guide to Rome.

dealing with or treating the whole of

something or someone and not just a part
holistic (a)
My doctor takes a holistic approach to
disease.

160 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
locality (n)
a particular area

Many people are opting to live in the city

rather than in rural localities.

biased (a)
showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a
person based on personal opinions

Liverpool only lost the game because the

referee was biased.

habor (v)
to think about or feel something, usually over
a long period

There are those who harbor

suspicions about his motives.

hostile (a)
* habor hostile feelings about: think
unfriendly and not liking something He

about something/ someone in an is famous for conducting hostile

unfriendly way interviews with politicians.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 161

 I GENERAL VOCABULARY
mislead sb into doing sth
to cause someone to believe something that
is not true

The advertising campaign intentionally

misled consumers about whether the
product was natural.

outlook (n)
the likely future situation

The political outlook is still uncertain.

impartial (a)
not supporting any of the sides involved in
an argument

A trial must be fair and impartial.

derive (v)
to get something from something else

She derives great satisfaction from

playing the violin.

162 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

Exercise: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. Televising criminal trials helps the defendant to get a fair and ..............................
hearing.
Meaning: not supporting either side

2. Schools should try to ......... ... altruistic behaviors in students by allowing

them to take part in charity like food drives or soup kitchens.
Meaning: put a feeling into sb's mind

3. A childhood spent with my grandfather, who is an avid (passionate) reader, helped

............................an appreciation for books in me.
Meaning: encourage the development of feelings

4. False and..............................information is spreading across social media.

Meaning: causing someone to believe something that is not true

5. Vegetarians typically consume a range of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, grains, and
pulses, as well as "meat substitutes" that..............................................from these food types.
Meaning: get something from something else

6. It is of great concern that technology may surpass human interaction, leading to a

.............................detached society.
Meaning: in a way that is not deep or complete

7. The schools have to attend...................................to the needs of millions of students.

Meaning: in a way that deals with or treats the whole of something or someone and not
just a part

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 163

 Vl: 1 Vl: 2
Toi khong d6ng y [H9c Toi khong dong y
sinh chi nen h9c ljch SU' [Ma r9ng them v IQ'i ich cua vi
nU'O'C nha.]
c hQC ljch SU' th gi6'i.]

* Y chinh
* Y chinh
Chi c§n h<;>c lich sll' nll'&c nha la da
H9c ljch SU' thfl gi&i giup h9c sinh
du di§ tc;10 nfm tang cho SV' phat trit§n
c6 cai nhln khach quan ve nhCrng
tll'ang lai cua d.fit nU'&c.
Sl,I' ki$n xay ra a chfnh nll'O'C mlnh.

* Phan bi n:
Y kifln nay chi hqp ly trong qua khll', * Giai thich/So sanh
Chi h9c moi ljch SU' nll'&c nha c6 th!
khi SV' giao tiflp chi gi&i hc;1n trong
§ gay ra cai nhln thien kifln va tieu Cl,l'C
nhCrng ngll'ai cung dan t(>c.
ve ngll'CYi dan nll'O'C khac.

* Giai thich
Trong b6i canh toan c§u h6a, chi * Vid1,1
CJ Vi$t Nam, h9c sinh chu yflu chi
khi hit§u biflt ve lich SU' nll'&c khac
h9c ve vi$c Vi$t Nam da danh b9i
m&i giup h9c sinh biflt each ton
gi c ngoc;1i xam nhll' thfl nao, dieu
tr9ng SV' khac bi$t van h6a. flieu
nay khifln nhieu tre em hlnh thanh suy
nay tc;10 tien de cho SV' hit§u biflt
nghT sai I$ch rang ngll'ai dan cac
chung va hqp tac giCra cac qu6c
nll'O'C nay la x.fiu.
gia.

164 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
study history of their own country (v)
hQC ljch SU' cua d.fit nU'O'C mlnh
* learn exclusively about national
history: chi h9c lich su, qu6c gia Local culture and historical

* local historical legacies: cac di san

legacies matter, but so, too,
do new ideas and technologies.
ljch SU' dja phLI'ang

ton tr9ng Sl,I' khac bi$t van h6a

respect cultural differences (v)
Respecting cultural differences
between people from different
countries
is important to avoid
misunderstandings.

Sl,I' hi§u biet Ian nhau va hQ'p tac

mutual understanding and cooperation (n)

International relations
are based on mutual
understanding and
cooperation.

Sl,I' tran tr9ng da dc;1ng van h6a

appreciation for cultural diversity (n)
The project is aimed at
empowering school children to
develop greater sense of
appreciation for cultural
diversity.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 165

 TOPIC
REVIEW
" VOCABULARY

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to change

the form of the word to match the sentence.

..................................(understand that something is valuable) cultural diversity is important

because our country, workplaces, and schools increasingly consist of various cultural,
racial, and ethnic groups. Learning about other cultures helps us respect (not the same)
within the world in which we live. Therefore, as we interact with others we can build
respect and.........................................................................................(sympathy of each person
for the other) across cultures. Furthermore, this........................................(a range of different
things or people) makes our country a more interesting place to live, as people from diverse
cultures contribute language skills, new ways of thinking, new knowledge, and different
experiences.

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.

1. What is an alternative for the word in bold: The Old Quarter is a precious legacy of
Hanoi's ancient past, but the area is challenged by drastic changes. Today, handicraft
production is being increasingly replaced by restaurants, retail shops, and tailors'?
A. relic B. leftover C. remains D. identity

2. The Hoi An Silk Village opened its doors to public tours several years ago in an effort to
kindle interest and......................................for handcrafted textiles and sericulture.
A. apprehension B. recognition C. appreciation D. understanding

3. What is an alternative for the word in bold: 'Teachers need to be alive to cultural
differences which may particularly affect bilingual pupils' handling of literature'?

A. unfamiliarities B. assimilations C. dissimilarities D. discrepancies

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 A school of thought holds that studying history of their own country, instead of that of the
world, is more important to young students. I disagree with this otion for the reasons
outlined below.

It is understandable why some people put heav emphasis on children learning about local
history. The key rationale is that discovering local historical legacies is adequate, laying
foundations for further development of their own country. However, this thinking was only
valid in the past when interactions were confined to people whose the same race and
ethnicity. )n light of rapid globalization, only by having a good grasp of foreign countries'
history, may young citizens find it easier to respect cultural differences, which is key to
mutual understanding and cooperation among nations. Therefore, it is sensible that schools
should incorporate world history into their curriculum.

In addition to fostering an appreciation for cultural diversity, teaching schoolchildren about

events that took place in other parts of the world can give them a more accurate and fair
outloo on what happened in their nation. On the other hand, learning exclusively about
national history could cause an individual to be biased and harbor negative feelings about
people from other countries. For example, in Vietnam, students mostly learn about how
Vietnam fought against foreign armies such as

America or France, which causes many children to develop a distorted thinking that people from these countries
are bad.
In conclusion, the notion that national history should be prioritized is flawed, and I would argue that learning world
history offers far greater benefits to schoolchildren.
261 words, written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 167

 'TRANSLATION

C6 m9t tmang phai cho ding hQC ljch SU' cua dat nLl'O'C mlnh thay vl hQC ljch SU' the gi&i,
quan tr9ng hO'n doi v&i h9c sinh. Toi khong dong y v&i quan ni$m nay vl nhO,ng ly do
dU'Q'C neu dU'O'i day.

C6 the hieu dU'Q'C tc;1i sao mi)t so ngU'O'i lc;1i coi tr9ng vi(:lc tre em hQC ljch SU' nU'O'C nha. Ly
do then chot la vi(:lc kham pha cac di san lich su nU'6'c nha da du de d t n€m m6ng cho Sl.J' phat
trien ve sau cua dat nU'O'C. Tuy nhien, suy nghT nay chi c6 gia tri trong qua khu khi cac tLI'O'ng
tac bi gi&i hc;1n giO,a nhO,ng ngLI'ai cung chung t9c va sac t9c. Do qua trlnh toan cau h6a dien ra
nhanh ch6ng, chi khi nam vO,ng ljch SU' cua cac nU'O'C thl nhO,ng cong dan tre m&i c6 the de
dang ton tr9ng Sl.J' khac bi(:lt van h6a hO'n. 06 la chla kh6a de hieu biet va hQ'p tac v&i nhau
giO,a cac quoc gia.Do d6, vi$c cac tmang nen ket hQ'p ljch su the gi&i vao chU'O'ng trlnh giang
dc;1y cua hQ la dieu hqp ly.

Ngoai vi(:lc khuyen khfch Sl.J' tran tr9ng doi v&i da dc;1ng van h6a, vi(:lc dc;1y cho h9c sinh ve
nhO,ng Sl.J' ki$n dien ra & nhieu nO'i khac tren the gi&i c6 the giup cac em c6 cai nhln chinh
xac va cong bang hO'n ve nh[rng gl da xay ra trong nU'6'c. M t khac, vi$c chi h9c ve ljch SU'
trong nU'6'c c6 the khien ca nhan tr& nen thien kien va nuoi dU'6'ng cam xuc tieu Cl.J'C ve
ngLI'ai ngoc;1i quoc. Vf di), & Viet Nam, h9c sinh chu yeu h9c ve vi$c Vi$t Nam da chien dau
chong lc;1i gi c ngoc;1i xam nhU' My hay Phap nhU' the nao, dieu nay khien nhieu tre em phat
trien suy nghT I$ch lc;1c rang m9i ngLI'ai Hr cac quoc gia nay deu xau xa.

T6m lc;1i, quan ni$m rang ljch SU' nU'O'C nha nen dU'Q'C U'U tien la thieu s6t, va toi xin mc;1n
phep tranh lu n rang vi$c h9c ljch su the gi&i mang lc;1i IQ'i fch Ian hO'n nhieu cho h9c sinh.

168 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

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I GENERAL VOCABULARY
put/ place emphasis on (v)
to give something emphasis, importance, etc.

•••
He placed empha-sis on a comfortable

••
lifestyle (= it was important to him).

to produce the basic ideas or structures from

which something much larger develops
lay foundations for (v)
The two leaders have laid the foundations
of for a new era in cooperation between their
countries.

to exist only in a particular area or group of

people

be confined to somewhere/ sth (v) This attitude seems to be confined to

the very wealthy.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 169

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
grasp (n)
understanding

He has a good grasp of the issues.

incorporate (v)
to include something within something else

Mobile phones incorporate features of

desktop computers, personal digital
assistants, and landlines.

the likely future situation

outlook (n)

The political outlook is still uncertain.

170 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

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 GENERAL VOCABULARY
harbor (v)
to think about or feel something, usually
over a long period

He's been harboring a g ·udg against

her ever since his promotion was refused.

to change something so that it is false or

distort (v)
wrong, or no longer means what it was
intended to mean

I believe the press have distorted

the situation.

to arrange in order of importance so

prioritize (v)
that you can deal with the most
important things before the others:

You have to prioritize in this job

because you can't do everything.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 171

 VOCAB REVIE
-
GEccNEURL
Exercise 1: Find _AR_Y
a better expression for the underlined---- W
parts among the words
listed above. You may have to change the form of the word to match the
sentence.

1. There are those who have suspicions about his motives.

2. He has a fairly positive view on life.

3. Graphics should be included into history lessons to make them more vivid, which could
pique students' interest in this subject.

4. Instead of lengthening prison sentences, governments must focus on education.

5. The idea that technology worsens people's lives seems invalid.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the general
vocabulary list.

(1)..............................increasing global integration, it is important to understand cultures

other than our own. One of the effective ways to get a good (2)............................................of the
values that another nation or race champions is to study their history.

Studying world history can be an immensely rewarding experience, but it can also be a rather
delicate matter. Countries are predisposed to (3)...................................................................details
with a view to making themselves appear just and benevolent. Therefore, while it is
difficult to be completely objective, learners of history should try to exercise their judgment.

Contrary to popular belief, history is by no means boring. In this day and age, people are no
longer (4)...........................................to old tomes and written records; instead, they could
learn about history in much more engaging ways. For example, Netflix produces documentaries
about the great wars of the past whose production value rivals that of the most well-executed
films.

A better understanding of world history could lay the (5).............................................for greater

acceptance of racial and cultural diversity. Therefore, it behooves governments to put more
efforts into history education.

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 02. Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by
tourists but not local people.
'I
Why is this the case?
What can be done to attract more local people to these
museums?

I N_G_u_v_e_N_N_H_A_N_-_G_1A_1_P_H_A_P @)
NGUYEN NHAN GIAI PHAP

• Y chinh 1
NgU'ai dan dja phU'ang da quen thu('>c • Y chinh 1
v&i cac di tfch ljch SU'. Tang CU'O'ng truyen thong

* Giai thich * Vid1,1

Nhung nai nay truyen tai truyen th6ng ThU'ang xuyen dU'a tin ve cac Sl,I'
va ljch SU' cua mot khu Vl,J'C, vi v y ki$n cong dong t6 chll'c a cac dja
thU'ang hap dan cac du khach to mo. diem tham quan

• Y chinh 2
Thiflu Sll'C hap dan
• Y chinh 2
Chi them tien cho bao tang va di tfch
* Giai thich
ljch SU'
Di tich thU'ang kh6ng thay d6i qua nhieu
nam, trong khi nhieu bao tang vi kinh • Giai thich
phi eo hE;ip nen thU'ang c6 it hi$n v t Mua them hi$n v t. thue hU'&ng dan
va kh6ng du hU'&ng dan vien. vien va trung tu lc;ii cac c6ng trlnh
ljch SU'

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 173

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
museum and historical location/place/ site bao tang va cac dja diflm ljch sll'
(n)
* historic relic (n): di Heh ljch SLI', cac di Museums, monuments and
v t ljch SU' historical sites are key
* heritage site (n): khu di Heh resources for history teaching.
* historical attraction (n): dja diflm tham
quan ljch SU'
* monument (n): c6ng trlnh tU'&ng ni$m,
dai tU'&ng ni$m

the tradition and history in the locality truy n th6ng va ljch sll' cua dja
(n) phU'O'ng/ khu Vl,J'C

an alien culture (n) m¢t n n van h6a xa lc;1

His work offers an insight into an

alien culture.

174 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

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 TOPIC VOCABULARY
exhibit (n)
v;\lt tnmg bay

The exhibits date from the 17th

century.

docent (n)
hll'&ng dan vien 6' bao tang A

docent is a trained guide

who works in a museum. This person
points out works of
art or other exhibits to th untrained
eye

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 175

 -
REVIEW
"
TOPIC
VOCABULARY
-
Exercise 1: What are the different ways to say 'historical place'?

1. An object from the past (often valued for its importance in history)?

h................ r..................
2. An area, a building, or a city (especially the one that is put on a list by the organization
UNESCO) which has special importance, and should be protected?

h................ S................ .

3. An old building or place that is an important part of a country's history?

m................

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. During work experience, students are expected to................................a high degree of

interpersonal skills in initiating and sustaining working relationships.

Meaning: show a quality

2. You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate into an............................culture immediately.

Meaning: strange and not familiar

3. The plan includes support for small businesses to modernize manufacturing in the

Meaning: a particular area of a country

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 It is widely acknowledged that museums and historical locations generally draw the attention of
tourists, while being largely ignored by locals. This trend is driven by several factors, and some
viable solutions can be implemented to boost local people's attendance at historical attractions.

There are two compelling reasons as to the waning popularity of museums and historical
places among local people. First and foremost, as these destinations somewhat impart an
overview of the traditions and history in the locality, they often attract tourists, who are
curious about an alien culture, than to the locals, those without the need to familiarize
themselves with such values. In addition to this, the lack of appeal of museums and historic
relics is also to blame. While monuments remain roughly unchanged for years, many museums
have a poor collection of exhibits and do not have enough trained guides, which is caused by
a meager budget for operation. The• plication of this is that they would lose its appeal to
local residents, who may have been to these sites at least once in the younger years.

In order to address the aforementioned issue, government should administer the following
measures. Firstly, it is crucial that museums and heritage sites receive more media coverage.
For example, should news about public events taking place at these locations be frequently
broadcast, they would encourage the local to come there.
Another feasible solution could be to divert more funding to museums and historical sites. This
financial support could be used to finance the purchase of new exhibits, hire professional
docents and refurbish monuments, which can dramatically boost the appeal of such places.

In conclusion, the poor attendance rate of local visitors at museums and historical attractions
may stem from various underlying factors, and the proposed solutions can be executed to
reverse the trend.

ti 300 words, written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 177

 ' TRANSLATION

Cac bao tang va dia diflm lich sll' thLYang thu hut sl)' chu y cua khach du lich trong khi lc;1i bi
ngLYai dan dia phLYang ph&t la la thl)'c te dU'Q'C thll'a nh$n rong rai. Xu hLY&ng nay do mot
vai yeu t6 gay ra va chung ta c6 thfl thl)'c hi$n mot s6 giai phap kha thi dfl thuc day ngLYai
dan dja phLYang den tham cac diflm tham quan ljch Sll'.

C6 hai ly do thuyet phl)c ly giai vi$c di tham cac bao tang va dja diem ljch SU' kh6ng con dll'Q'C
ngLYai dan dja phU'ang yeu thfch. Trll'&c tien va quan tn;>ng nhat, vi nhCmg diflm den nay phan
nao chi truy€rn dc;1t t6ng quan SO' lll'Q'C ve nhCrng truyen th6ng va ljch SU' cua khu Vl,l'C nen
chung thll'ang thu hut khach du ljch, nhCrng ngll'ai to mo ve mot nen van h6a xa 19, han la dan
dja phll'ang, nhO,ng ngLYai kh6ng c6 nhu cau tim hiflu cac gia
trj nay. Them vao d6, cac vi$n bao tang va di tfch ljch SU' thieu SLl'C 16i cu6n cung chfnh
la nguyen nhan. Do ngan sach ho9t dong ft 6i, nen cac c6ng trlnh tU'&ng ni$m gan nhll' kh6ng
thay d6i trong nhieu nam, con cac vi$n bao tang c6 bo SU'U t$p trien lam ngheo nan va kh6ng c6
du hU'&ng dan vien dU'Q'C dao tc;10. H$u qua cua nhO,ng vi$c nay chinh la cac dja diflm mat di
SI)' hap dan d6i v&i ngll'ai dan dja phLYang, nhCrng ngLYai c6 thfl
da den cac dja diem nay it nhat mot Ian khi con nh6.

0fl giai quyet van de n6i tren, chfnh phu nen thi hanh cac bi$n phap sau day. Thll' nhat, cac vi$n
bao tang va cac di tfch nhat thiet phai nh$n dU'Q'C nhieu SI)' quan tam chu y cua cac phU'ang ti$n
truyen thong han. Vf dl,l, neu tin tll'c ve cac SI)' ki$n dc;1i chung dien ra
t9i cac dia diflm nay thLYang xuyen dU'Q'C phat song, ngLYai dan dia phU'ang se c6 dong 11,l'c
den tham cac nhO,ng nai d6. Mot giai phap kha thi khac c6 the la phan bf> them kinh phi cho cac
vi$n bao tang va di tfch ljch Sll'. SI)' ho trq tai chinh nay c6 the dlJ'Q'C SU'
dvng de tai trQ' cho vi$c mua v$t tmng bay m&i, thue hLY&ng dan vien bao tang chuyen nghi$p va
tan trang cac c6ng trlnh tLY&ng ni$m; nhCrng vi$c nay c6 the nang cao dang ke SLl'C hap dan
cua nhCrng nai nhll' v$y.

T6m lc;1i, ti 1$ khach tham quan dja phLYang tc;1i cac vi$n bao tang va cac diem tham quan ljch
SU' thap c6 thfl xuat phat tll' cac yeu t6 can ban khac nhau, va chung ta c6 the thl)'c hi$n cac giai
phap dU'Q'C de xuat O' tren de dao ngll'Q'C xu the nay.

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 GENERAL VOCABULARY
implement (v)
to put a plan or system into operation

The changes to the national health system

will be implemented next year.

* administer (v) to give something to someone

It's up to the courts to administer

justice.

* execute (v)
to do or perform something planned

Now that we have approval, we can go

ahead and execute the plan.

wane (v)
to become weaker in strength or influence

By the late 70s, the band's influence was

beginning to wane.

* be on the wane (v) becoming less strong, powerful, popular, etc.

There are signs that support for the group

is on the wane.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 179

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
impart (v)
to communicate information to
someone
If the movie has any lesson to
impart, it's that parents shouldn't aim
for perfection.

familiarize oneself with (v) to learn about something We

spent a few minutes

familiarizing ourselves with the day's
schedule.

be to blame (for sth) (v)

to be the reason for something that
happens

The hot weather is partly to blame for

the water shortage.

implication (n)
a suggestion of something that is made without
saying it directly

Whether we do so directly or by
implication, we place a value on
human life.

.media coverage (n)

the reporting of a particular important
event or subject

Sometimes we forget that the media

coverage of a sport is actually of
secondary importance to the event
itself.

180 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
divert sth to sth/sb (v)
to cause the thing or person to be used for a
different purpose

They want to divert the attention of the

people from the real issues.

* allocate sth to sth/ sb (v)

to give a particular amount of time, money,
etc. to someone or something, so that it can be
used in a particular way

The government is allocating £10 million

for health education.

finance (v) to provide the money needed for something to

happen

The city council has refused to

finance the project.

refurbish (v)
to make a building look new again by doing
work such as painting, repairing, and cleaning

The developers refurbished the house

inside and out.

to start or develop as the result of something

stem from (v)
Their disagreement stemmed from a
misunderstanding.

to make a general development go in the

opposite direction
reverse the trend (v)

ml
Things are so bad that a special course has
been set up to train young hopefuls, and
maybe reverse the trend.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 181

 GENERAL REVIEW
VOCABULARY------------------------------------'
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1_ Higher budgetary for education mean more teachers can be hired

and classes can be smaller.
Meaning: part of a total amount of something that someone is given to use in a
particular way

2_ Viewers are fed up with their favourite sitcoms being shunted to later times to make way for
live football

Meaning: the reporting of a particular important event or subject

3_ The store is currently closed for----------------------------

Meaning: the process of improving a building or store by cleaning and decorating it,
adding new furniture, equipment, etc_

4_ Research shows that livestock industry is

for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, the major culprit for global warming_ Meaning:
be responsible for

5_ I wonder whether you will .. . us with your technical know-how_

Meaning: learn about something

Exercise 2: Find an alternative expression for the underlined parts. You may
have to refer to a collocation dictionary or a thesaurus.

_1 In light of the proliferation of food imports, locally produced food seems to become less
popular_

2_ How you support a business is critical to the success of your venture_

3_ Stopping climate change can seem like an impossible task, but a concerted effort between
governments and ordinary citizens can make big differences_

4_ There are numerous arguments on the loss of cultural identity due to the emergence of new
pop culture through the assimilation of other cultures_

5_ The meaning of having a wealth of information at our disposal is that we become more
effective learners_

182 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 03. Some people say that the increasing business and
cultural contact between countries is a positive
'I
development, while others think that many countries will
lose their national identities as a result. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

l cA_N_e_A_N_G_<s_o_-s_o> @
LQ'i ich cua vitc tang cu,c,ng Anh hu,ong cua van hoa nu,ac ngoai c!
trao dili thu,ang mfi va van hoa l>i vai ban sic din t(>c

* Y chinh 1 * Y chinh
Thuc d y kinh tt§
Van h6a nlJ'O'C ngoai dU'Q'C de cao con
van h6a truyen th6ng bi lang quen hoc;1c
* Giai thich phe phan.
Ban than doanh nghi$p VU'a c6 CO' h(>i
lam an ma SI! d u h1' cua doanh nghi$p
cCing tc;10 cong an vi$c lam.
* Vid1,1
CY Vi$t Nam, nhieu nglJ'oi, dc;1c bi$t la
nglJ'oi tre, don nh n SI! ti! do cua van
* Y chinh 2 h6a My nhLI'ng lc;1i o6ng thoi chi trfch
Thuc d y nh n thll'c ve nhieu nen van nhCrng n€lp s6ng truyen th6ng cua
h6a ngLI'oi Vi$t Nam.

* Giai thich
Giup gia tang tlnh cam giCra nglJ'oi dan
cac nU'&c va cac chung t(>c khac nhau,
x6a b6 nhCrng hiem khfch do xung d(>t
trU'&c day

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I 183

I TOPIC VOCABULARY
globalization (n)
* exchange (n): SI! trao df>i
SI! toan cau h6a

* robust relation between countries:

m6i quan h$ soi nf>i giO,a cac nU'6'c
* diplomatic ties (n): m6i quan h$
ngo9i giao
* economic alliance (n): lien minh
kinh te
* multilateral trade agreement
(commerce treaty): hi$p djnh
thU'O'ng m9i da phU'ang
* facilitate global commerce (v): t9o
diE§u ki$n cho thong thU'ang qu6c te
* military coalition (n): lien minh
qu6c phong
* parties involved (n): cac ben
lien quan
* economic powerhouse (n): CU'ang
qu6c kinh te
* economically disadvantaged
countries (n): cac nU'6'c ngheo

national value (n)

* national identity (n): ban sac dan t('>c
gia tri dan t('>c

* foreign influence (n): anh hU'&ng tu

nU'O'C ngoai
* shift in mindset (n): SI! thay df>i trong
tU' duy, nhc;1n thuc

184 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
lucrative opportunity (n)
CO' h('>i lam an sinh lai
* penetrate market (v): tham nhi;lp
thi trLYang
* generate jobs (v): tc;10 c6ng an
vi c lam
* invigorate the economy (v):
cung c6, thuc d y nen kinh tt

bridge cultural gap (v)

* accept racial/ cultural/ ... difference:
thu hE:Jp khoang each ve van h6a

d6n nhi;ln SI! da dc;1ng ve chung t('>c/

van h6a/ ...
* cultural appreciation (n): s11 tran
tr9ng van h6a
* cultural appropriation (n): Sl,J' xam
lang van h6a
* cultural homogenization: Sl,J' d6ng
nh.fit ve van h6a
* erase hostility: x6a b6 nhO,ng thu
d!ch/ hiem khfch

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY/ 185

 TOPIC
REVIEW
" VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks using the words in the topic vocabulary list.

G...................... is a double-edged sword. On the plus side, e........................ a enable free

trade and enforce ethical commercial practices.

M...................... c. .. _..........................maintain stability and provide swift response to
threats of terrorism. On the downside, cultural homogenization is threatening the

n..............................i............................of various countries, and the migration of labor is

causing complex social and economic issues.

Exercise 2: Are the following situations examples of (1) cultural

appreciation, (2) cultural appropriation or (3) cultural homogenization?

1. An American chef reinterpreting Vietnamese recipes using Western ingredients

2. Kim Kardashian naming her shapewear brand Kimono

3. People in Asia watching the same Netflix shows as people in America

4. Nonreligious Pop stars wearing religious clothing to red carpet events

5. Presidents George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin wearing ao dai to a Vietnamese festival

6. McDonald's franchises becoming ubiquitous in Japan, Thailand, and Singapore

(1) Cultural appreciation (2) Cultural appropriation (3) Cultural homogenization

186 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 Globalization has been key in facilitating global commerce and bridging cultural gaps.
While this trend is heralded as a monumental achievement, there are those who say it has
caused the corrosion of national values in certain places. In this answer, I will look at both the
benefits of increased exchange between countries as well as its impact on national identities
before presenting my own take on the matter.

On the one hand, more robust relations between countries have hugely benefited all the
parties involved. In economic terms, the ability to penetrate foreign markets
presents lucrative opportunities for businesses. In return, investments made by these entities in
infrastructures and offices, especially in economically disadvantaged countries, have generated
an enormous number of jobs and invigorated local
and national economies. The cultural impact of this trend is almost as great as its economic
implications. Nowadays, citizens from one nation can learn about the history and way of life
of many others, which is a precursor to greater appreciation and acceptance of the differences
between peoples and races and helps to erase hostility that may have existed because of past
conflicts.

On the other hand, there are indeed instances where the presence of foreign influences
marginalizes national values. This phenomenon manifests itself starkly in societies where
traditions are rigid, restrictive or borderline oppressive, and more forward-thinking, liberal,
usually Western, values have come to be enthusiastically embraced. Vietnam is a perfect
example. As American music and films found their
way into the Vietnamese media diet, more and more people, especially teenagers and young
adults, become fervent advocates of the values championed in the American
society like gender equality, freedom of speech and so on. While this shift in mindset is eminently positive, it
also inadvertently causes a large proportion of the population to start rejecting Vietnamese conventions and
unfairly criticizing their country, history and way of life.
To my mind, increased contact on the global scale in terms of commerce and culture is ultimately a positive
trend. The effect it has on national identities cannot be discounted, but in practice, this effect has been
successfully alleviated by countries taking active steps to protect their own cultures and traditions.
363 words, written by Tung Dang

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
187
 'TRALATION
Qua trlnh toan c u h6a la yeu to then chot trong vi(lc t9o dieu ki(ln cho giao thlJ'O'ng quoc te
va thu hE;Jp khoang each van h6a. Trang khi xu hU'ong nay dlJ'Q'C ca ngqi la m<)t thanh tl,l'U to
Ion, c6 nglJ'ai n6i rang n6 da gay ra Sl,l' x6i mon cac gia tr! dan t<)c 6' nhieu nO'i. Trang cau tra lai
nay, toi se xem xet ca IQ'i ich cua vi(lc tang wang trao doi giCra
cac quoc gia cung nhlJ' tac d<)ng cua dieu nay len ban sac dan t<)c tmoc khi trlnh bay quan
diem rieng.

M<)t mc;%t, moi quan h(l soi noi hO'n giCra cac quoc gia da mang I9i lqi ich to Ion cho tat ca cac
ben lien quan. Ve kinh te, kha nang tham nh p th! tmang nlJ'oc ngoai mang I9i CO'
h<)i lam an sinh lai cho cac doanh nghi(lp. Ooi I9i, cac khoan d u tlJ' do cac dO'n vi nay
thl,l'c hi(ln vao CO' s& h,;1 t ng va van phong, dc;%c bi(lt la a cac nlJ'oc ngheo, da t9o ra m<)t so
IU'Q'ng Ion vi(lc lam va thuc d y nen kinh te d!a phU'O'ng cung nhlJ' quoc gia. Tac d<)ng
van h6a cua xu hlJ'ong nay cung Ion tlJ'O'ng dlJ'O'ng voi y nghTa kinh te cua n6. Ngay nay, cong
dan t9i m<)t quoc gia c6 the tlm hieu ve ljch SU' va loi song a nhieu quoc gia khac,
dieu nay la nen tang cua Sl,l' tran tr9ng va d6n nh n Sl,l' da d<;3ng ve dan t<)c va chung t<)c, d6ng
tha.i giup x6a bo sl,l' thu d!ch c6 the t6n t9i do nhCrng xung d<)t trong qua khll'.

Mc;%t khac, thl,l'c Sl,l' cung t6n t9i nhCrng tmang hqp ma sl,l' hi(ln di(ln cua anh hU'ang ngo 9i
lai d y lui cac gia tr! dan t<)c. Hi(ln tlJ'qng nay the hi(ln r6 net trong cac xa h<)i c6 cac truyen
thong cU'ng nhac, h<;3n che hoc;%c ap bU'c bien gioi. 0 day, tlJ' duy tien b<), tl,J'
do hO'n, thlJ'ang la phU'O'ng Tay, da dlJ'Q'C d6n nh n nhi(lt tlnh. Vi(lt Nam la m<)t vf d1,1 hoan
hao. Khi am nh9c va phim anh My tlm dlJ'ang vao th! tmang truyen thong cua Vi(lt Nam,
ngay cang nhieu nglJ'ai, dc;%c bi(lt la thanh thieu nien va nglJ'ai tre tr& thanh
nhCrng nglJ'ai ung h<) nhi(lt thanh cac gia tr! trong xa h<)i My nhlJ' blnh d ng gioi, tl,J' do ngon
lu n. v.v. Ou Sl,J' thay doi trong tlJ' duy nay rat tich Cl,l'C, nhlJ'ng n6 cung VO tinh khien ph n
Ion dan so bat d u choi bo cac truyen thong cua Vi(lt Nam va chi trich dat nlJ'oc, ljch SU' va nep
song cua mlnh m<)t each khong cong bang.

Theo toi, tang CU'O'ng trao doi tren ph<;3m vi toan c u trong ITnh Vl,l'C thlJ'O'ng m9i va van h6a
suy cho cung la m<)t XU hlJ'ong tich Cl,l'C. Anh hU'ang cua n6 toi ban sac dan t<)c khong the bi coi
nhE;i, nhlJ'ng tren thl,l'c te, anh hU'ang nay da dlJ'Q'C h9n che thanh cong
bai cac quoc gia thl,l'C hi(ln nhCrng blJ'OC tich Cl,J'C nham bao v(l van h6a va truyen thong
cua mlnh.

188 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
key (a)
important

The U.S.'s support is a key component in

bringing this plan to fruition.

to celebrate/ to say that something is good

herald (v)
Son Tung MTP is heralded as a welcome
disruptor in the Vietnamese music scene.

huge

Reversing climate change is a monumental

monumental (a)
task that requires a collaborative effort of
governments, companies and the ordinary
people.

the process of becoming bad or worse

The new bill is controversial: some say it

corrosion (n) heralds a new era of progressive state
policy, some construe it as corrosion of
moral standards.

opinion

One of the best ways to learn as an intern is

take on something (n) to ask for the veterans' takes on pretty
much anything.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
189
A GENERAL VOCABULARY
implication (n) effect

The implications of the new

evaluation system are still obscure, but
they have decided to go ahead with it.

the foundation for something

precursor (n)
His experience of working under the
tutelage of some of the world's
preemient chefs is a precursor
to his astronomical success as a
restaurateur today.

to make something less important

marginalize (v)
Automation is increasingly
marginalizing human labor, leaving
the future of innumerable
occupations in the wind.

to show/ display
manifest (v)
Discontentment with the current
system is running high, which
manifests itself in employees' direct
defiance of their superiors.

to accept or welcome an idea

embrace (v)
In this day and age, high wages are
not enough to attract and retain
employees. People are increasingly
looking for organizations that promote
equality, champion sustainability, and
embrace diversity.

190 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
champion (v)
to support

Designers at large today, anyone from creative

directors of fashion houses
to architects and interior designers,
champion a minimalistic, pared back aesthetic.

extremely
eminently (adv)
Everyone needs a sober grey suit. Whether
you're going in for a job interview or attending
a gala dinner, it will always be eminently
suitable.

to say that something is not important

discount (v)
New evidence has come to light which has
discounted the possibility of him being the
culprit.

to make a problem less serious

alleviate (v)
Taking sleeping pills may be one way to
alleviate chronic sleep loss, but there is
really no remedy for the sleep-deprived like
eating well, exercising regularly and
reducing screen time.

strong, sincere
fervent (a)
Learning about the catastrophic impact on
the environment of the cattle industry has
turned him into a fervent believer in a meat-
free world.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
191
, v'l ;;vo--=.;;_ci-"-=--l=--=r=--..::..::.:--R-E_V_lE-W
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences below using the italic words given.

1. As English gains popularity, many people stop speaking their native languages.

(marginalize) .........................................................................................

2. What do you think about the current political climate in Europe?

(take) ....................................................................................................

3. Teens who show delinquent behaviors now could become criminals in the future.
(precursor) ...........................................................................................

4. His donations show how generous he is.

(manifestation) .......................................................................................

5. The detective refuses to believe that this was suicide.

(discount) ..............................................................................................

Exercise 2: Choose an appropriate word to fill in the blanks.

1. The protests could................................trouble for multiple industries.

A. herald B. usher in C. spell D. loom

2. The.......................effects of smoking are not immediately noticeable but rather become

manifest in the later years of a smoker's life.

A. corrosive B. corrosion C. corrode D. corroding

3. When she set up her restaurant, she didn't want to do fusion, which is a popular direction that
most young chefs embrace. Instead, she decided to take a step back and the
tradition of Vietnamese cooking.
A. uphold B. champion C. accept D. advocate

4. The Amish people................................a simple way of life that is largely devoid of the
conveniences afforded by technology.
A. consent
B. sponsor C. in favor D. embrace

5. The abolition of slavery marks a monumental............................toward racial equality.

A. achievement
B. milestone C. accomplishment D. step

192 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 .0.
Some people think the government should spend more
money on public services rather than waste money on arts
(i.e. music and painting). To what extent do you agree or
4. disagree?

A
l cA_N_e_A_N_G_<s_o_,s_o) @
T i sao danh tiin cho cac djch v1,1
T i sao danh tiin cho nghf thu
cqng d6ng l i quan trc;mg?
it khong phai la ling phi?

* Y chinh * Y chinh 1
Cac djch vv nay trl)'c ti p ph1,1c vv IQ'i
Ngh$ thu t t9o ra ngu6n IQ'i kinh t
fch cua ngl1'6'i dan.
l&n.

* Vid1,11 * Vid1,1
Phim anh, am nhi;lc ti;lo ra ngu6n thu
Chi tien vao giao d1,1c giup mQi ngU'O'i
kh6ng 16, c('>ng v&i doanh thu tll' cac
CO CO' h(>i trong CUQC song Va giam cac
san pham phai sinh cua nhll'ng loi;li
v n d€l xa h(>i.
hlnh ngh$ thu t nay.

* Vid1,12
Chi tien vao h$ thong giao thong cong
* Y chinh 2
Ngh$ thu t giup gln gill' ban sac
c¢ng giup giam tik dU'6'ng va 6
van h6a.
nhiem.

* Giai thich
* Vid1,13 TU' tU'&ng va l!ch sLI' dU'Q'C IU'u gill'
Chi tien trQ' gia di$n nU'&c giup cac qua am nh9c, van hQc, h(>i hQa, v.v.
ti$n fch nay re han cho ngl1'6'i dan.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
193
--, TOPIC VOCABULARY
budget deficit (n) SI! tham hl)t ngan sach

* budget surplus: th,;1ng dl.l' ngan sach

SPENDING- INCOME
D
government funding (n)
* state budget (n): ngan sach chfnh phu
ngan sach chfnh phu

* the public purse (n): tui tien cua

chfnh phu
* tax revenue (taxpayers' money) (n):
tien thue/ tien d6ng thue cua nhan dan
* plough money back into (v): tai di3u tll'
tien vao dau d6
* allocate funds to sth (v): phan b6 tien
vao dau d6
* divert funds to/ into sth (v): phan b6 l:;3i
kinh phi t&i dau d6

194 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
service that cater to the masses
djch Vl.J phl,JC Vl.J nhu du cua ngll'O'i dan
* the school system (n): h$ th6ng
tm6'ng hoc
* public utilities (n): cac djch Vl.J c6ng
nhll' di$n, nll'6'c

artistic creation (n)

* art form (n): loc;ii hlnh ngh$ thu/ilt
sang tc;io ngh$ thu-;1t

* artistic field (n): ITnh Vl,J'C ngh$ thu-;1t

* intellectual property (n): tai san trf tu$

the economic contribution of arts (n)

SI! dong g6p v kinh t§ cua ngh$ thu-;1t

preserve cultural identity (n)

vi$c gin giCr ban sac van h6a

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
195
 TOPIC
REVIEW
" VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Find a concise expression for each of the following concepts.

1. to reinvest some of your earnings to improve your business: ..........................

2. to spend the money originally intended for one purpose on another: ...............

3. when a government receives more money than it spends: ......................

4. when a government spends more money than it receives: .....................

5. products of the brain: ...........................

Exercise 2: List at least 2 examples of how each of the following industries

generates revenue.

Music Film Art Literature

e.g. sale of albums

Exercise 3: List at least one way in which citizens benefit from the
following public services, starting with "We can...".

Example: 1. Utilities (electricity, water, etc.): "We can have energy to power our
appliances and water to drink, cook and clean."
2. Education
3. Environmental protection
4. Health care
5. Military
6. Telecommunications
7. Transportation infrastructure

8. Waste management

196 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 'SAMPLE--

In light of serious budget deficits in many nations around the world, what the government
should and should not spend on is being heatedly debated. There are those who claim
that services that directly cater to the masses should take precedence when it comes to
government funding, and expenditure on arts is wasteful. While I agree that most of the
public purse should be dedicated to public services, I also believe it would be imprudent
to downplay the dividends of investments in artistic fields.
Financing and subsidizing services that citizens use on a daily basis is absolutely vital.
Spending money on the school system and making education more accessible
not only give ordinary people opportunities to succeed in life but also ward off

social issues like crime or unemployment. Ploughing part of tax revenue back into the
public transport network is needed to encourage people to forego personal vehicles - a choice
that could have an immediate impact on both congestion and pollution. Diverting funds to
public utilities allows citizens to have cheap access to water and electricity. These are just a
few among a whole host of services that are fundamentally important to people's life;
compared to them, areas like music or art do seem trivial and hard to justify pouring money
into.

However, I would argue that investments in artistic fields are not at all wasteful. For one, the
economic contribution of arts is colossal and growing. Songs, movies and, in a handful of
countries, art exhibitions generate enormous sums that amount to the billions of dollars. At the
same time, they create demand for derivative products like fan merchandise and theme parks -
businesses that are no less profitable than the sale of the intellectual property that inspire
them. Financial gains aside, arts should receive government funding for their role in
preserving cultural identity and heritage. Since the dawn of civilization, the zeitgeist and
important narratives of each period have been richly portrayed through various art forms,
including painting, music, literature, and so on. This significance, coupled with the financial
contribution of artistic creations, adequately justifies the investments in this domain.

In conclusion, it is irrefutable that the bulk of state budgets should go to public services, but I
believe art also deserves the government's attention and resources.

379 words, written by Tung Dang

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
197
 I TRANSLATION

Do tham hl,Jt ngan sach nghiem tr9ng a nhieu qu6c gia tren the gioi, nhCmg gl chfnh phu nen
va khong nen chi tien dang dU'Q'C tranh lu,;1n soi n6i. Co nhO,ng ngU'6'i cho rang ngan sach chinh
phu nen U'U tien cac djch Vl,J phl,JC Vl,J tn,J'C tiep cho nhu cau ngU'O'i dan,
va chi tieu cho ngh(l thu,;1t la lang phi. Du d6ng y rang phan Ion tui tien cua chinh phu
nen dU'Q'C danh cho cac djch vl,J cong, nhLI'ng toi cOng tin rang vi$c danh gia thflp gia tri cua cac
khoan dau tU' vao cac linh Vl,l'C ngh$ thu,;1t la khong he kh6n ngoan.

Tai trQ' va trQ' gia cho djch Vl,J ma ngU'O'i dan SU' dl,Jng hang ngay chac chan la quan trQng. Chi
tien cho h$ th6ng trLI'6'ng hQc va giup ngU'6'i dan de tiep c$n voi giao dl,Jc han khong chi
dem den cho ngU'6'i dan ca hoi thanh cong trong cuoc s6ng ma con tranh dU'Q'C cac van de xa
hQi nhU' phc;1m toi ho$c thflt nghi$p. Tai dau tU' mot phan tien thue vao mc;1ng IU'oi giao thong
cong cong cOng can thiet di khuyen khich mQi ngLI'6'i tll' b6 phU'O'ng ti$n ca nhan - mot ll,l'a
chQn co thi co tac dong ngay I$p tll'c den nc;1n tac nghen va o nhiem. Phan bf> lc;1i kinh phf cho
cac ti$n ich cong cong cho phep ngLI'6'i dan tiep c$n voi di$n va nU'oc gia re. Day chi la mot vai
trong s6 rflt nhieu djch Vl,J quan trQng can ban d6i voi cuoc s6ng cua con ngU'6'i; so voi chung,
cac linh Vl,l'C nhU' am nhc;1c hay ngh$ thu$t co ve tam thU'6'ng va kho bi$n minh cho vi$c df> tien
vao do.

Tuy nhien, toi xin phep I$p lu$n rang dau tU' vao cac linh Vl,l'C ngh$ thu$t hoan toan khong
lang phi. Theo toi, dong gop ve kinh te cua ngh$ thu$t rflt to Ion va ngay cang tang. Cac bai hat,
phim anh va a mot s6 qu6c gia la cac triin lam ngh(l thu$t mang lc;1i s6 tien khf>ng 16 len toi
hang ti do la. Cung luc do, chung tc;10 ra nhu cau cho cac san pham phai sinh nhU' d6 dung danh
cho ngU'6'i ham mo va cac cong vien giai tri theo chu de - nhO,ng thU'ang Vl,J co IQ'i nhu$n
khong kem gl so voi vi$c kinh doanh tai san tri tu$ da truyen cam hll'ng cho chung. D$t IQ'i ich
tai chinh sang mot ben, cac mon ngh$ thu$t
nen nh$n dU'Q'C kinh phi cua chinh phu cho vai tro cua chung trong vi$c bao t6n ban sac van hoa va
di san. Ki tll' buf>i blnh minh cua nen van minh nhan loc;1i, h$ tU' tU'ang va nhO,ng truyen thuyet
quan tr9ng cua tll'ng th6'i ky da dU'Q'C khac hQa phong phu thong
qua cac loc;1i hlnh ngh$ thu,;1t da dc;1ng, bao g6m hoi hQa, am nhc;1c, van hQc, v.v. Y nghia
nay, cung Sl,I' dong gop tai chinh cua cac sang tc;10 ngh$ thu$t, Chll'ng minh trQn VE;)n gia tri cua
cac khoan dau tU' vao linh Vl,l'C nay.

Tom lc;1i, kh6ng thi phu nh$n rang phan Ion ngan sach nha nU'oc nen danh cho cac djch• Vl,J cong,
nhU'ng toi tin rang ngh$ thu$t cOng XLl'ng dang nh$n dU'Q'C Sl,I' chu tam va cac ngu6n tai nguyen
cua chinh phu.

198 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
heated (a)
intense

Casual conversations can quickly turn into

heated debates when politics is involved.

to be prioritized
take precedence (v)
* give precedence: to prioritize Precedence must be given to senior
citizens or pregnant women on public
transport.

I' 7J
imprudent (a) e y not smart

It would be imprudent to follow the herd

in the stock market. As an investor, you
need to exercise discretion and take every
investment recommendation with a grain of
salt.

to give time, energy, money, etc. to

dedicate (v) something

Martin Luther King dedicated his life

to the fight against inequality and
oppression.

to say that something is not important

downplay (v)
People who downplay cooling down after
a punishing work out are more prone to
spinal injuries later on.

benefit
dividend (n)
Exercising every day is a habit will surely
pay dividends in the future.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
199
I GENERALVOCABULARY
ward off (phr.v)
to prevent

Anti-aircraft defenses will need to be

fortified to ward off the enemy's aerial
attacks.

trivial (a) unimportant

Enthusiasts, whether it be watch collectors,

art patrons or sports fans, obsess over
details that seem trivial to a layperson.

to give up a privilege
forego (v)
Losing weight entails foregoing the
pleasure of carbs, soda, and sweets, and
these are things many people are not willing
to part with.

to be a good reason to do something

justify (v)
Shopaholics often try to justify their
splurges by saying how the items are a good
value or how they are going to get a lot of
use, but at the end of the day,
it is all about the instant gratification of
acquiring new things.

to be equal to
amount to (v)
* amount to nothing: to not have
The hospital fees amounted to an eye-
watering couple of thousands of dollars.
any result
* not amount to anything in life: to
not succeed in life

200 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
the beginning of

The president's visit heralds the dawn

of a new era of diplomatic relations
between the two countries.

resulting from another work or person

derivative (a)
It could be said that contemporary
fantasy novels are derivative of classics
like Lord of The Rings.

the beliefs or moods of a particular period

zeitgeist (n) in history

Listening to podcasts on various topics is

an engrossing way to navigate the
zeitgeist of our time.

undeniable
irrefutable (a)
They've found irrefutable evidence
of meddling in the match, and the
individuals involved will be punished
accordingly.

story
narrative (n)
The biography provides a gripping
narrative of how Nike became the
cultural icon that it is today.

CHAPTER 04 - HISTORY I
201
 Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the general
vocabulary list.

1. I would like to..........................this song to my wife.

2. Parents should never say or let children feel that they will never..................................to
anything in life.

3. The work that you put in polishing your academic record now will ................
dividends when you go looking for a job in the future.

4. Some governments...............................the social problems in their country as a way to

calm the public and create an impression of peace and stability.

Exercise 2: Match the adjectives in column A to their antonyms in column

B.

A B

irrefutable substantive

prudent calm

heated rash

trivial original

derivative debatable

Exercise 3: Find a more advanced alternative to the words in bold.

1. When it comes to allocation of state funds, art is often overlooked whereas fields like
education and health care are prioritized.

2. The most potent ways to avoid the virus are basic hygiene protocols like washing your
hands regularly and sneezing into your elbow.

3. That Prince Harry decided to give up his royal title and riches came as a shock to the
public.

4. Casualties in war are often explained as the necessary sacrifices to restore peace.

5. Humans have had an intimate relationship with the stars since the beginning of
civilization.

202 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 01. Some people say that we do not need printed newspaper
any more. To what extent do you agree or disagree with

A
'I this opinion?

I c_A_N_e_A_N_G_<s_o,_s_o> @
VE 1 VE 2

Toi dflng y
Toi khong d6ng y
[Bao m ng c6 th thay the bao
(Bao gi y khong th bi lo
gi y.J
i b6.]
* Y chinh 1
* Y chinh 1
Nhanh han rat nhieu
Nhieu ngll'ai thfch d9c bao giay.
* Giai thich * Giai thich
Thay vi den s<;1p bao, m9i ngU'ai c6 Ngll'ai gia khong quen d9c bao
the c$p nh$t tin t(pc ngay I$p tll'c tren man hinh di$n tll' do thi Ive
qua cac thiet bi di d(>ng c6 ket n6i kem nen thll'ang chu(>ng bao
Internet.
giay han.

* Y chinh 2 * Y chinh 2
Mien phf
Bao giay bien mat c6 the anh hll'&ng t&i
* Giai thich nhieu nganh cong nghi$p.
. Oa s6 bao m-;1ng khong thu phf
ngll'O'i d9c, khien nhieu ngll'ai khong
* Giai thich
Nhu cflu bao giay giam c6 the khien
con chu(>ng bao giay.
nhieu nha xuat ban va cong ty khai
thac go thu h1;ip quy mo, dan t&i
that nghi$p tren di$n r(>ng.

204 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
printed newspaper (n)
* conventional newspaper (n): bao
bao giay

truyen thong
Though there are handheld personal
* traditional newspaper (n): bao truyen reading devices, many prefer
thong
* printed version (n): phien ban (bao) in
traditional newspapers and

* printed papers (n): bao in

magazines over digital articles to
get the latest information.
* paper publication (n): an phlim in/
an phlim bao, t;;ip chi
* paper news (n):
tin tll'C tren bao giay
* printed materials (n):
an phlim in

tin tll'C tren m;;ing

online news (n)
* e-paper (n): bao di$n tll'
The e-paper offers an exact
* internet-based newspaper (n): replica of the daily newspaper in a
bao m;;ing digital format with various
* digital newspaper (n): enhanced functions such as audio
bao di$n tll' versions and article translation.
* digital version (n):
phien ban (bao) di$n
tll'

cac tin t(pc c,;1p nh.\lt

news update (n) You can get hourly news updates

* newspaper article (n): bai bao on the Internet.

newsstand (n) The competition among the

newsstands is much bigger than
before.

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 205

 " REVIE
TOPI
VOCABULA
C
RY
W
Exercise 1: Find alternative expressions for the following words.

1. Newspaper: p.........................., p....................., n.....................

2. Online: i......................, d.....................

3. Traditional: c............................

Exercise 2: Use words from above to match the following meanings.

1. A table or temporary structure used as a small shop for selling newspapers and
magazines outside in public places: ................................

2. new or more accurate information: .............................

3. a newspaper in electronic form that is read on a computer, etc:..............................................,

Exercise 3: Group the following advantages into those of online

newspapers and those of traditional newspapers.

multimedia presentation avoid

mining of personal data cheap

access

credibility of information

interaction between the paper and the readership fewer

distractions

support brick-and-mortar businesses like newsstands and bookstores up-to-date information

Online Newspapers Traditional Newspapers

206 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
It is universally accepted that in light of the proliferation of online information channels,
conventional newspapers have been on the wane, and considered no longer necessary.
Although online news is indeed superior to printed version in many facets, I believe that
printed papers would never be replaced completely.

It is understandable why some people advocate eschewing paper publications in favor

of their digital versions. The key rationale behind this development is that reading news
online is infinitely speedier. Instead of purchasing papers at a
newsstand, people now can access news updates immediately via nternet-connec e mobile
devices. Another justification is that online news is virtually free of charge.
Most e-papers do not charge readers, which discourages many people from buying printed
materials.

Notwithstanding the aforementioned benefits of internet-based newspapers, I am of the

opinion that there are several compelling reasons as to why printed news cannot be dispensed
with. Firstly, some people prefer traditional newspapers. For example, the elderly, who are not
used to reading news on a digital screen due to their poor vision, often gravitate towards
printed publications. Furthermore, the disappearance of printed news may have a ar-reaching
effect on a host of industries. For instance, the declining demand for paper news may force
publishers and logging companies to
ownsize, which could trigger mass unemployment.

In conclusion, despite undeniable benefits of online newspapers, I am convinced that

conventional news still has an imf)ortant role to play in modern society.

252 words, written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 207

 I TRANSLATION

Ai cOng thua nhifm rang bao truyen thong dang suy yeu va bi coi la khong con can thiet do Sl,J'
phat trien cua cac kenh thong tin trl,J'C tuyen. Du tin t(pc trl,J'C tuyen thl,J'C Sl,J' VU'Q't tn;,i so v&i
phien ban giay & nhieu khfa c9nh nhU'ng toi tin rang bao giay se khong bao gi6' bi thay the hoan
toan.

C6 the hieu dU'Q'C t9i sao m9t so ngl1'6'i l9i ung he) viEI!c x6a b6 cac an phflm bao giay va chuyen
sang cac phien ban kT thu.;it so cua cac bao nay. Nguyen nhan then chat dang sau Sl,J' phat trien
nay la do ViE;!C dQC tin tll'C trl,J'C tuyen nhanh han rat rat nhieu. Thay vi mua bao & s9p bao, gi6'
day moi ngU'6'i c6 the c p nh t tin t(pc ngay l p t(pc thong qua
cac thiet bi di d9ng dU'Q'C ket noi Internet. M9t biEI!n minh khac la tin t(pc trl,J'c tuyen hau
nhU' mien phf. Hau het cac bai bao diEI!n tll' khong thu phi d9c gia, viEI!c nay cang khong khuyen
khich mQi ngl1'6'i mua an phflm giay.

Du bao m9ng c6 nhCrng IQ'i fch nhU' tren, toi cho rang c6 m9t so ly do thuyet phvc cho vi$c t9i
sao bao giay khong the bi x6a b6. Th(p nhat, m9t so ngl1'6'i van thfch bao truyen thong han. Vi
dl,l, nhCrng ngl1'6'i cao tu6i khong quen d9c tin t(pc tren man hinh kT thu t
so, do th! 11,J'c kem, thU'6'ng bi thu hut b&i cac an phflm giay. Han nCra, Sl,J' bien mat cua bao giay
c6 the anh hU'&ng sau r9ng den rat nhieu nganh cong nghiEI!p. Vi dt,J, nhu cau bao giay giam c6
the bu9c cac nha xuat ban va cong ty khai thac go thu h p quy mo; dieu nay c6 the gay ra that
nghiEI!p hang lo9t.

T6m 19i, bat chap IQ'i ich khong the phu nh n cua bao diEI!n tll', toi tin rang bao truyen thong van
c6 vai tr6 quan tr9ng trong xa hQi hiEI!n d9i.

208 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
proliferation (n)
rapid increase in numbers

The past two years have seen the

proliferation of reality TV shows.

wane (v)
to become weaker in strength or influence
* be on the wane (v): becoming
less strong, powerful, popular, etc. There are signs that support for the group is
on the wane.

superior (a)

better than average or better than other

people or things of the same type

This cheese is vastly superior to the other.

eschew sth in favor of sth (v)

to avoid something intentionally and switch to

the other thing

Many consumers are eschewing locally

produced food in favor of food imports.

infinitely (adv)
very or very much

Travel is infinitely more comfortable now

than it used to be.

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 209

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
Internet-connected (a)
be connected to the Internet

There are countless varieties of

Internet-connected toys on the
market

* Internet-based (a) used to describe activities that are done using

the Internet

The cost of running an Internet-based

business is much less than that of running a
conventional one.

dispense with (v) to get rid of or stop using something or

someone that you do not need

Let's dispense with the formalities and

get right down to business.

gravitate towards sth (v)

to be attracted by something

,
/

I
I
,
I
I
. .. _
Numerous people now gravitate
far-reaching (a)
towards a vegan diet to lose weight.

likely to influence many people or things

210 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

International tourism has

had
far-reaching effects on
the local culture.

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 211

 I GENERAL VOCABULARY
downsize (v)
to make a company or organization
smaller by reducing the number of people
working for it

As we are downsizing the company and

reducing the number of employees in
our corporate office, we need less
space.

mass unemployment (n)

unemployment on a large scale

During times of mass

unemployment, there's a pool of
cheap labour for employers to draw
from.

have an important role to play (v)

* play an important role (v):
to have an important effect or influence on
something
to have an important effect or
influence on something A good diet and fitness play an
important role in helping people live
longer.

.. ......
212 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1
-1 V1-----=v:.....;:--;...oc-==-i=-c=-=[=---=-=-:t-=--=- R---=-==E=----=V=---=l=---=E=--:.W----=-----'
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word(s) to match the sentence.

1. I've personally never subscribed to the view that either gender is ......................... to the
other.
Meaning: better

2.................................................learning allows students to learn at their own pace,

access the information at a time that is convenient for them, and provides education
to remote students that otherwise would not be able to travel to a classroom.
Meaning: done on the Internet

3. In nations where food born illnesses are prevalent and food hygiene enforcement is lax,
consumers tend to............................................................................. imported food for safety
reasons.
Meaning: be attracted by

4. When global consumers buy the same imported products, demand for locally
produced goods has been ....................... .......................
Meaning: become less popular

5. Artificial intelligence and robotic technologies could lead to ................................

Meaning: a lot of unemployed people

Exercise 2: Find an alternative expression for the underlined parts. You may
have to refer to a collocation dictionary or a thesaurus.

1. These new laws will have huge benefits for all working mothers.

2. These opportunities seemed very much seductive.

3. Better intelligence and the use of language distinguish man from the other primates.

4. The increase of cell phones has changed how we communicate.

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 213

 02. Nowadays, there is a trend that reports of media focus on
problems and emergencies rather than positive
development. Some people think it is harmful to
individuals and to society. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

HOAN TOAN E>ONG Y (100%)

VI: 1 VE 2

* Y chinh 1 * Y chinh 1
SU'c kh6e tinh th n Chay mau chat xam
* Giai thich * Giai thich
Cuc)c s6ng v6n da c6 nhieu ap htc, Khi m9i ngLJ>ai bi bao vay bai qua
do v y biet them ve nhO,ng vi$c tieu nhieu tin tll'c ve nhO,ng dieu bat
Cl,l'C dang xay ra c6 the khien thLJ>ang xay ra a nU'O'C mlnh, he;> se
chung ta cang lo lang va bi quan. c6 cai nh]n tieu Cl,f'C ve vien canh
Trong tmang hqp xau c6 the dan t&i tLJ>ang lai cua dat nLI'O'C va chuyen t&i
tr m cam. nLJ>&c khac.

* Y chinh 2 * Y chinh 2
Anh hLI'ang xau t&i cac doanh nghi$p
Ngan can m9i ngLJ>ai thll' nghi$m
nhCmg dieu m&i me * Giai thich
Tin xau c6 the khifln c6ng chung c6
* Giai thich suy nghi tieu Cl,f'C.
Tin xau thU'O'ng n6i qua ve Sl,I' vi$c.
* Vid1,1

* Vid1,1
S1,1' c6 may bay mat tfch cua hang hang
kh6ng Malaysia.
Du may bay dU'Q'C coi la phU'ang
Du kh6ng phai loi la cua hang hang
ti$n di chuyen an toan nhat, nhLI'ng
kh6ng, nhLI'ng doanh thu cua hang da
nhCmg ban tin ve cac vv rai may bay
lao d6c sau khi SI! ki$n nay dU'Q'C
thLJ>ang khien ngLJ>ai d9c c6 cai
tang tran ng p khap cac trang bao trong
nhln sai 1$ch va tll' d6 sq di may bay.
va ngoai nLI'O'C.

214 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

-, TOPIC VOCABULARY
media platform (n)
nen tang truyen thong
* social media platform (n): cac nen tang
m9ng xa h◊i The most popular social media
platforms are Facebook, YouTube,
and WhatsApp, with a combined total
of nearly 6 billion monthly active
users.

cover mostly bad news (v)

chu yeu dU'a tin xau, t p trung dU'a tin
* negative news report/ story (n): ban
xau
tin (c6 tinh) tieu Cl)'C
Negative news stories grabbed
attention and provoked a strong
reaction, whereas the positive
news stories had almost zero
response.

ban tin
report (n)
According to reports, there has
been an earthquake in Los
Angeles.

bao chi (bao g6m cac ph6ng vien va

the press (including reporters and nhiep anh gia)
photographers) (n)
The charity invited the press to a
presentation of its plans for the
future.

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 215

 T8PIC VOCABULARY
* the paper (n): t6a bao
* news media (n): tin tll'c truyen thong The role of the news media in
forming public opinion is very
important.

broadcast (v) phat song, dLYa tin

She is to host a new half-hour

show which will be broadcast
every weekday evening.

the latest information (n)

thong tin m&i nhat

In today's fast-paced business culture,

the "right" time often means
immediate access to the latest
information.

misinformation (n)
thong tin sai l ch
* misleading information (n): thong tin
c6 tfnh djnh hLY&ng sai l ch What people have heard of
Muslim is often characterized by
misinformation and stereotypes.

216 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 I v'l_v_o cA_e_Jf_fR_ _ R _ E _ V _ IE W _
1

Exercise 1: Use words from above to match the following meanings.

1. causing someone to believe something that is not true: ......................................

2. newest or most recent: .....................................

3. send out a programme on television or radio or over the Internet: ........................

Exercise 2: Group the following newspapers into 4 categories (you may need to
look up what the magazine is about and how it is published).

People Magazine Conde Nast The New York Revolution

Traveler Times Magazine

Broadsheets Tabloids

Niche Magazines

Lifestyle Magazines

Exercise 3: Pick the best substitute for the words given.

1. the latest information

A. news hub
B. news feed C. topical news D. newsflash

2. misinformation

A. disinformation
B. unfounded rumors C. stigmas D. prejudices

3. the press

A. journalism
B. broadsheets C. media moguls D. multimedia
4. broadcast

A. transmit
B. transfer C. beam D. air

5. coverage

A. frequency
B. investigation C. reportage D. screen time

216 \ HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 217
 'SAMPLE

There is no denying that the world is facing a host of serious problems. As media platforms
proliferate, many of these problems have garnered a reat deal o publicity. However, some
people argue that the tendency to cover mostly bad news of the media actually has a negative
influence on each person and society as a whole. I completely agree with this view.

On the personal level, excessive ex osure to bad news has several harmful effects. First, it
takes a heavy toll on our mental health. Life with its responsibilities is stressful enough as it is,
and learning more about negative things that go on such as the a@alling state of pollution and
gloomy economic outlooks makes us even more stressed out and pessimistic, which in serious
cases could result in depression.
Second, bad news is often blown out of proportion and therefore prevents people from trying
new things. For instance, while planes are statistically speaking the safest mode of transport,
reports of plane crashes often give news readers a aistorted impression and cause them to be
averse to flying.

The adverse effects that bad news has on individuals could lead to far-reaching
repercussions on the societal level. First, bad news could contribute to the brain drain
phenomenon. When people are bombarded with a barrage of news about qys unctional
things that go on with their country, they naturally would hold a grfm view about the
prospect of the nation and want to move elsewhere. In addition,
negative public sentiment spurred by bad news could be a fatal blow to businesses. The
incident of a vanished aircraft that belonged to Malaysian airline perfectly exemplifies this
situation. While technically not the airline's fault, its sales plummeted after the event was
covered extensively on both local and international press.

In conclusion, while negative news reports do help us become more alert to ongoing problems
and dangers, I am convinced that they are, to some extent, harmful to individuals and society.

327 words, written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER 05- MEDIA I 217

 I TRANSLATION

Khong the phu nh$n rang the gi&i dang df>i m:;it v&i rat nhieu van de nghiem trong. Do
SI,!' gia tang ch6ng m:;it cua cac nen tang truyen thong, nh[mg van de nay da gianh dU'Q'C rat
nhieu SI,!' quan tam cua cong chung. Tuy nhien, mot s6 ngU'O'i I$p lu$n rang XU hU'&ng chi t$p
trung dU'a nhfrng tin xau cua truyen thong thl,l'c SI,!' dang anh hll'6'ng tieu Cl,l'C t&i moi ca nhan
cung nhll' toan xa h(>i. Toi hoan toan d6ng y v&i quan diem nay.

CJ mU'c de) ca nhan, vi$c tiep xuc v&i qua nhieu tin tU'c xau c6 m(>t sf> tac d(>ng c6 h,;1i. 0au
tien, n6 anh hU'6'ng n:;ing ne t&i SLl'C kh6e tinh than. Cu(>c s6ng v&i bao trach nhi$m v6n da
cang thang, va tim hieu them ve nhfrng dieu tieu Cl,l'C dang dien ra nhll' tinh tr9ng o nhiem

khung khiep cua moi trU'ong hay vien canh kinh te am d9m lam
chung ta th$m chf con cang thang va bi quan hon, trong tmong hQ'p xau c6 the dan
den tram cam. ThU' hai, cac tin tU'c xau thll'ong bi th6i ph6ng len nhieu Ian va do d6, ngan
ch:;in con ngll'<Yi thll' SLl'C v&i nhfrng dieu m&i me. Vf dl,l, theo thf>ng ke ma n6i, m:;ic du
may bay la phU'ong tiE;ln v$n chuyen an toan nhat nhll'ng cac bao cao ve nhfrng
VI) dam may bay thll'ong mang l,;1i cho ngll'<Yi d9c an tll'Q'ng sai I$ch va gay cho hQ ac cam v&i
vi$c bay.

Nhfrng anh hll'6'ng bat IQ'i ma tin xau tac d(>ng len cac ca nhan c6 the Ian den nhfrng h$ I1,Jy
sau r(>ng 6' cap de) xa h(>i. 0au tien, tin xau c6 the g6p phan gay nen hi$n tll'Q'ng chay mau chat
xam. Khi m9i ngll'oi bi "d(>i" m(>t lo9t tin tU'c ve nhfrng dieu bat thll'<Yng xay ra 6' dat nU'&c
hQ, hQ se ti,!' c6 cai nhin nghi$t nga ve vien canh cua qu6c gia va mu6n chuyen den noi khac.
Them nfra, tam ly tinh cam tieu Cl,l'C cua cong chung bi
khuay len b6'i tin xau c6 the la m(>t don chf m 9ng cho cac doanh nghi$p. Vl,l may bay mat tfch
cua hang hang kh6ng Malaysia la vf dl,l tieu bieu cho tinh hu6ng nay. M:;ic du, thl,l'c te ma n6i,
day khong phai la loi cua hang hang khong nay nhll'ng doanh s6 cua
hang da giam m,;1nh sau khi SI,!' ki$n nay dU'Q'C dU'a tin r(>ng rai tren bao chf ca trong va ngoai
nll'O'C.

T6m l,;1i, du cac ban tin tieu Cl,l'C c6 the giup chung ta tr6' nen canh giac hon v&i nhfrng van de
va hiem nguy dang dien ra, toi tin rang 6' m(>t mU'c de) nao d6, chung c6 anh hU'6'ng khong t6t t&i
ca nhan va xa h(>i.

218 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
garner publicity (v)
to get public attention

The book didn't garner much publicity

when it was published.

exposure (n)
the state of possibly being affected by something
such as a substance or influence

The city's youths need more exposure

to positive role models.

appalling (a)
shocking and very bad

Conditions in the prison are said to be

appalling.

sentiment (n) people's opinions or feelings about a situation,

especially the likely future direction of a financial
market, the economy, etc.

Analysts said market sentiment for the time

being appears positive.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 219

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
stress sb out (v)
to make someone feel very nervous and
worried

Interviews always stress me out.

blow sth out of proportion (v)

to treat a particular event or problem far too
seriously

When the papers get hold of a story, it's

blown out of all proportion.

statistically speaking
in a way that relates to statistics

Statistically speaking, women are

about two times more likely to develop
a depression than men.

distort (v) to change something so that it is false or

wrong, or no longer means what it was
intended to mean

I believe the press have distorted

the situation.

220 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
-1 GENERAL VOCABULARY
averse (a)
strongly disliking or opposed to

Few politicians are averse to appearing

on television.

repercussion (n)
consequence

Brexit has had palpable

repercussions for the UK
economy.

brain drain (n) the situation in which large numbers of

educated and very skilled people leave
their own country to live and work in
another one where pay and conditions are
better

Vietnam has suffered a huge brain

drain in recent years.

bombard (v) to direct so many things at someone that

they find it difficult to deal with them

The children bombarded her with

questions.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 221

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
a barrage of
a great number of complaints, criticisms,
or questions suddenly directed at
someone

The TV station has received a

barrage of complaints about the
amount of violence in the series.

dysfunctional (a)
not behaving or working normally A

dysfunctional family unit is

one of the root causes of criminal
behaviour.

grim (a)
worrying, without hope
* hold grim view about something:
have negative thinking about Experts have been giving grim
something predictions for the future of the
company.

222 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

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I GENERAL VOCABULARY
spur (v) to encourage an activity or development
or make it happen faster

Rising consumer sales have the effect

of spurring the economy to faster
growth.

blow to something (n) an unexpected event that has a

damaging effect on someone or
something

Losing his job was a crushing blow

to his confidence.

plummet(v) to fall very quickly and suddenly

House prices have plummeted in

recent months.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 223

 VOCABUG--E=-NLAE-R=-A=-L-

R----=E--=V=---I=-
RV=
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer.
,

E----W-=---cc=--=-
1........................................by her early success, she went on to write four more novels
in rapid succession.
A. Motived B. Spurred C. Caused D. Stemmed
2. The Internet and related technologies have caused the cost of communication and
transactions to .............................
A. escalate B. stabilize C. plummet D. level off
3. Standards in education have received much ........ years.
........over the last few
A. publicity B. reputation C. publishing D. popularity
4. It will be a devastating.................................to the local community if the factory closes.
A. pull
B. push C. whisper D. blow
5. The meal was a rip-off and the service was ........................ .
A. spectacular B. satisfying C. appalling D. adequate

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. Applying SEO to a poorly designed and...........................web site is futile.

Meaning: not working normally

2. Consumers today are..........................with a barrage of advertisements from

businesses trying to promote their products to the general public.
Meaning: direct too many things at someone

3. In Vietnam, a higher tax rate on New Zealand imported milk could sway consumers to
local brands such as TH True Milk or Vinamilk, given the fact that most Vietnamese
are......................................................to high prices.
Meaning: strongly disliking

4. Learners of foreign tongues definitely benefit from being...............................to the culture

of the language.
Meaning: create conditions that allow someone to have the opportunity to learn or
experience new things

5. Comedy is a.......................of what is happening, and there will always be something

happening.
Meaning: a change to the intended or true meaning of something

224 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 03. Advertising are becoming more and more common in
everyday life. Is it a positive or negative development?
'I

l"'- 0
1_00_ 1c_oT_IE_uA_c_.,_c @
Y 2 - dJt vin di ve
Y3- tfo nen m9t xa h9i tieu
v 1 - gay phiin toai s..,chan th,t cua
dung lang phi
thong tin
Quang cao lam
gian do n nhll'ng gi ch(mg * Quang cao OU'Q'C * Ai nhin quang cao nhiflu
ta doc, nghe ho c xem. ngl)y trang bang cac cling se muon mua
Vf di): quang cao
bai bao tU'&ng nhll' nhll'ng san ph§m m&i du
tren YouTube, TV, bao chf,
v.v. cung c p thong tin kh6ng c§n thiilt.
nao d6 hll'u fch,
nhll'ng thvc ra m1,1c
* Vf d1,1: qu§n ao, d6
c6ng ngh , v.v.
tieu la ti€lp thi m9t
san ph§m nao d6. * Th6i quen tieu dung
nay se d n t&i nhi€lu sv
lang phf va anh hll'&ng n
ng n€l t&i m6i trU'cmg
trong tll'ang lai.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 225

....... -I TOPIC VOCABULARY
advertising/ advertisements (n)
quang cao
* promotion (n): chU'ang trlnh khuyim
mai, chi n IU'Q'C quang cao
* commercial break (n): quang cao giO,a gia
chi u (tren TV ho c dai)
* advertorial spread (n): cac trang quang
cao (tren bao ho c tc;1p chf)
* incessant promotional campaign: cac
chi n djch quang cao khong d(pt

the growing popularity of advertising (n)

* [advertisements] become visible almost
Sl.J' pho bi n ngay cang tang cua
quang cao
everywhere: [quang cao] c6 thll dU'Q'C
nhln thay & m9i nai
* [advertisements] appear with increasing
frequency: [quang cao] xuat hi n v&i
t n suat ngay cang tang
* be routinely exposed to advertisements:
thll'ang xuyen ti p xuc v&i quang cao
* permeate (v): Ian t6a, ngam, len I6i
* the omnipresence of advertising (n): sv
c6 m t & khap m9i nai cua quang cao
* the ubiquity of advertising (n): Sl.J' pho
bi n r(lng khap cua quang cao

226 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

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 TOPIC VOCABULARY
saturated market (n)
thi tmong bao hoa
* homogeneous products (n): cac san
ph§m gi6ng nhau
* brand awareness (n): d9 nhc;1n di$n
thU'O'ng hi$u
* marketing budget (n): ngan sach cho
marketing

ad-free content (n)

* media consumers (n): nhCrng ngLI'oi
n9i dung khong chll'a quang cao

tieu thl,J san ph§m truy§n thong

* media content (n): n◊i dung tren cac
phU'O'ng Mn truy§n thong

consumerism (n)
chu nghTa tieu dung
* a throw-away society (n): xa h9i
VLl't b6
* wastage (n): SI! lang phf

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 227

 " REVIEW TOPI
VOCABULAR C
into?
Y
Exercise 1: What category of advertising do the following examples fall

1. Swiss watch manufacturer Patek Phillipe paying a lifestyle magazine for two full pages
showcasing a new timepiece: ................................

2. Fast-fashion behemoth Zara starting a new hashtag on lnstagram to raise

awareness on their new season's collection: .................................

3. A billboard ad for a law firm: ...............................

4. Doritos advertising their new chip flavor at halftime of Super Bowl: .......................

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word. You may need to modify
the form of the word.

1. Technology has....................................our daily life. It is difficult to think of a human

activity that is not augmented by some form of technological innovation.

2. Amsterdam is among the world's most eco-friendly cities. Here, bikes are ...........
......................................, solar panels are installed on most houses and the local
government is constantly pushing toward sustainability.

3. Theft in the neighborhood is occurring with increasing............................................, which is

troubling both the residents and the authorities.

4. Taylor Swift's rise to prominence is an extraordinary story. She used to be a klutz in

school, but in the span of just a little over a decade she has morphed into an
.....................................cultural icon.

228 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
As markets become increasingly saturated and competition between players offering
homogeneous products is more intense than ever before, raising brand awareness is of the
essence. To this end, advertisements have necessarily been heavily employed, resulting in
them becoming visible almost everywhere. In my opinion, the omnipresence of advertising is
a negative development.

First of all, the fact that advertising appears with increasing frequency is a nui nce.
Nowadays, it permeates virtually everything we watch, read or listen to: YouTube videos are
intermittent y interrupted by promotions, TV shows are frequently hijacked by commercial
breaks, and readers of newspapers and magazines have been decrying advertorial spreads
taking a greater portion of print publications. It just seems impossible to enjoy ad-free content
in this day and age.

Second, the insatiable desire to peddle products not only ineonveniences media consumers but
also sabotages the integrity of media content. In fact, many of the so called articles on news
outlets nowadays are actually engineered to get na·1ve readers to buy something instead of
informing them of anything suos antive. This calls into question the validity of the information
that reaches us every day.

On a grander scale, the ubiquity of advertising breeds excessive consumerism and

contributes to a throw-away society. No matter how discerning a consumer is, when one is
routinely exposed to advertisements, he or she will get the constant urge to purchase the
items advertised even if there is no real need for them. This incentivizes manufacturers to
ramp up production as well as marketing budget to
push purportedly new and exciting products, resulting in even greater wastage. This vicious
cycle manifests itself starkly in such industries as apparel or electronic goods, where incessant
promotional campaigns try to sway customers into discarding the items they currently have for
new, improved, more fashionable offerings. It is easy to see how this kind of consumer
behavior will spell disaster for the environment in the foreseeable future.

In conclusion, the growing popularity of advertising has numerous negative implications for
both individuals and the environment. It is imperative that stringent regulations regarding
when and where a company can advertise be put in place in order to mitigate these problems.

361 words, written by Tung Dang

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 229

 'TRANSLATION

Khi th! trLJ'ang ngay cang bao hoa va CUQC c mh tranh gi[l'a nh[l'ng nha cung dip cac san ph§m
gi6ng nhau tr6' nen kh6c li$t han bao gia het, tang d(> nh n di$n thtJ'O'ng hi$u la dieu c6t yeu. Oe
c6 dU'Q'C dieu nay, nh§t thiet phai SU' d1,mg nhieu den quang cao, dan den vi$c quang cao tr6'
nen h[l'u hinh 6' h§u het m9i nai. Theo toi, SI! hi$n di$n khap chf>n cua quang cao la m(>t phat
trien tieu Cl,J'C.

TrU'6'c het, vi$c quang cao xuat hi$n v6'i t§n suat ngay cang tang la m(>t Sl,I' phien toai. Ngay nay,
n6 len 16i vao h§u het m9i thU' chung ta xem, d9c hoc;1c nghe: Gae video tren YouTube bi ngat
quang lien t1,1c b6'i cac chU'ang trinh khuyen mai, cac chU'ang trinh truyen hinh thU'ang xuyen bi
gian doc;1n b6'i cac quang cao gi[l'a gia chieu va d(>c gia cua cac ta bao cung nhU' tc;1p chf phan
nan ve cac trang quang cao chiem ph§n 16'n cac an ph§m giay. DU'ang nhU' khong the thU'6'ng
thU'c nh[l'ng n(>i dung ma khong c6 quang cao trong thai dc;1i ngay nay.

ThU' hai, khao khat vo hc;1n trong vi$c ban hang khong chi gay bat ti$n cho nh[l'ng ngU'ai tieu
th1,1 san ph§m truyen thong ma con pha hoc;1i Sl,J' chan thl,J'C cua n(>i dung truyen thong. Tren
thl,J'c te, thU' dU'Q'c tc;1m g9i la bai bao tren cac phU'ang ti$n bao chf ngay nay thl,J'C ra la
dU'Q'C thiet ke de khien nh[l'ng d(>c gia ngay tha mua thU' gi d6 thay vi cung cap cho hQ thong tin
thl,l'c chat. Oieu nay dc;1t ra cau h6i ve tfnh dung dan cua thong tin den v6'i chung ta moi ngay.

0 quy mo 16'n han, Sl,J' ph6 bien r(>ng khap cua quang cao sinh ra chu nghTa tieu dung thai qua va
g6p ph§n vao m(>t xa h(>i "v(pt b6". Du ngU'ai tieu dung c6 sac sao den dau, khi ngU'ai nay
thU'ang xuyen tiep xuc v6'i quang cao, anh ta hoc;1c co ta se luon bi thoi thuc phai mua cac mc;1t
hang dU'Q'C quang cao ngay ca khi khong c6 nhu c§u thl,J'C Sl,J'.
Oieu nay khuyen khfch cac nha san xuat gia tang san xuat cung nhU' ngan sach tiep th! de thuc
d§y cac san ph§m c6 ve la m6'i va thu vi, dan den th m chf la nhieu Sl,J' lang phf han. Vong
lu§n qu§n nay the hi$n r6 trong cac nganh cong nghiep nhU' may mc;1c hoc;1c hang di$n tLl',
nai cac chien djch quang cao khong c6 diem dLl'ng c6 gang tac d(>ng den khach hang de hQ
vU't b6 cac mc;1t hang hi$n c6 de sam cac san ph§m m6'i, cai tien han, hqp thai han. Th t de
dang de thay kieu hanh vi tieu dung nay se gay ra tham h9a cho moi trU'ang trong tU'ang lai
g§n.

T6m lc;1i, Sl,J' ph6 bien ngay cang tang cua quang cao c6 nhieu tac d(>ng tieu Cl,J'C t6'i ca nhan va
moi trLPang. Oieu quan tr9ng la cac quy djnh nghiem ngc;1t ve thai gian va dja diem ma m(>t cong
ty c6 the quang cao phai dU'Q'C ap d1,1ng de giam thieu nh[l'ng van de nay.

230 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
I GENERAL VOCABULARY
of the essence (idm)
extremely important

The new virus is wrea n h vo on many

countries and so far has claimed many lives.
For scientists, time is of the essence.

to use
employ (v)
The offence and defense tactics that FC
Barcelona employs are sow I• thought-
out that they are pretty much unassailable,
at least in the domestic league.

something annoying

Noisy neighbors are a nuisance that

nuisance (n) , I,
many people in Vietnam have to deal

• with.

occurring regularly but not continuously

Josh Brolin has had intermittent

intermittently (adv)
success with acting, but it was not until
his role as Thanos in the global
blockbuster Avengers did he truly hit the
mainstream.

to steal, interrupt

hijack (v) The day when Kanye West hijacked Taylor

Swift's MTV Video Music Awards
acceptance speech will go down in history as
one of the most defining pop culture
moments.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA\ 231

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
decry (v)
to complain

More and more people are becoming

vegetarian and decrying meat
production, claiming it to be one of the, if
not the, most environmentally destructive
human activities.

portion (n)
amount

Tech companies are not always

immediately profitable. Often times, they
have to reinvest a sizeable portion of
their earnings into scaling up their
operations.

insatiable (n)
cannot be satisfied

China has an insatiable appetite for

branded goods, which makes them a
key market for many of the world's
biggest fashion houses.

inconvenience (v) to cause trouble

Construction and redevelopment projects

in preparation for the upcoming
Olympics could greatly inconvenience
the citizens.

sabotage (v) to damage, destroy

New evidence has come to the fore which

threatens to sabotage his political career.

232 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
integrity (n)
quality

Freshly caught seafood is flash-frozen before

being exported to preserve their integrity.

to arrange something so that it serves a

engineer (v)
particular purpose

Self-driving cars are engineered

to follow traffic laws, so they could
technically help reduce traffic violations and
make roads safer.

important, related to facts

substantive (a)

I was really looking forward to the talk,

but it turned out to be a bust. The
speaker ended up talking about mostly
superficial knowledge that people are likely
already familiar with instead of sharing
something substantive.

to make people doubt something

call into question (v)
Failure to contain the wildfire calls into
question the city council's competence.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 233

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
breed (v)
to create something bad

The state's decision to allow deforestation

in this area could potentially breed
environmental catastrophes down the
line.

ramp up (v)
to boost

He must ramp up support in rural areas

if he hopes to win the election come
November.

push (v)
to try to sell something

The store carries a plethora of brands, but

each season it focuses on pushing only a
small number of brands.

purportedly (adv) appears be true on the surface, what it seems

to people

The couple purportedly had a fallout, but

I surmise this is just a PR stunt.

234 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
a situation when a problem leads to
vicious cycle (n)
another problem that makes it more
difficult to solve the original problem

People who get themselves into debt are

usually trapped in a vicious cycle of
indebting themselves further to service
previous loans.

sway (v) to persuade

Thanks to the Internet, consumers have

become more and more discerning and no
longer easily swayed by marketing
campaigns.

imperative (a) important, necessary

s imperative that schools educate

teenagers on safe sex in order to prevent
teen pregnancy.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 235

Iv' l_v_o_ci_i_ [_::_ _R_E_V_I_E W _
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences using the words given.

1. He failed in the end because he wanted too much power.

-+ (insatiable) .............................................................................................
2. Some people may find the way it rains for a bit, then stops for a bit, then rains again here
annoying.
-+ (intermittent) .............................................................................................

3. Misinformation about the virus outbreak is spreading fast. I don't know what to believe

on the Internet anymore.

-+ (call into question) ..................................................................................... .
4. My friend had my phone and decided to pull a prank by posting a very embarrassing picture
of me on my lnstagram.
-+ (hijack) .....................................................................................................
5. We must give women more opportunities to assume managerial positions.

-+ (imperative - passive voice) .........................................................................

Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank.

1. For the players, time is of the ..................

A. fundamental B. importance C. crucial D.essence

2. The fact that the city council decided to...................................the help of a world-renowned

architect speaks to the significance of the building.

A. enlist B. employ C. deploy D. hire

3. The...........................restored his vision and, for the first time, in his life he was able to
behold the resplendent beauty of his beloved.

A. potion B. portion C. proportion D. proportionate

4. The car has been damaged to the point where it is impossible to be ............

A. sabotaged B.savaged C. salvaged D. salivated

5. Unresolved differences could..................................to deep-seated hatred.

A. give birth B. breed C. result D. turn

236 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 04. Some people believe what children watch on TV influences
their behavior. Some say it is the amount of time watching
'I
television that influences their behavior.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

I PHAN BleN (60/40)

QUAN DIEM 1 QUAN DIEM 2

N(>i dung tren tivi anh hLP6'ng t6'i

Thai IU'Q'ng xem tivi anh hU'6'ng t6'i
hanh vi cua tre nho.
hanh vi cua tre nho.

* L p lu n 1: Tre em hay bat chU'&c

* Thay d6i: Xem nhi€lu tivi khi€!n tre
nhCmg thll' chung thay hay, va tren
tra nen tht,J d(>ng.
tivi c6 nhiflu n(>i dung nhll' v y.

* Vi d1,1: Cac cau n6i tren chll'ang trlnh • Phan bac: Anh hll'ang nay khong
truyen hlnh, bai hat tren quang l&n bang anh hll'ang cua n(>i dung
cao, nhO>ng hanh vi bt;10 ll)'c Chll'O'ng trlnh.

* L p lu n 2: NhO>ng n(>i dung tren * L p lu n 1: Tre em ngay nay tra

tivi c6 the djnh hlnh suy nghT cua
nen tht,J d(>ng khong chi do tivi ma
tre nh6.
con do nhO>ng hlnh thll'c giai tri khac
* Vi d1,1: Xem phim sieu nhan, tre se nhll' tr6 chai di$n tll' hoc;3c mt;1ng xa
dfln tham OU'Q'C cac bai hQc ve tinh h(>i.
than dong d(>i, SI! nghTa hi$p, cai thi$n
luon thang cai ac. Xem cac phim cong
* L p lu n 2: Tre em c6 th€! bat
chU'&c hanh vi ngay khi nhln thay chll'
chua cua Disney, tre em, ac;3c bi$t la be
khong can phai xem nhi€lu m&i bat
gai, se bi anh hll'ang each an mi;IC, CU'
chU'&c.
chi cung nhll' vai tro cua ngll'6'i pht,J
nO> trong xa h(>i.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 237

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
behavioral development (n)
Sl.J' phat trilln hanh vi
* how children act and think: each tre
hanh d(>ng va suy nghT
* the way children talk and behave
toward others: each tre n6i nang va CU'
XLI' v&i ngLI'ai khac
* moral code (n): quy ttlc dc;10 dll'c
* belief system (n): he tU' tU'&ng

attention-grabbing (a)
gi t gan, thu hut Sl.J' chu y
* parrot (a): nhc;1i lc;1i
* mimic (a): btlt chU'O'C

catchphrases (a)
nh[rng cau n6i thong d1,1ng/
cau khau hieu trong cac chU'ang trlnh
tivi

jingle (n)
nhc;1c dieu (quang cao)

display of violence (n)

canh bc;1011,J'C

nudity (n) Sl,I' kh6a than/ hlnh anh kh6a than

238 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
franchise (n)
chuoi phim

light-hearted entertainment (n)

giai tri dan thuan

preteen audience (n)

khan gia chlJ'a den tu6i thanh thieu
nien

screen time (n)

thai gian ng6i tm&c man hinh

physical activity level (n)

* sedentary lifestyle (n): 16i s6ng thv dong
* reluctance to participate in physical
activities: Sl,J' mien CU'O'ng tham gia cac
hoc;it dong the ch t

studies have suggested a correlation between

cac nghien CU'U da chi ra c6 mot
A and B
m6i tll'ang quan giO,a Ava B

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 239

 TOPIC
REVIEW
" VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Find a more concise word/ expression for the following
concepts.

Explanation Word/ Expression

1. repeat exactly what other people say

2. the things that a person or society deem right and just

3. a series of movies that revolve around the same character or

group of characters

4. individuals aged below 13

5. the amount of time a person spends watching TV or" using

their smartphones

Exercise 2: Are the following examples of correlation or causation?

1. watching violence on TV and violent behaviors in adolescence - correlation/

causation

2. height and weight - correlation/ causation

3. an increase in sales of face mask and an increase in negative news about the
coronavirus - correlation/ causation

4. an increase in crime and an increase in demand for banh chlmg - correlation/

causation

5. sending too many newsletters and customers unsubscribing - correlation/ causation

240 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

The evidence is good that watching TV has a profound impact on children's behavioral
development. However, people remain divided over whether it is the content or the duration
over which children sit in front of the television that affects their behavior. In this answer, I
will look at the impacts that each factor exerts on young viewers before concluding that what
children watch on TV plays a greater role in shaping how they act and think than how much
they actually watch it.

The images that children see on TV no doubt Explanation their behaviors. The young tend
to imitate whatever captivates them, and the attention-grabbing nature of television
facilitates this tendency. For example, children are quick to parrot catchphrases on their
favorite shows, or the lyrics to a catchy jingle. By the same token, displays of violence could
insti te aggressive behaviors, while nudity could incite prematurei interest in the opposite
sex.

On a more profound level, the things that children witness on television will subliminally
shape their very moral codes and belief systems. For example, Power Rangers and other
superhero franchises, while originally created as light hearted entertainment, manage to
impart to their preteen audience lessons about teamwork, altruism or the eventual triumph
of good over evil. Another example is
Disney's princess-themed series, which inadvertently dictate to young girls how they should
look and who they should aspire to be in life. These influences will manifest themselves in the
way children talk and behave toward others.

On the other hand, we cannot discount the effect that screen time has on children,
particularly their physical activity level. In fact, studies have suggested a strong correlation
between TV watching and a sedentary lifestyle. However, I believe this effect is tenuous
compared to the ones described above. First, children do not spend as much time watching
TV as they did in the past in light of newly invented distractions such as smartphones, video
games or even social media, all of which contribute to their reluctance to participate in
physical activities. Second, it may not take repeated encounters for children to mimic the
actions, language or fashion they see on TV, especially something graphic or jarring, which
could be ingrained in children's minds for years even if they only experience it momentarily.

In conclusion, what children see on TV and how much they watch it both affect the way they
behave, but the farmer's impact is significantly greater.

404 words, written by Tung Dang

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 241

 I TRANSLATION

C6 nhCrng bang ch(rng dang tin c y ve vi$c xem tivi c6 tac dong sau sac den SV' phat trien
hanh vi cua tre. Tuy nhien, van c6 y kien bat dong ve vi$c li$u noi dung hay thai lll'Q'ng tre
ngoi tm&c tivi c6 anh hU'ang t&i hanh vi cua cac em. Trang cau tra lai nay, toi
se xem xet cac tac dong ma moi yeu t6 gay ra cho khan gia nh6 tu6i tm&c khi di den ket lu n
rang nhCrng gi tre xem tren tivi c6 vai tr6 l&n hO'n trong vi$c djnh hinh each cac em hanh dong
va suy nghT so v&i viec cac em thl)'c SV' xem tivi trong bao lau.

NhCrng hinh anh ma tre nhin thay tren tivi chac chan anh hU'ang den hanh vi cua cac em. Tre
c6 XU hll'&ng bat chU'O'C bat CU' dieu gi cu6n hut chung, va ban chat thu hut Sl)' chu y cua
truyen hinh da t9o dieu ki$n cho xu hll'&ng nay. Vf dl,J, tre nhanh ch6ng nh9i
I9i nhCrng cau khau hi$u trong chll'O'ng trinh yeu thfch, ho$c lai bai hat cho mot nh 9c di$u
quang cao bat tai. Tll'O'ng tl,J' nhll' v y, cac man b,;10 ll)'c c6 the kfch dong nhCrng hanh vi
hung han, trong khi hinh anh kh6a than c6 the kfch thfch ham mu6n s&m d6i v&i ngll'ai khac
gi&i.

(J m(rc do sau xa hO'n, nhCrng dieu ma tre ch(rng kien tren truyen hinh se djnh hinh trong
nhCrng quy tac d,;10 d(rc va h$ tll' tll'ang tiem th(rc cua cac em. Vf dl,l, Power Rangers va cac
thU'O'ng hi$u sieu anh hung khac, du ban dau dU'Q'C t,;10 ra nhll' mot hinh th(rc giai trf nh
nhang, da c6 gang truyen tai cac bai h9c cho nhCrng khan gia dll'&i 13 tu6i ve tinh than dong
doi, long vi tha ho$c chien thang cu6i cung cua cai thi$n d6i v&i cai ac. Mot vf dl,l khac la lo9t
phim c6 chu de ve cac co cong chua cua Disney da vo tinh
huan thi cho cac be gai ve di$n m9o cua cac em va mau ngll'ai ma cac em nen khao
khat tr6' thanh trong cuoc s6ng. NhCrng tac dong nay se the hi$n 6' each tre n6i nang va CU'
XU' v&i ngU'O'i khac.

M$t khac, chung ta khong the coi nh tac dong cua thai gian ngoi tm&c man hinh t&i tre,
d$c bi$t la m(rc do ho9t dong the chat cua cac em. Tren thl)'c te, cac nghien CU'U da cho
thay m6i tll'O'ng quan m,;1nh me giCra viec xem tivi va I6i s6ng ft v n dong.
Tuy nhien, toi tin rang anh hll'ang nay khong la gi so v&i nhCrng gi dll'Q'C mo ta 6' tren. Dau
tien, tre kh6ng danh nhieu thai gian xem tivi nhll' tm&c day b6'i nhCmg m6i phan tam m&i
dU'Q'C phat minh nhll' di$n tho9i thong minh, tr6 chO'i video ho$c th m chf la
phll'O'ng ti$n truyen thong xa hoi, tat ca deu dan den SV' mien Cll'6'ng tham gia cac ho9t
dong the chat cua tre. Th(r hai, tre khong can phai xem nhieu Ian lien tiep m&i c6 the bat chll'&c
nhCrng hanh dong, ngon ngCr ho$c thai trang ma chung thay tren tivi, d$c bi$t la nhCrng th(r
s6ng dong hay gay s6c, c6 the an sau vao tam trf tre trong nhieu nam ngay ca khi cac em chi trai
nghi$m n6 trong giay lat.

T6m l,;1i, nhCrng gi tre nhin thay tren tivi va thai lll'Q'ng xem deu anh hll'6'ng den each cac em
CU' XLI', nhll'ng tac dong cua noi dung I9i l&n hO'n dang ke.

242 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
exert (v)
to have an impact

Some industries are controlled by only a

handful of major corporations that exert a
tremendous amount of influence.

facilitate (v)
to make it easy for something to happen

The town has strict lighting ordinances in

place to facilitate stargazing and
astronomical studies.

captivate (v) to attract someone's attention Lady

Gaga's transition to acting

initially raised some eyebrows, but her
performance in the Bradley-Cooper directed
remake of A Star Is Born captivated even the
most scrupulous of movie critics.

to encourage a bad behavior or feeling; to cause

instigate (v) something to happen

Delinquent students could instigate

rebellion among their classmates.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 243

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
incite (v)
to encourage a bad behavior or feeling

Social media is a double-edged sword: it

can spread positivity just as it can incite
hatred.

premature (a) too soon

The player's premature celebration

ended in utter humiliation as the
opposition made a comeback in the
eleventh hour.

subliminally (adv)
affecting someone in a way that they do not
notice

Viewers are often times oblivious to the

subliminal advertising that is embedded
in the shows they watch.

impart (v) to communicate something to somebody;

to give something a certain quality

The job of a teacher is not to simply

impart knowledge but also to instill in
students a passion for learning.

244 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
altruism (n)
the quality of wanting to help other people

Many philanthropic endeavors do not come

from altruism but rather
self-interest.

triumph (n)
victory

The Vietnam national football team's

triumphs in recent years has rekindled the
citizens' interest in the sport.

inadvertently (adv) accidentally

Parents may inadvertently deter children

from speaking their minds by constantly
disciplining and reprimanding them.

to create a rule or law

dictate (v)
Convention dictates that the guest is not to
begin eating until invited by the host
to do so.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 245

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
aspire (v)
to want to achieve something

Investment banking is a profession that

most finance majors aspire to.

tenuous (a)
insignificant

Given the tenuous link between

physical punishment and obedience, it is
baffling how many parents still resort to
hitting their children.

graphic (a)
containing vivid pictures or details The

movie is rated R for its graphic

portrayals of battles, profanity and
intermittent nudity.

246 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
jarring (a)
shocking

The income disparity in the country is

jarring: never have I seen abject
poverty directly next to extravagant
displays of wealth.

ingrain sth in sb
to make someone remember something for a
long time

His tenure at a Japanese firm ingrained

in him the virtue of hard work and an
obsessive attention to detail.

for a short time

momentary (a)

Students who are cramming for the

university placement exam must bear in
mind that all of this hardship is just
momentary and will be rewarded
handsomely later on.

CHAPTER 05 - MEDIA I 247

 Exercise 1: Find a more advanced substitute for the words in bold.

1. The quirky chair gives a lot of character to the room.

2. The riot was started by a band of dissidents.

3. Sometimes scientific studies stem from a vague connection between two things.

4. Martin Luther King's address in 1963 is one of the most inspiring speeches of all time.

5. For a long time, MTV had a huge influence on how teenagers dress and talk.

Exercise 2: Memorize the following words using the given instructions.

• subliminally - look up the meaning of the prefix 'sub-', then find other words that start with
'sub-'

• dictate - find a popular noun of 'dictate', then draw the connection between these two
words

• aspire - look up the etymology of the word 'aspire', then look up the etymology of other
words that end with '-spire' that you know (for example: inspire)

• ingrain - look up the etymology of the word 'ingrain' and see if Vietnamese has a similar
analogy

• facilitate - find the noun of 'facilitate' and try to draw a connection between these two
words, then look up the etymology of 'facilitate' to see which word 'facilitate' and its noun
form derives from

248 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 I
•

TECHNOLOGY
 01. Scientists predict in the near future, cars will be driven
by computers, not people. Why? Do you think
1 it is a positive or negative development?

1
.-

I NGUYl!!:N NHAN -ANH HU'Cl'NG @

NGUYEN NHAN ANH HU'ONG
[Xu hU'6'ng nay mang den
IQ'i ich ro rtt.J

* Y chinh 1
* Y chinh 1
Con ngU'<Yi luon theo du6i Sil
Tang an toan giao thong
tiE;in IQ'i.

* Giai thich
* Giai thich
Oa s6 tai n1;1n deu do con ngU'<Yi gay
Do v y, o to ti)' lai xu t hiE;in la Sil
ra, do v y xe ti)' lai se giup loc;1i b6
phat trilm ti)' nhien.
cac yliu t6 trong viE;ic lai xe vo trach
nhiE;im.

* Y chinh 2
* Y chinh 2
Sil phat trilln wqt b c ve cong
Giup tang cU'ang phat trilln kinh tli
nghE;i

* Giai thich * Giai thich

M¢t s6 t p aoan l&n aa c6 thanh cong C.jt giam dU'Q'C chi phf v n hanh so
bU'O'C aau trong ViE;lC thU' v&i viE;ic dung tai xli
nghiE;im xe ti)' lai.

250 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
self-driving car (n)
* self-driving vehicle (n): phll'O'ng ti$n
xe o to ti! lai

tl,J' lai
* unmanned automobile (n): (xe) o to
More companies are trying to bring
self-driving cars to the masses than
khong ngll'6'i lai
ever before.
* driverless car(n): (xe) o to khong
Tesla's new autopilot features offer
ngll'6'i lai
a basic autonomous driving feature
* autonomous car (n): (xe) o to lai
that can change lanes, follow other
tl,J' d(>ng
cars and react to trouble.
* self-driving car industry (n): nganh
cong nghi$p o to lai tl,J' d(>ng
* autopilot feature (n): tfnh nang lai tl,J'
d(>ng/ tfnh nang ti! lai
* autonomous driving feature (n): tfnh
nang lai ti! d(>ng

doi m&i nhanh ch6ng cua cong nghi;l

fast-paced technological innovation (n)
* momentous technological leap (n):
Today's fast-paced technological
nhCrng bU'&c nhay vQt v§ cong ngh$
innovations impact all aspects of
quan tr9ng
our lives. Technological
* technological advancement (n): Sl,J' ti n breakthroughs are likely to
b(> cua cong nghi;l
os .on m1
* technological breakthough (n): Sl,J' d(>t
pha v§ cong nghi;l

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 251

 V TOPI
VOCABULA
RY
C REVIE
Exercise 1: Complete the blank with one word from above.
W
1. Self-driving vehicles are cars or trucks in which human drivers are never required to take

control to safely operate the vehicle. Also known as a.................or d................. cars, they

combine sensors and software to control, navigate.and drive the vehicle.

2. Recent a........................in car technology are expected to boost the prospect of self-

driving a......................in the future.

3. Some companies developing and/ or testing a................. feature include Audi, BMW, Ford,

Google, General Motors, Tesla, Volkswagen, and Volvo.

Exercise 2: You will likely have to use a few words with the 'auto-' root in an
essay about self-driving cars. It is useful to distinguish some popular words that
share this prefix.

Fill in the blanks below with the correct 'auto-' words.

autonomy autonomous automation automated autopilot

1. Recent reports of crashes and casualties have cast doubt on the safety of
...............................vehicles.

2. Putting a Tesla on.................................for the first time can be an intimidating

experience, but once you see the vehicle automatically slow down and stop at the red light,
you will feel an immense sense of assurance.

3.................................is supposed to take away human jobs, but curiously employment

has risen steadily over the years.

4. Today, many procedures in factories are carried out by fully ........................... systems,
and the role of humans has shifted to monitoring and quality control.

5. Certain companies have been given the...................................to carry out space research.

252 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
It is predicted that unmanned automobiles will soon become a reality. In this essay,
I will demonstrate that the emergence of driverless cars can be ascribed to a host of factors, and
this development would offer substantial benefits.

There are several justifications for the potential of self-driving cars. Firstly, given mankind's
relentless pursuit of convenience, autonomous cars seem like a natural progression. This desire
is empoldened by momentous technological leaps in recent decades. Initial success of Tesla,
Toyota, among other powerhouses, in trialling autopilot feature, has proved that the prospect of
self-driving vehicles being released and dominating highways would soon no longer science
fantasy.

I believe that the benefits that autonomous cars could bring to individuals and economic
development are plain. It is widely acknowledged that the vast majority of traffic
accidents are the result of human error. Therefore, relegating humans to passenger status,
which helps eliminate reckless behaviors such as drunk driving, road rage, or speeding,
could save thousands of lives every year. Increased road safety aside, self-driving car
industry could be a game changer that will boost
economic growth, as it helps cut down operating costs, for example salary, training, liability
insurance, associated with human drivers.

In conclusion, human natural desire and fast-paced technological innovations are the key
tfriving forces for the advent of driverless cars, and I am convinced that this type of vehicle,
once popularized and optimized, would contribute to road safety and economic growth.

252 words, written by Phuong Dang

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 253

 I TRANSLATION

NglJ'CYi ta dl,I' doan rang nh[rng chiec xe o to khong ngll'6'i lai se s6'm tr& thanh hiE;m thl,l'C.
Trong bai lu$n nay, toi se ch(mg minh rang Sl,I' xu§t hiE;in cua nhO,ng chiec xe khong ngll'6'i
lai nay co thfl la ket qua cua r§t nhieu yeu to, va SI! phat trifln nay se dem den nhO,ng IQ'i fch
dang kfl.

Co m('>t so ly do giai thfch cho tiem nang cua xe o to tl,I' lai. Oau tien, xet den mll'u cau SI! tit
%!n IQ'i khong ng(mg cua con ngll'6'i, nhO,ng chiec xe lai tl,I' d('>ng co ve la m('>t tien b('> thuc;1n
tl,I' nhien. Mong muon nay dll'Q'C thuc d§y b&i nhO,ng bll'O'C nhay v9t ve cong nght%! quan tr9ng
trong nh[rng th$p ky gan day. Thanh cong ban dau cua Tesla, Toyota cung nhO,ng t$p doan 16'n
khac trong vit%!c thll' nghit%!m tfnh nang lai tl,I' d('>ng, da ch(mg minh rang trifln v9ng cua cac
phll'O'ng tit%!n tl,I' lai dll'Q'C dll'a ra thi tm6'ng va thong tri cac con dll'6'ng quoc I('> se khong con
la khoa hQc gia tll'&ng.

Toi tin rang nhO,ng IQ'i fch ma xe o to lai tl,I' d('>ng co thfl mang l,;1i cho cac ca nhan va cho SI!
phat trifln kinh te la hien nhien. Phan 16'n cac VI) tai n,;1n giao thong la do sai ph,;1m cua con
ngll'6'i la SI! tMt dll'Q'c cong nh$n r('>ng rai. Do do, dc;1t con ngll'6'i vao vi the hanh khach giup
lo<;1i b6 cac hanh vi kho kiem soat nhll' lai xe khi say xin, cau gi$n khi lai xe tren dll'6'ng hoc;1c
VLl'Q't toe d('>, co thfl CLl'U song hang ngan m<;1ng ngll'O'i moi nam. Oc;1t v§n de tang CLl'6'ng
an toan dll'6'ng b('> sang m('>t ben, nganh cong nghiE;!p o to tl,I' lai co the la m('>t yeu to lam thay
df>i cu('>c chO'i, giup thuc d§y tang tm&ng kinh te, vi no giup dt giam chi phf vc;1n hanh lien
quan den tai xe nhll' tien ILl'O'ng, chi phf dao t,;10, bao hiem trach nhit%!m phap ly.

Tom l,;1i, khao khat tl,I' nhien cua con ngll'6'i va SI! d6i m6'i nhanh chong ve cong nght%! la nhO,ng
d('>ng 11,l'c chfnh cho SI! ra d6'i cua nhO,ng chiec xe khong ngll'6'i lai va toi tin rang lo,;1i phll'O'ng
tit%!n nay, m('>t khi dll'Q'C phf> bien va toi Ll'U hoa, se dong gop vao an toan dll'6'ng b('> va tang
tm&ng kinh te.

254 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL

1
 GENERAL VOCABULARY
emergence (n)
the process of starting to exist or becoming
known

The annual competition has encouraged the

emergence of several talented young
musicians.

be ascribed to (n)
be the result of something

The phenomenal success of this product can

be ascribed to brilliant marketing strategies.

the act of changing to the next stage of

progression (n)
development

There were limited opportunities for

career progression in my job.

embolden (v) to make someone brave or willing to take

more risks

Emboldened by her earlier success, Lynn's

recent work has been even more imaginative.

CHAPTER06-TECHNOLOGY\255
I GENERAL VOCABULARY
prospect (n)
the possibility that something good
might happen in the future

There seems little prospect of the

weather improving.

plain (a)
obvious and clear to understand

I made it quite plain that I wasn't

interested.

relegate (v)
* relegate humans to passenger
to put someone or something into a lower or
less important rank or position
status: put the driver to the
position of the passenger She was then relegated to the role of
assistant.

reckless behavior (n)

behavior that are dangerous and not
worrying about the risks and the
possible results

The police charged the driver with

reckless driving.

sth aside
in addition to something

Death aside, there are also thousands

of people having respiratory problems
due to air pollution.

256 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I GENERAL VOCABULARY
game changer (n)
something such as a product or event that
affects a situation or area of business very
much

The hit show has been a game

changer for the network.

boost economic growth (v)

to increase economic growth

Tourism has played an important role in

boosting Vietnam's economic growth.

someone or something that has the power

driving force behind/for sth
to make things happen

Making money is the driving force

behind most businesses.

to make something become popular

popularize (v)
Television has an important role to
play in popularizing new scientific
ideas.

to make something as good as possible We

optimize (v)
need to optimize our use of
the existing technology.

CHAPTER06-TECHNOLOGYl257
 Exercise 1: Find a better expression for the underlined parts among the words
listed above. You may have to change the form of the word to match the
sentence.

1. In light of the recent economic upswing experienced by many nations the world over, more
shops and businesses are starting to exist.
2. His poor performance may be because of lack of motivation rather than reading
difficulties.
3. Hallyu, or the Korean Wave, is South Korea's strategic plan to increase and spread Korean
culture outside of the country primarily through entertainment.
4. The customer loyalty was a reason for the Starbuck's marked growth and long term success.
5. Longer prison sentences may deter those who intend to commit illegal acts, while keeping
dangerous criminals away from society.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. While it is traditionally believed that rewards should only be given to students who excel in
their study, some argue that teachers must not neglect individual who make
.........................
Meaning: improvement

2. Try to go to sleep and get up at the same time every day, because this helps set your body's
internal clock and..............................................the quality of your sleep.
Meaning: make something as good as possible

3. While diners have always first eaten with their eyes, lnstagram has become a
..................................................................for restaurants, leading many restaurateurs
to rethink menu items and decor to better serve the photo-happy guests coming through
the door.
Meaning: something that affects the area of business very much

4. Manchester can technically still rank among the top 4 in the Premier League, but I'd say
that's an unlikely .......................
Meaning: the possibility that something good might happen in the future

258 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

 02. Anybody can use a mobile phone to answer the work and
personal calls at any time or 7 days a week. Is this
development more positive or negative?

[ M_lf.T_Lo_.1_-_M_lf._T_H_f!._I @
Mlf.T Hf!.I Mlf.T LQ'I

* Y chinh * Y chinh
Gay nhieu phien toai Lien 19c b§t ch§p can tra dia ly, tll' d6
ti t ki$m chi phf
* Giai thich
* Giai thich/So sanh
Cac cu(>c gQi kh6ng chu dfch de gay
Trong qua khll', gll'i thU' tay m§t nhieu
sao lang kh6i c6ng vi$c.
ngay.
Nhieu CUQC gQi quang cao anh hLI'ang
d€m rieng tU' ca nhan. * Giai thich
Vii_k SU' d1,mg di$n tho9i d c bi$t
quan tr9ng trong tmang hqp khlin
c§p.

* Vidl.J
Khi c6 ngU'ai 6m n ng

CHAPTER06-TECHNOLOGYl259
 TOPIC VOCABULARY
proliferation of mobile phones (n)
sv gia tang ch6ng mc;\t cua di(:ln tho9i
* ubiquity of cell phones (n): SV' xuat hi(:m
di d¢ng
kh p noi cua di(:ln tho. i di d¢ng
*
0
availability of mobile phones (n): sv
hi(:ln hanh cua di$n tho9 i di d¢ng
* growing popularity of cell phones (n):
vi(:lc di(:ln tho9i di d¢ng ngay cang tr& nen

(J
ph6 bi n

have mobile phone at sb's disposal (v)

c6 di$n tho9i y SU' d1,mg

unplanned call (n)

* unsolicited telemarketing call (n):
CUQC g9i kh6ng chu dfch

cu¢c gQi quang cao kh6ng mong

muon

high-tech gadget (n)

ti(:ln fch c6ng ngh(:l cao

260 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

I v'l_vo_c_Ae_J_fl_J_ R_E_V_I_E_W_
Exercise 1: Mobile phones

What are some words to describe the state of mobile phones becoming popular?

- U.......................... .

- p...........................................................................................................

- p.......

- a......................................................................................

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences according the instructions.

1. A century ago, it was difficult to conceive of ordinary people having a device with them at
all times that allows them to communicate instantaneously.

¢ (at their disposal) .......................................

2. One of my pet peeves with having a cellphone is the unwanted calls from anonymous
salespeople.

¢ (unsolicited)

3. As smart phones become more popular, it is easier for companies to collect personal data of
the population.

¢ (facilitate) .............................................................................................

4. When you are in a remote place and a cell phone is not available, it could be very annoying.

¢ (inconvenience - verb) .....................................................................

CHAPTER 06- TECHNOLOGY I 261

 'SAMPLE

In light of the proliferation of the mobile phones, it is true that people have the ability to
take phone calls at any given time. While this trend may indeed have some potential
drawbacks, they are eclipsed by the substantial benefits offered to users.

The downside of people having mobile phones at their disposal are definite. The foremost
problem is that the ubiquity of cell phones may cause sheer disturbances to phone users. In
fact, unplanned calls can distract people from the task they intend to accomplish, which is
likely to decrease their work productivity. This is compounded by unsolicited telemarketing
calls, made by salespeople or robocallers for the purpose of promoting products, since they
may deprive many people of their privacy.

On the other hand, notwithstanding the aforementioned drawbacks, I am convinced that the
availability of mobile phones brings about greater benefits. The ready access to this high-tech
gadget has facilitated instantaneous communication among people regardless of geographic
boundaries, resulting in significant savings. This was never the case in the past, when it used
to take days to deliver handwritten letters. The argument in favour of using the cell phones is
reinforced by the fact that it is integral in cases of emergency. For example, if the condition
of an ill person is critical, it is imperative that his family's members be able to inform the
hospital promptly.

In conclusion, while the growing popularity of cell phones may entail certain drawbacks, I
would opine that the advantages accrued from having this device are far weightier.

256 words, written by Phuong Dang

262 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 I TRANSLATION

Nha SI! gia tang ch6ng mc;1t cua di$n thoc;1i di d('>ng nen dung la con ngLI'ai c6 kha nang
nh n cac cu('>c g9i t9i bat ky thai diem nao. Du xu hU'&ng nay thl,l'C Sl,l' c6 the c6 m('>t s6
nhLI'Q'C diem tiem tang, nhLI'ng nhO,ng nhLI'Q'C diem d6 van bi lu ma bai cac IQ'i fch dang
ke ma di$n thoc;1i mang 19i cho ngU'ai dung.

Mc;1t trai cua vi$c c6 di$n tho9i de tuy y SU' d1,mg rat r6 rang. Van de quan tr9ng nhat la SI! xuat
hi$n khap nai cua di$n tho9i di d('>ng c6 the gay sao lang cho ngU'ai SU' d1,mg. Tren thl,l'C te, cac
cu('>c g9i khong chu dfch c6 the khien m9i ngLI'O'i mat ti;lp trung vao
nhi$m v1,1 ma h9 d!nh hoan thanh, dieu nay c6 the lam giam nang suat lam vi$c cua h9. Vi$c nay
con tr& nen t$ ho>n bai cac cu('>c g9i quang cao khong mong muon, do nhan vien ban hang ho c
may g9i tl,l' d('>ng thl,l'c hii;m v&i m1,1c dfch quang ba san pham, vl Chung c6 the tU'O'C di Sl,l'
rieng tU' ca nhan cua nhieu ngU'O'i.

NgLI'Q'C l9i, bat ke nhO,ng nhU'Q'C diem da neu 6' tren, toi tin chac rang Si! hi$n hanh cua di$n
thoc;1i di d('>ng mang lc;1i IQ'i fch l&n han. Kha nang tiep c n san c6 v&i ti$n fch cong ngh$
cao nay da tc;10 dieu ki$n cho Si! lien 19c tU'c thai cua con ngLI'O'i bat chap ranh gi&i dja ly,
giup tiet ki$m dang ke. Tm&c day chU'a bao gia c6 vi$c nhLI' v y khi ma QLI'i
thU' tay thU'ang phai mat nhieu ngay. Li;lp lui;ln ung h('> vi$c SU' d1,1ng di$n tho9i di d('>ng
dU'Q'C cung c6 them bai thl,l'c te n6 khong the thieu trong cac tmang hQ'p khan cap. Vf
d1,1, neu tlnh trc;1ng cua m('>t ngLI'ai b$nh rat nguy kjch thl dieu bat bu('>c la cac thanh vien trong
gia dlnh anh ta phai c6 kha nang bao cho b$nh vi$n kip thai.

T6m lc;1i, du vi$c di$n tho9i di d('>ng ngay cang tr& nen pho bien c6 the keo theo nhCmg bat IQ'i
nhat djnh, toi mc;1n phep cho rang nhO,ng IQ'i the tfch I0y tll' vi$c c6 thiet bi nay c6 SU'C nc;1ng
han nhieu.

CHAPTER 06- TECHNOLOGY I 263

Q GENERAL VOCABULARY
eclipse (v)
to become much more important and noticeable
than something

Our happiness was soon eclipsed by the terrible

news.

foremost (a) most important or best

This is one of the country's foremost

arts centres.

disturbance (n)
something that interrupts someone or makes
someone feel worried

Residents are tired of the disturbance

caused by the nightclub.

compound (v)
to make a problem or difficult situation worse

Severe drought has compounded food shortages in

the region.

deprive sb of sth(v)
to take something, especially something necessary or
* deprive many people of their
pleasant, away from someone
privacy (v): take away someone's
state of being alone, or the right to You can't function properly when you're
keep their personal matters and deprived of sleep.
relationships secret

264 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 GENERAL VOCABULARY
notwithstanding (prep)
despite the fact or thing mentioned

Notwithstanding some major financial

problems, the school has had a
successful year.

access (n)
the opportunity or ability to use something

Many of the families do not have

access to health care.

to make something possible or easier

facilitate (v)
* facilitate instantaneous
communication (v): make
communication happen
immediately

the distance limit

geographic boundaries (n)
For small businesses, the Internet tends to
blur geographic boundaries.

an amount of money that you do not need to

spend
savings (n)
You can make huge savings
(= save a lot of money) by buying food
in bulk.

CHAPTER06-TECHNOLOGYl265
I GENERAL VOCABULARY
reinforce (v)
to provide more proof or support to make
an idea/ opinion seem true

He used hand gestures to

reinforce what he was saying.

be integral to (a)
necessary and important (as a part of a
whole)

Bars and terrace cafes are integral to

the social life of the city.

prompt (a)
done quickly and without delay

His prompt action prevented the fire

from spreading.

entail (v) [+ -ing verb]

to make something necessary, or to
involve something

Repairing the roof will entail

spending a lot of money.

accrue (v)
to increase in number or amount over a
period of time

Little benefit will accrue to (= it will

receive little benefit) the city from the
new transport links.

266 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

I V l_v_oc_i_i _[:_:_ _R_E_V_I_E_W_
Exercise 1: Find a better expression for the underlined parts among the words
listed above. You may have to change the form of the word to match the
sentence.

1. The company was quick in its response to these accusations.

2. Profit is the most important yardstick of success for any business.

3. Many users now use the Internet via their mobile phones.

4. Friendly contacts between different peoples enable the cultural and economic
interchange.

5. Some scenes are violent and may worry younger viewers.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with one of the words above. You may have to
change the form of the word to match the sentence.

1. Fame and fortune ... .... My Tam never forgot her hometown.

Meaning: despite

2. It is likely to be more difficult to change consumer attitudes or behaviour through

advertising than to...............................them.

Meaning: make something stronger

3. Some parents ....................................themselves of many pleasures so that their children

can have the best of everything.

Meaning: take something away

4................................among the problems is that the United States has no comprehensive

health care system which ensures that all have access to quality medical services.

Meaning: most important

5. Initial planning errors were .............by carelessness in carrying the plan out.
Meaning: make a situation worse

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 267

r"03
...,..-------------------------
■ Some people believe that robots will play an
important role in future societies, while others argue
that robots might have negative effects on society.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

CAN BANG (J THAN BAI - UNG HQ VE 1

(J KET BAI

VE 1 VE2
Tac d1,mg cua robot
Tac h;.:ti cua robot

* Y chinh 1
Thuc day phat trilm kinh te
* Y chinh 1
Robot lam nhi u ngLI'ai m t vi$c.

* Y chinh 2
* Y chinh 2
Giup cu(>c s6ng ti$n IQ'i han
Robot khien con ngLI'ai th1,1d(>ng han.

* Y chinh 3
* Y chinh 3
Robot c6 the kiem soat con ngU'ai.
Gia tang sU'c kh6e va tu6i tho con
ngLI'ai

268 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 TOPIC VOCABULARY
robotics (n)
c6ng ngh$ robot
* robotics engineering (n): c6ng ngh$ che
t9o robot
* robotics technologies (n): c6ng ngh$
che t9o robot
* automated machines and process (n):
may m6c va quy trlnh ti,!' d(>ng h6a
* automation (n): ti! di;:>ng h6a
* robot cleaner (n): robot d9n nha
* autonomous car (n): xe ti! lai
* bionic limb (n): tay, chan gia
* robot-assisted surgery (n): ca phau
thu it c6 robot ho trq

drive economic productivity (v)

thuc d§y nang su t kinh te

physical toil (n)

* labor-intensive task (n): c6ng vi$c doi
(sll'c) lao dong chan tay

hoi SU'C lao dong

usher in an era of sth

mang t&i mot ky nguyen nao d6

CHAPTER06-TECHNOLOGYl269
I
...... -,TOPIC VOCABULARY
job loss (n) Sl,J' m t vi$c

jeopardize job security (v)

de d9a cong vi$c 6n djnh cua ai d6

sedentary (a)
th1,1 d¢ng

doomsday scenario (n)

k!ch ban ngay t n th

outsmart (v)
tr& nen khan ngoan han ai d6/ tr&
nen thong minh han ai d6

270 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 I v1_VOCAB_J_fl_ --
R_E_V_I_E_W_
Excercise 1: Put the following applications of robots into their respective fields.

unmanned combat aerial vehicles

mobile automated guided vehicles in warehouses neural

prostheses

robot teachers

robot-assisted surgery

robotic vacuum welding

robots

robotic lawnmower

reconnaissance drones

assembly robots

Logistics Manufacturing Medicine Education Home Military

Exercise 2: Match the following benefits of robots to the drawbacks that could
offset them.

Benefits Drawbacks
1. drive economic productivity a. outsmart and enslave humans

2. provide greater comfort and b. jeopardize job security

convenience in daily life
c. make people more sedentary
3. construct objects and systems that
humans physically cannot

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 271

 'SAMPLE
Ever since their inception, robots have been a polarizing topic. While the proponents of this
technology are adamant that it will prove instrumental to our lives in the future, others say
that robots will have adverse implications for human society. In this answer, I will look at the
reasoning of both camps before explaining why I side with the former.

As the applications of robotics engineering pervade every aspect of life, it is hard to

imagine mankind moving forward without it. For one, robots are key in driving economic
productivity. Automated machines and processes have dispensed with inconsistent and
exhaustible physical toil and ushered in an era of unprecedented output, speed and
precision in manufacturing - a feat that can only be perpetuated with the advancement of
robotics technologies. Aside from invigorating production
both in terms of quantity and quality, robots will help people take care of tedious daily tasks
and free up their time for more enjoyable activities or more important priorities; in fact,
machines like robot cleaners and autonomous cars are already starting to make human lives
more stress-free. Finally, current medical applications of robots like bionic limbs or robot-
assisted surgeries promise that they could help further human longevity.

Notwithstanding the aforementioned benefits, some people are still wary of robots, and
justifiably so. The most commonly cited threat that robots pose to humans is job losses, as
evidenced by how innumerable manufacturing jobs have been eliminated due to automation.
In addition to jeopardizing our job security, the convenience of having machines perform
various labor-intensive tasks in our stead also inadvertently makes us more sedentary.
Another popular argument against robots is the doomsday scenario when machines would
eventually outsmart their creators and enslave them. Given the possibility of robots imperiling
our livelihood, impairing our health and imprisoning our kind, it is no wonder that many
people say this technology will wreak havoc on future societies.

Still, in my opinion, robots are a welcome innovation. Their contributions to human society
are unequivocally enormous, and the concerns outlined above are either being addressed by
various policies and regulations or, in the case of the doomsday scenario, proven to be far-
fetched. All technologies carry a certain degree of risk, but if we had been averse to new
inventions, the strides that humanity has made over the last century would never have
happened.

389 words, written by Tung Dang

272 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 I TRANSLATION

Ngay tll' ban dau, cong ngh$ robot da la mot chu de gay nhieu tranh cai. Trong khi nhO,ng
ngU'O'i ung hi_'> cong ngh$ nay qua quyet rang n6 se chll'ng minh dU'Q'C tam quan tr9ng doi v&i
cui_'>c song cua chung ta trong tU'o>ng lai thl nhO,ng ngU'O'i khac l<;1i n6i rang cong ngh$ robot se
c6 tac di_'>ng xau den xa hi_'>i loai ngU'&i. Trong cau tra l&i nay, toi se
xem xet ly lu$n cua ca hai phfa tm&c khi giai thfch ly do t9i sao toi dCmg ve phfa nh6m ung
hi_'>.

Khi cac Ll'ng d1,rng cua kT thu$t che t9o robot tham nh$p vao m9i khfa cc;1nh cua cui_'>c song,
th$t kh6 de tU'&ng tLI'Q'ng loai ngLI'O'i c6 the tien t6'i tU'o>ng lai ma khong c6 n6.
Theo toi, cong ngh$ robot la chla kh6a trong vi$c thuc day nang suat kinh te. Cac may m6c va
quy trlnh tl,J' dong h6a da loc;1i trU' dU'Q'C Sl,J' khong nhM quan va ki$t qu$ cua lao di_'>ng chan tay
va m& ra mot ky nguyen cua san ILI'Q'ng, toe di_'> va di_'> chfnh xac chU'a tll'ng c6 trong nganh san
xuat - mi_'>t ky tfch chi c6 the dU'Q'C duy trl nh& SI! tien bi_'> cua cong ngh$ robot. Ben c9nh vi$c
thuc day san xuat cave so IU'Q'ng va chat ILI'Q'ng, cong
ngh$ robot se giup m9i ngLI'O'i dam nhi$m cac cong vi$c hang ngay te nh9t va giai
ph6ng th&i gian cho cac ho9t dong thu vi han ho c cac U'U tien quan tr9ng han; tren thl,J'C te,
nhO,ng may m6c nhU' robot quet dQn va xe tl,J' lai da bat dau khien CUQC song cua con ngU'&i
tr& nen b&t cang thang. Cuoi cung, cac Ll'ng d1,mg y te hi$n t9i cua robot nhLI' tay chan gia ho c
phau thu$t c6 robot ho trQ' hll'a h n c6 the giup keo dai tu6i thQ cua con ngLI'O'i.

Bat ke nhO,ng IQ'i fch da n6i 6' tren, m()t so ngLI'O'i van canh giac v&i robot va nhU' v$y cCing la
chfnh dang. Moi de d9a dU'Q'C n6i den nhieu nhat ma robot gay ra cho con ngU'O'i la mat vi$c
lam, bang chll'ng la vo so cong vi$c trong nganh san xuat da bi x6a b6 do tl,J' di_'>ng h6a. Ngoai
vi$c de d9a cong vi$c 6n dinh cua chung ta, SI! ti$n IQ'i cua vi$c c6 may m6c thl,J'c hi$n nhO,ng
nhi$m Vl,J doi h6i SLl'C lao di_'>ng khac nhau cCing vo tlnh khien chung ta tr& nen thl,l di_'>ng
han. Mi_'>t 1$p lu$n ph6 bien khac phan doi cong ngh$ robot la kich ban ngay t$n the khi may
m6c cuoi cung se tr& nen thong minh han
ngLI'&i t9o ra chung va bien hQ thanh no 1$. V&i kha nang robot lam suy yeu sinh ke cua chung ta,
lam giam SLl'C kh6e va giam cam giong loai cua chung ta, khong c6 gl 19 khi nhieu ngU'&i n6i
rang cong ngh$ nay se gay ra hon lo9n cho xa hi_'>i tU'o>ng lai.

Du gl, theo toi, cong ngh$ robot la mot SI! d6i m&i dang hoan nghenh. NhO,ng dong g6p cua
ch(mg cho xa hi_'>i loai ngLI'&i la vo cung to 16'n va nhCmg moi quan ng9i neu tren dang dU'Q'C
giai quyet bang nhieu chfnh sach va quy dinh khac nhau, kich ban ve ngay t$n the da dU'Q'C
Chll'ng minh la rat xa VO'i. Tat ca cac cong ngh$ deu mang theo mll'C di_'> rui ro nhat djnh,
nhU'ng neu chung ta chong 19i nhCmg phat minh m&i thl nhO,ng bU'O'C
tien ma nhan lo9i da d9t dU'Q'C trong the ky qua se khong bao gi& xay ra.

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 273

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
inception (n)
the beginning

Since its inception, Apple has been

pioneering streamlined, intuitive designs for
technological devices - things whose
appearance used to be an afterthought.

causing debate/ argument between two sides

polarizing (a)

The meat industry is one of the most

polarizing industries. On the one hand, the
majority of the world consume and enjoy its
products, but on the other, the environmental
destruction that raising cattle causes is
colossal.

supporter (of a belief, idea or system)

proponent (n) Jeff Bezos is one of the foremost proponents

of revolutionizing business using the power of
the Internet.

extremely important President

instrumental (a) Ho Chi Minh was

unquestionably instrumental in the fight
to unite the war-torn nation of Vietnam.

274 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 GENERAL VOCABULARY
adverse (a)
harmful

Despite mounting e idence for the adverse

effects of smoking, many people still
indulge in cigarettes.

pervade (v)
to spread/ exist everywhere

In the wake of the bombing attack, fear

pervaded the city.

key (a)
important

In cooking, preparation is key. A novice

cook can pull off the most difficult recipes
if he knows how to keep organized in the
kitchen.

dispense with sth (phr.v) to remove something

Since Alice made a resolution to devote

all of her time and resources to
furthering the kingdom of God, she has
largely dispensed with all of her
previous indulgences.

perpetuate (v) to continue/ carry on something The

new CEO is tasked with

perpetuating the company's number one
position in the market.

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 275

 GENERAL VOCABULARY
invigorate (v)
to boost

The army was battered after the first clash

with the enemy, but the general's speech
managed to invigorate the troops'
morale.

sth-free (a)
without something

The area around Haan Kiem Lake

becomes a traffic-free zone on
weekends.

further (v)
to help something develop

The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge really

helped raising the funds needed to further
research into this abominable disease.

to be worried about something

be wary of sth

People are often wary of companies that

operate under the banner of charitable
organizations because there have been
instances when donation money is
embezzled or simply never reaches the
intended recipients.

276 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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I GENERAL VOCABULARY
wreak havoc
cause chaos

Rodents wreaked havoc on the crops

and devastated many farming
communities.

unequivocally (adv)
undoubtedly

The evidence for climate change is

unequivocal, yet many governments
remain stagnant in addressing this issue.

progress/ a step toward a goal

strides (n)

The strides he has made in his study are

awe-inspiring.

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 277

 VOCABULARY
GENERA
REVIEW_
L
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words given.

1. The mayor voiced (unequivocally)......................................................support for the LGBT

community at the rally, and his popularity skyrocketed in the ensuing days.

2. Newspapers and TV shows like to paint pictures of people rising above (adverse)..
............................and making it in life, and while there's some truth to these stories, a
lot of the details are blown out of proportion with a view to attracting audiences.

3. In light of the (pervade)...............................................influence of pop culture, inordinate

news coverage is given to the who's who of the entertainment world.

4. After days of being bed-ridden, talking a long walk today really feels (invigorate)

5. (proponents)...........................................of autonomous cars often point to fatal crashes

caused by the Al of these vehicles malfunctioning or not being able to promptly handle
complicated situations on the road.

Exercise 2: Match the words in column A to those in column B to form natural

collocations.

A B
dispense strides

make havoc

wreak a cause

instrumental with

further in doing something

278 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 The range of technology available to people is

.0. 4. increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement?

I CAN BANG (50/50)

VE 1 VE2
Cong ngh gia tang khoimg each
Thai IU'9'ng xem tivi anh hU'ang t6'i
giau-ngheo nhlJ' th nao?
hanh vi tre nh6.
(N6i each khac, cong ngh$ lam ai giau han
hoc;3c lam ai ngheo di?)

• L p lu n: sv bung n6 cua cong ngh$

lam giau cho m(>t nh6m ngll'ai r§t nh6.
* L p lu n: sv ph6 c p cua cong ngh$
cung mang lc;1i cho ngll'ai dan
r§t nhiflu ca h(>i.
* Vi d1,1: Cac cong ty ti do vfl cong ngh$

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 279

I TOPIC VOCABULARY
income disparity
SI! chenh IE;'lch ve thu nh$p
* income gap (n): khoang each ve
thu nh$p
* the wealth gap (n): khoang each
giau ngheo
* bridge social inequality (v): thu h!;!p
SI! bat blnh dang giO,a cac tang l&p xa
h<)i

amass wealth (n)

* social elites (n): nhOing ngLI'ai kha gia
Heh dlJ'Q'C nhieu cua cai/ tai san

va quyen I1,J'C nhat trong xa h<)i

* the 1 percent (n): nh6m nhO,ng ngLI'ai
giau nhat
* lift people out of poverty (v): giup nglJ'ai
danthoatkh6id6ingheo
* livelihood (n): thu nh$p, nguon s6ng,
sinh kl!

280 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 V TOPIC

REVIEW
VOCABULARY
Exercise 1: Divide the following words and phrases into two categories: those
that could be used to describe 'increasing the income gap' and 'decreasing the
income gap'.

gape widen close narrow equalizer

level theexacerbatecontractbridgeworsen
playing field

Increasing the gap: . ........................................... ...........................

Decreasing the gap: ........................................................................

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks using the words given.

1. In light of massive changes in people's lifestyles and aspirations, it is increasingly hard to

define ......................... but in my opinion, a household that owns a moderate piece of

property, has their own vehicle, and can afford to send their children to college is quite

representative of this group.

2. A university degree is widely regarded as one of the key tools to get

3. It is easy to forget, looking at the glamor of the capital city, that much of the country is

living below .............

4. State policies are often thought to be influenced by ............................ who own

powerful corporations and have enormous leverage in the government.

5. Automation and robots could potentially eliminate millions of jobs and leave .....

.............................paralyzed.

6. This program aims to help children born into ...............................................families succeed

academically and potentially outperform their affluent counterparts.

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 281

 'SAMPLE

Itiswidely acknowledged that many of the radical changes in the human society over the
past century were initiated by technological advancements. However, the public remains
divided on the effects that technology has on our lives, particularly where income
disparity is concerned. Some people argue that the very innovations that we currently
have at our disposal have actually widened the income gap. While there is some truth to
this statement, I believe it is impossible to discount the wealth and opportunities that
technology has given many people.

On the one hand, some people are proposing that technology is to blame for the gaping wealth
gap, and justifiably so. The key argument here is that the growth of the technology industry
has made a small percentage of the population exponentially richer than the rest. For example,
the past decade has seen what once were humble technology startups morph into massive
multi-billion-dollar companies. The owners of these businesses have amassed great wealth
and gone on to become social elites. This, however, does not happen to most common people.

On the other hand, I believe to say that the benefits of technological innovations are exclusive
to the 1 percent would be an overly grim view. In fact, examples of how technologies empower
and help lift people out of poverty can be seen around the world. For instance, Facebook has
given many people an opportunity to start their own business at minimal costs, and scores of
city dwellers now owe their livelihood to Grab's ride-hailing network. These are powerful
testaments to how technology has transformed lives and bridged the social inequality that used
to be much worse in the past.

In conclusion, while technology has indeed created a new generation of extremely wealthy
individuals, I am convinced that it has also given equal opportunities for all to thrive.

305 words, written by Tung Dang

282 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

1
 I TRANSLATION
Nhieu thay dfli can ban trong xa hQi loai ngl.l'ai trong the kl qua do tien bQ c6ng ngh$
kh&i Xl.1'6'ng la dieu dl.l'Q'C c6ng nh,;1n r9ng rai. Tuy nhien, c6ng chung van c6 y kien trai chieu ve
nhQ>ng anh hll'&ng cua c6ng ngh$ t&i CUQC song cua chung ta, di;lc bi$t la khi

xet den van de chenh 1$ch thu nh,;1p. M9t so ngl.l'ai tranh lu,;1n rang chfnh nhQ>ng dfli m&i ma
chung ta dang san c6 da thl,l'c SI! lam gia tang khoang each thu nh,;1p. Du tuyen bo nay c6 nhQ>ng
diem dung nhll'ng t6i tin rang kh6ng the coi nh tai san va ca hQi ma c6ng ngh$ da mang 19i cho
nhieu ngl.l'ai.

MQt mi;it, mot so ngl.l'ai dang de ra y kien rang c6ng ngh$ la nguyen nhan cho khoang each l&n
giQ>a giau va ngheo, va nhll' v,;1y cCing la chfnh dang. L,;1p lu,;1n then chat & day la: Si! phat
trien cua nganh c6ng ngh$ da khien m9t ti 1$ nh6 dan so giau hon theo cap
so nhan so v&i nh6m con 19i. Vf dl,l, th,;1p ki vLl'a qua da ch(mg kien nhQ>ng c6ng ty kh&i

nghi$p trong ITnh Vl!C c6ng ngh$ khiem nhl.l'ang tr& thanh nhQ>ng c6ng ty tri gia hang ti do-
la. Chu s& hQ>u cua cac doanh nghi$p nay da tfch dl.l'Q'C khoi tai san khflng 16 va tiep t1,Jc tr&
thanh nh6m nhQ>ng ngll'CYi giau c6 va quyen 11,l'c nhat trong xa hoi. Tuy nhien, dieu nay kh6ng
xay ra v&i hau het nhQ>ng ngl.l'ai blnh thl.l'ang.

Mi;it khac, t6i tin tU'&ng vi$c cho rang lqi fch cua dfli m&i c6ng ngh$ chi danh rieng cho
nh6m nhQ>ng ngl.l'ai giau nhat la m9t each nhln nh n qua tieu Cl,l'C. Tren thl,l'c te, nhO,ng vf
dl,J ve each c6ng ngh$ trao quyen va giup con ngll'ai thoat kh6i d6i ngheo c6
the nh,;1n thay tren khap the gi&i. Ch ng h 9n, Facebook da mang 19i cho nhieu ngl.l'ai co hoi
de bat dau kinh doanh rieng v&i chi phf toi thieu va sinh ke cua rat nhieu ngll'ai dan thanh pho
gan v&i m9ng ILl'&i lai xe Grab. £>ay la nhO,ng minh ch(mg m9nh me cho

each c6ng ngh$ da thay dfli cu9c song va thu h p bat blnh d ng xa hoi tLl'ng t6i t$ hon nhieu trong qua khll'.
T6m lc;'!i, trong khi c6ng ngh$ thl,l'C Si! da tc;'IO ra mot the h$ m&i v&i nhQ>ng ca nhan Cl,l'C kl giau c6, t6i tin
chac rang n6 cCing mang 19i co hQi d6ng deu cho tat ca moi ngl.l'ai cung phat trien.

CHAPTER 06 - TECHNOLOGY I 283

& GENERALVOCABULARY
radical (a)
to have an impact

Jihadists' radical views are not to be taken

as a representation of the Muslim religion.

to begin
initiate (v)

After years of economic stagnation, the new

government has decided to initiate a slew of
reforms that hopefully will turn the economy
around.

to have something available to use

have sth at your disposal

It seems paradoxical that in an age when

you have all the information you would
need to know at your disposal, people are
still feeling lost and confused.

very rapidly
exponentially (adv)

Since its inception in 1994, the sales

of the PlayStation and its later
permutations have grown exponentially.

284 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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 GENERAL VOCABULARY
morph into sth (phr.v) to transform into something

In this day and age, people are so easily

offended that a casual remark on a TV
show can morph into a media crisis.

grim (a)
depressing

Initial assessment of the company's

financial health reveals that its prospect
looks grim.

scores of
many

Recent years have seen scores of tourists

flocking to the island and turning what
once was a desolate island into a bustling
tourism hotspot.

a testament to sth
proof that something is a real

All the prizes and accolades on the wall

are a testament to his skill and position
v
v in the chef community.
v
v--

thrive (v)
to succeed

Many people thrive on pressure and work

most productively when their deadline
nears.

CHAPTER06-TECHNOLOGYl285
 Exercise 1: Match the words in column A with their antonyms in column B.

A B

radical succumb to sth

exponential infinitesimal

grim halt

initiate conservative

thrive on sth optimistic

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word.

1. The commander has an impressive number of troops at his...............................................but

somehow was still bested in combat by a lesser army.

2. The water temperature of the spring allows sturgeons to .............................

3. It is easy to be famous overnight today, so fame should not be taken as a .............

............................to talent.

4. The peace symbol has........................................into a banner under which people who

have vastly different beliefs, values, skin colors and social classes stand united for the
greater good.

5. He was one of the most prolific authors of his time, having penned ......................
novels, short stories and news articles, many of which continue to inspire later
generations of writers.

286 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1

I v 1_A_NS_W_E_R KE_Y---------------------'

CHAPTER 1: EDUCATION

Topic 1: Some people believe that everyone has a right to a university education and that
governments should make it free for all students no matter what their financ ial background.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Can bing (50/50)

Topic Vocabulary Review

a) - higher education
b) - waive tuition c) - bachelor's degree
- college
- abolish tuition - college qualification
- tertiary education
- tertiary degree

d) bachelor's degree
e) - attend f) affordable
holders
- pursue

General Vocabulary Review

1. underprivileged
4. inexorably 7. welfare
2. land
5. disservice
3. hike
6. strain

Phan bi9n (60/40) Topic

Vocabulary Review Exercise

1.

1. undergraduate 3. in earnest 5. apply oneself

2. exemption 4. academic performance

ANSWER KEY! 287

Iy' Exercise 2.
1_A_Ns_w_E_R_KE_v_ ----

1. C
3. B
2.A
4. B

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. take a toll on
5. subscribe to 9. conducive to
2. fail to
6. indifferent to 10. allot
3. be inclined to
7. determinant
4. drive
8. driving force

Exercise 2.

1. B 2.A 3.C

Topic 2: Some students prefer to take a gap year between high school and university, to work
or to travel. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

a) b) c) d)

- defer university enrollment - cultivate - formal schooling - vocational

training
- delay tertiary education for - hone
one year
- enrich
- have a year-long break

Exercise 2. 4. fall behind

1. identify
3. career guidance
2. vocational training
288 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST-VOL 1
5. peer pressure

ANSWER KEY! 287

I ' I-
- V ANSWER EY

General Vocabulary Review

1. attributed to
4. worthwhile 7. preoccupied

2. unattainable
5. gaining traction
3. empowered
6. drains

Topic 3: Some people say that schools should concentrate on teaching students academic
subjects that will be useful for their future careers. Other people say that subjects such as
music and sports are also necessary.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

education = schooling train (a skill) = cultivate

subject = discipline innate talent = aptitude

quality = attribute

Exercise 2.

1. endowed 3. full potential 5. cultivating

2. aptitude 4. core

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

place emphasis devote attention

attach importance shift focus

give precedence

ANSWER KEYi 289

.... I V 1_A_Ns_w_E_R_KE_v_ -----
Exercise 2.

1. asserts
5. a perennial challenge
2. compelling
6. to this end
3. be financially viable
7. overstate
4. the bulk
8. foremost

I Topic 4: Online classes make conventional classrooms unnecessary. To what extent do you
agree/ disagree?

Can bang (50/50) Topic

Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

Offline learning Online learning

in person virtual
face-to-face web-based
brick-and-mortar computerized
physical digitally
at the click of a button
conference call

Exercise 2.
1. virtual/ web-based
4. interpersonal
2. constraints
5. disciplines
3. in the comfort of their home

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. indispensable
3. inextricably 5. scarcity
2. accessible
4. emulator

290 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST -VOL 1

I y' 1 _A _sw E_R_KE_v
N
_
Exercise 2.
1. There is no denying that Mark Twain left a great impact on American literature/ There is
no denying Mark Twain's impact on American literature.

2. Sharing a room is cost-efficient/ a cost-efficient living arrangement.

3. The lackluster sequel incurs the outrage/ anger of the fans.

4. Salah's early goal in the match effectively cemented Liverpool's 6th Champions League
title.

5. The bassist is the most expendable member in the band.

CHAPTER 2: ENVIRONMENT

Topic 1: Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on protection of
wild animals, and that this money could be better spent on the human population. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

100% phan d6i

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. Rare animals: endangered animals/ species, threatened animals/ species

2. Animal protection: wildlife conservation, the conservation of wild animals

3. A situation in which something no longer exists: demise, extinction

Exercise 2.

1.A 2. C 3. C 4. B

ANSWER KEY I 291

I'-' 1_A_Ns_w_E_R_K_Ev_ -----

General Vocabulary Review

1. allocate/allot/divert
4. widespread concern 7. on the increase
2. woefully inadequate
5. let alone 8. a host of
3. downplay
6. colossal

Can b ng (50/50)

Topic Vocabulary Review

1.B 2. C 3.A 4. B 5. C

General Vocabulary Review

1. an unworthy cause
4. misspent 7. well-intentioned
2. testament
5. spell trouble for 8. in the interests of
3. synonymous with
6. pressing issues 9. remedy

Topic 2: Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What
can governments do to address these problems?
What can individual people do?

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. Fossil fuels: carbon-intensive energy sources, conventional energy sources,

unsustainable power sources, non-renewable energy

2. Alternative energy: renewables, renewable energy, alternative energy sources,

sustainable energy sources, carbon-free energy

3. Environment pollution: the deterioration of environmental quality, environment

degradation, environment contamination

292 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

1
I vI_I ANSWE R KEY
4. Emissions: exhaust emissions, exhaust fumes, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions

Exercise 2.

1. disposable 4. reusable - single-use

2. biodegradable 5. combustion - renewables - carbon footprint

3. recyclable - sustainable 6. energy security

General Vocabulary Review

1. taken a heavy toll

4. repercussion 7. key
2. nudge
5. render
3. to blame for
6. contributor

Topic 3: Fossil fuel is the main source of energy. In some countries, the use of alternative
sources of energy is encouraged. Is this a positive or negative development?

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

- renewable (a) energy or renewables - exhausted resources

(noun - plural)
- carbon - intensive energy
- carbon-free energy - unsustainable energy sources
- green energy

Exercise 2.
energy crisis enriched

weaponization weapons-grade (nuclear material)

ANSWER KEY I 293

1V 1_A_Ns_w_E_R_KE_v_ ------
General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. universally
3. compelling
2. testament
4. justifiable
Exercise 2.

These are suggested answers; there may be other words that can be used.

1. a. evoked, prompted
3. adopted, welcomed
b. expressed, voiced
4. because of, as a result of
2. exorbitantly, criminally

Topic 4: Some people say that protecting the environment is the government's responsibility.
Others believe that every individual should be responsible for it. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. ozone depletion / global warming

4. water contamination
2. land degradation/ desertification
5. global warming
3. loss of biodiversity

Exercise 2.

a) the authority
b) the public
the state
ordinary citizens

294 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. a massive undertaking 4. taking steps

7. tackle
2. warrants 5. divided over 8. plays a pivotal
role
3. indispensable 6. all the manpower at our disposal

Exercise 2.
1. B 2.A 3. C 4.D 5.A

CHAPTER 3: FAMILY

Topic 1: People in many countries are spending less time with their family. What are the
reasons, and effects of this?

Nguyen nhan - Anh hll'<>'ng

Tooic Vocabularv Review

1. B 2. C 3.B 4. C 5.A

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. C 2.A 3. B 4. C 5.D

Exercise 2.
1. worst-case scenario
3. to blame 5. media consumption/
2. proliferation media diet
4. precursor

ANSWER KEY I 295

 IV l A_Ns_w_E_R_K_Ev _

Topic 2: Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What

are the reasons? Is this a positive or negative trend?

Topic Vocabulary Review

1. B
4. C 7.A
2. D
5.A
3.8
6.8

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. escalating
4. hands-on experience 7. ongoing
2. financially stable
5. endorsement
3. opinion
6. commitment
Exercise 2.

1. bearing
3. rear 5. overshadow
2. beget
4. viable

296 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL

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I y'1-A N_s_w_E_R_K_E_v_ ----- ----
Topic 3: Parents often give children everything they ask for and let them do what they like.
Is it good for children? What are the consequences when they grow up?

H u qua - Giai phap

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
- babyhood/ infancy

- childhood

- adolescence

- adulthood

Exercise 2.

(1) Desirable traits (2) Undesirable traits

courage independence cowardice shame

integrity creativity deceit rebellion

kindness gratitude defiance over- disrespect

patience service reliance mischief

compassion responsibility aggression entitlement

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. repercussions
3. inadvertently
2. detrimental
4. facets

Exercise 2.
1. B
2.C 3.A 4. C

ANSWER KEYi 297

-1 "1_A_N_S W_E_R_K_E_V _

Topic 4: In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well as family roles. What
are the changes that have occurred? Do you think these changes are positive or negative?

100% thay dl>i tich ClfC

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. single-parent family
4. nuclear family
2. extended family
5. childless family
3. grandparent family
6. step family
Exercise 2.
1. child-rearing
3. breadwinner
2. stay-at-home
4. task delegation

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

drastic >< piecemeal notable

advantageous >< unfavorable
>< immaterial
welcome >< ill-timed
step back >< assume responsibility

Exercise 2.

1. step back
4. piecemeal
2. advantageous to
5. ill-timed
3. immaterial

298 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

 ANSWER KEY

CHAPTER 4: HISTORY

Topic 1: It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than world
history. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Can bang (50/50)

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. insights
3. history edu1atIon

2. patriotism
4. cur•ent affa1·s

Exercise 2.
1. B 2.D 3. C

P.t1eral Vocabularv RP.viP.w

1. impartial 3. foster 5. derive

2. instill 4. misleading 6. superficially

7. holistically

Phan bi n (60/40)

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. Appreciating
3. understanding

2. differences
4. diversity

Exercise 2.
1. A 2.D 3. C

ANSWER KEYI 299

 I\f 1_A_N_s_w_E_R_K_Ev_ -------
General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. harbor
3. incorporated 5.notion
2. outlook
4. put emphasis on

Exercise 2.

1. In light of
3. distort 5. foundations
2. grasp
4.confined

Topic 2: Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local
people.
Why is this the case?
What can be done to attract more local people to these museums?

Nguyen nhan - Giai phap

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. historic relic 2. heritage site 3. monument

Exercise 2.

1. exhibit 2. alien 3. locality

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. allocations
3. refurbishment 5. familiarize
2. coverage
4. to blame

300 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I y'1_A_N_s_w_E_R_K E_v ------
Exercise 2.

1. wane 3. reversing 5. implication

2.finance 4. stemming from

Topic 3: Some people say that the increasing business and cultural contact between
countries is a positive development, while others think that many countries will lose their
national identities as a result. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Can bang (50/50)

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. G obalizat1on 3. Military coa tions

2. economic alliances 4. national identity

Exercise 2.

Cultural appreciation Cultural appropriation Cultural homogenization

1. An American chef 2. Kim Kardashian naming 3. People in Asia watching the

reinterpreting her shapewear brand same Netflix shows as
Vietnamese recipes
Kimono people in America
using Western
ingredients

5. Presidents George 4. Nonreligious Pop stars 6. McDonald's franchises

W. Bush and Vladimir wearing religious becoming ubiquitous in
Putin wearing ao dai to a clothing to red carpet Japan, Thailand, and
Vietnamese festival events Singapore

ANSWER KEYI 301

 IV 1_A_Ns_w_E_R_K ....
....
_Ev_
General Vocabulary Review
.
Exercise 1.
1. The popularity of English is marginalizing many other languages.
2. What is your take on the current political climate in Europe?
3. Delinquent behaviors could be a precursor to crimes.
4. His donations are a manifestation of his generosity.

5. The detective discounts the theory that this was suicide.

Exercise 2.
1. C
3. A 5. D
2. A
4. D

Topic 4: Some people think the government should spend more money on public
services rather than waste money on arts (i.e. music and painting). To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

Can bang (50/50)

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. plough sth back into sth

4. budget deficit
2. to divert money to sth
5. intellectual property
3. budget surplus

Exercise 2.

Music Film Art Literature

- sale of albums - box office revenue - sale of artworks - sale of books
- streaming services - fan merchandise - admission to - film adaptations
concerts
museums and
- theme parks
- fan merchandise galleries

302 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I Vl _A_N_s_w_E_R_K_Ev
General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. dedicate 3. pay

2. amount 4. downplay

Exericse 2. irrefutable
>< debatable prudent >< trivial >< substantive

rash derivative >< original

heated >< calm

Exericse 3.
1. take precedence 3. forego 5. the dawn of

2. ward off 4. justify

CHAPTER 5: MEDIA
Topic 1: Some people say that we do not need printed newspaper any more. To what extent do
you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Quan dh\m can bang (50/50) Topic

Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. publication - papers - news 3. conventional

2. Internet-based - digit91

Exercise 2.

1. newsstand 3. e-paper - digital newspaper

2. update

ANSWER KEYI 303

.. I V 1_A_Ns_w_E_R_KE_v .
Exercise 3.

Online Newspapers Traditional Newspapers

up-to-date information credibility of information
multimedia presentation fewer distractions
interaction between the paper and the support brick-and-mortar businesses like
readership newsstands and bookstores
cheap access avoid mining of personal data

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. superior
3. gravitate towards 5. mass unemployment.
2. Internet-based
4. on the wane/ waning.
Exercise 2.

1. far-reaching
3. superior
2. infinitely
4. proliferation

Topic 2: Nowadays, there is a trend that reports of media focus on problems and
emergencies rather than positive development. Some people think it is harmful to
individuals and to society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Hoan toan d6ng y 100%

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. misleading 2. latest 3. broadcast

304 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I y'1_A_N_s_w_E_R_K_E_v _

Exercise 2.
People Magazine - Tabloids

Conde Nast Traveler - Lifestyle Magazines The

New York Times - Broadsheets Revolution

Magazine - Niche Magazines

Exercise 3.
1. D 2. B 3.A 4.D 5. C

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. B
3.A 5. C

2. C
4. D
Exercise 2.

1. dysfunctional
3. averse 5. distortion
2. bombarded
4.exposed

Topic 3: Advertising are becoming more and more common in everyday life. Is it a
positive or negative development?

100% tieu ClfC

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. advertorial spreads
3. promotion
2. promotional campaigns
4. commercial break

ANSWER KEYI 305

---1y' 1_A_N_s_w_E_R_K_Ev_ --------
Exercise 2.

1. permeated
3. frequency
2. ubiquitous
4. omnipresent

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. His insatiable hunger for power was the reason for his failure.

2. Some people may find the intermittent rain here annoying.

3. The rapid spread of misinformation about the virus outbreak calls into question
the reliability of online information.

4. My friend hijacked my lnstagram account and posted a very embarrassing picture ofme.

5. It is imperative that women be given more opportunities to assume managerial

positions.

Exercise 2.

1. D 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A

I
Topic 4: Some people believe what children watch on TV influences their behavior. Some
say it's the amount of time watching television that influences their behavior.

Phan bi n (60/40)

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. parrot
3. movie franchise 5. screen time
2. moral codes
4. preteen

306 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

I v
Exercise 2.
1_AN S_W E_RKEY

1. correlation 3. causation 5. causation

2. correlation 4. correlation

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. impart
3. tenuous 5. exert
2. instigate
4. captivating

CHAPTER6:TECHNOLOGV

Topic 1: Scientists predict in the near future cars will be driven by computers, not people.
Why? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

Nguyen nhan -Anh hlJ'ang

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.
1. autonomous - driverless 3. autopilot

2. advancements - automobiles

Exercise 2.

1. autonomous
3. automation 5. autonomy
2. autopilot
4. automated

ANSWER KEYI 307

1v 1_A_Ns_w_E_R_KE_v ----
General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. emerge
3. popularize 5. reckless
2. ascribed to
4. driving force

Exercise 2.

1. progress
3. game changer
2. optimize
4. prospect

Topic 2: Anybody can use a mobile phone to answer the work and personal calls at any time
or 7 days a week. Is this development more positive or negative?

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

ubiquity
popularity
proliferation
availability
Exercise 2.

1. A century ago, it was difficult to conceive of ordinary people having a device that allows
them to communicate instantaneously at their disposal.

2. One of my pet peeves with having a cellphone is the unsolicited telemarketing calls.

3. The growing popularity of smart phones facilitates companies' collection of personal

data of the population.

4. The unavailability of cell phones when you are in a remote place can greatly
inconvenience you.

308 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

1v1_AN_S_WERK_E_Y
General vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. prompt 3. access 5. disturb

2. integral 4. facilitate

Exercise 2.

1. notwithstanding 3. deprive 5. compounded

2. reinforce 4. foremost

Topic 3: Some people believe that robots will play an important role in future societies, while
others argue that robots might have negative effects on society.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

CAN BANG O THAN BAI - UNG HQ V 1 O K T BAI

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

Logistics Manufacturing Medicine Education Home Military

mobile welding robots neural robot robotic unmanned combat

automated prostheses teachers vacuum aerial vehicles
assembly robots
guided
robot-assisted robotic reconnaissance
vehicles in
surgery lawnmower drones
warehouses

Exercise 2.

1. B 2. C 3. A

ANSWER KEYI 309

Iy' 1_AN_s_w_ER_K_E_v _

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

1. unequivocal
3. pervasive 5. Opponents

2. adversities
4. invigorating

Exercise 2.

dispense with
instrumental in doing something

make strides
further a cause

wreak havoc

Topic 4: The range of technology available to people is increasing the gap between the rich
and the poor. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Can b ng (50/50)

Topic Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

Increasing the gap: gape/ widen/ exacerbate/ worsen

Decreasing the gap: close/ narrow/ equalizer/ level the playing field/ contract/ bridge

Exercise 2.

1. the middle class 4. the 1 percent

2. upwardly mobile 5. the working classes

3. the poverty line 6. underprivileged

310 I HOW TO CRACK THE IELTS WRITING TEST - VOL 1

1v I ANSWER KEV

General Vocabulary Review

Exercise 1.

radical >< conservative initiate >< halt

exponential >< infinitesimal thrive on sth >< succumb to sth

grim >< optimistic

Exercise 2.

1. disposal 3. testament 5. scores of

2. thrive 4. morphed

ANSWER KEY I 311

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