English Project 1
New words
1) Anthropocentric (Adjective)- Believing that humans are
more important than anything else.
The novel explores the consequences of an anthropocentric
society where technological advancements come at the
expense of environmental health.
2) Blotch (Noun)- A mark which is usually not regular in
shape. Present on skin etc.
The blotch on the X-ray concerned the doctor, prompting
further tests.
3) Dynamism (Noun)- Energy or enthusiasm to make new
things happen and succeed.
The dynamism of the team was a key factor in their success
during the competition.
4) Extortionate (Adjective)- Excessively high or
unreasonable, typically referring to prices or demands.
The extortionate prices at the resort made our vacation
much more expensive than planned
5) Flummox (Verb)- To confuse a person so that they do not
know what to say or do.
Despite his experience, the sudden change in plans
flummoxed him.
6) Heinous (Adjective)- Morally very bad
Survivors spoke out about the heinous treatment they
endured.
7) Inchoative (Adjective)- Expressing a change of state that
happens on it’s own
The inchoative stage of language learning often involves
making many mistakes
8) Jingoism (Noun)- A strong belief that your own country is
best, especially when it is expressed in support of was with
another country.
The film's portrayal of war was criticized for promoting
jingoism rather than presenting a balanced perspective.
9) Kwaito (Noun)- A type of south African dance music often
with words that are spoken or shouted rather than sung.
Kwaito dance moves are often a highlight at parties,
showcasing intricate footwork and rhythmic body
movements.
10) Lachrymose (Adjective)- Having a tendency to cry
easily.
After hearing the lachrymose news of his friend's passing, he
couldn't stop crying
11) Magnanimous (Adjective)- A kind or a generous
gesture towards an enemy or a rival
It was magnanimous of him to forgive his old enemy and
offer him a job.
12) Nonchalant (Adjective)- Casually unconcerned
showing a lack of interest or enthusiasm
He gave a nonchalant shrug when asked about his plans for
the weekend.
13) Ostracize (Verb)- To exclude someone from a group or
a society
The club members agreed to ostracize anyone caught
cheating in the games.
14) Portmanteau word (Noun)- Word that is invented by
combining the beginning of one word and the end of another
word and keeping the meaning of each.
The term "brunch" is a popular portmanteau word combining
"breakfast" and "lunch”.
15) Quixotic (Adjective)- Having or involving ideas or
plans that show imagination but are usually not practical.
The author's quixotic tales of heroism and adventure
captivated the imaginations of young readers everywhere
16) Recalcitrant (Adjective)- Unwilling to obey rules or
follow instruction, difficult to control.
The recalcitrant student refused to follow the school's dress
code, despite repeated warnings
17) Soliloquy (Noun)- A speech in a play or film in which
character speaks their thoughts aloud to themselves, but not
to any other character.
After the soliloquy, the character's true intentions became
clear to the audience.
18) Troubadour (Noun)- A medieval poet especially one
who travelled from place to place singing poems about love
and scivalry
Legends spoke of a legendary troubadour whose songs
could move mountains and calm storms.
19) Wheedle (Verb)- To coax or persuade someone with
flattery
The salesman tried to wheedle his way into convincing me to
buy an expensive car I didn't need.
20) Zeitgeist (Noun)- The general mood or quality of a
particular period of history as shown by the beliefs, ideas
etc. common at that time
Understanding the zeitgeist is crucial for marketers who want
to create campaigns that resonate with their audience.
Antonyms
1) Abundant – Scarce
In the city, job opportunities were abundant, whereas in the
rural areas, they were scarce.
2) Ascend – Descend
When the sun begins to ascend in the morning, shadows
start to descend.
3) Belief – Doubt
The student's belief in his knowledge was challenged by a
sudden doubt during the exam.
4) Brave – Cowardly
The brave child climbed the tall tree, while his cowardly
friend watched from below.
5) Bold – Timid
The bold speech electrified the crowd, while the timid
address put them to sleep.
6) Captive – Free
Feeling captive in a small town, he longed to move to the big
city where he could be free.
7) Divide – Unite
The leaders decided to divide the responsibilities among the
team to better unite them towards a common goal.
8) Foolish – Wise
A foolish comment can start a conflict, but a wise word can
bring peace.
9) Hope – Despair
In the face of despair, hope is the light that guides us
forward.
10) Joy – Sorrow
The joy of winning the championship was contrasted by the
sorrow of losing a teammate to injury.
11) Lend – Borrow
He decided to borrow a book from the library instead of
asking his friend to lend him one.
12) Loyal – Disloyal
His loyal dog stood by his side, while his disloyal friend
abandoned him.
13) Illegal – lawful
His illegal activities eventually caught up with him, forcing
him to seek a lawful way of living.
14) Diminish – Increase
The medication helped diminish the pain, increasing the
patient's comfort.
15) Drab – Bright
The garden looked drab in winter but burst into bright colors
in spring.
16) Dynamic – Static
The dynamic presentation captured everyone's attention,
unlike the static report that failed to engage.
17) Compliment – Insult
He gave her a compliment on her work, but added a slight
insult about her efficiency.
18) Frequent – Seldom
The trains are frequent during the day but seldom run at
night.
19) Intentional – Accidental
He made an intentional decision to arrive early, but an
accidental traffic jam made him late.
20) Lenient – Strict
The company had a lenient return policy, but it was strict
about not accepting damaged goods.
Phrasal Verbs
1) To brush up- To refresh your memory
We need to brush up on the rules of the game before we
start playing.
2) To make out- To understand or to see something clearly
Despite the noise, I could barely make out what she was
saying.
3) To figure out- To solve something
We need to figure out the best route to take to avoid traffic.
4) To come around- To change your mind about something
You’ll come around to my side once you hear all the facts.
5) To swat up on- To study something very hard
I need to swat up on my coding skills for the upcoming
hackathon.
6) To piece together- To assemble the pieces of something
The detective was able to piece together the evidence and
solve the mystery.
7) Blurt out- To say something that you weren’t supposed to
say
He often blurts out his thoughts without considering the
consequences.
8) To get through- To make somebody understand something
After studying all night, I finally managed to get through the
entire textbook.
9) To pass on- To give something to somebody
My grandmother passed on her secret recipe for apple pie to
me.
10) Chip in- To add a specific point to a conversation
During the meeting, each team member chipped in with
ideas to improve the project.
11) Pile up- To get accumulated
Traffic piled up on the highway due to an accident ahead.
12) Single out- To select or identify one person
The teacher singled out the top student to represent the
class at the science fair.
13) To think through- To consider possible results and
consequences before doing something
Before making a decision, it's crucial to think through all the
possible outcomes.
14) To wrestle with- To try to solve a different problem
The government continues to wrestle with the problem of
rising unemployment rates.
15) Run up against- To experience an unexpected
difficulty
As soon as we started the hike, we ran up against bad
weather conditions.
16) Pull through- To recover from a serious injury or
illness
Despite the severe injuries, the doctors believe she will pull
through.
17) Hold on- To wait or to maintain a grip
She told him to hold on and not give up hope.
18) To come along- To accompany someone
My friend was feeling lonely, so I invited her to come along
on our weekend trip.
19) Ask after- To ask for information about someone
The neighbor stopped by to ask after our vacation plans.
20) To break into- To interrupt
He broke into the conversation to share his opinion.
Idioms
1) A penny saved is a penny earned- Saving money is just
as beneficial as earning money
He chooses to walk to work rather than drive because he
believes that a penny saved is a penny earned.
2) A doubting Thomas- A person who is skeptical and only
believes with direct evidence
Despite the glowing reviews, my friend remained a
doubting Thomas about that new restaurant.
3) All Greek to me- Totally incomprehensible, like a foreign
language
I tried to help my nephew with his physics homework, but
the equations were all Greek to me.
4) A leopard can’t change it’s spots- People cannot
change their inherent nature or character
The politician's empty promises rang hollow, the public
knew a leopard can't change its spots.
5) A blessing in disguise- A misfortune that unexpectedly
turns out to be beneficial.
The lost phone, though inconvenient, might be a blessing
in disguise. It's a good excuse to upgrade to a newer
model.
6) A slap on the wrist- A mild or insufficient punishment for
a wrongdoing or offense.
With just a slap on the wrist for speeding, he's likely to
continue ignoring traffic laws.
7) A dime a dozen- Something is very common and has
little value
With so many competitors, his app idea, though good,
might just be a dime a dozen.
8) A picture paints a thousand words- A single image can
convey complex ideas and emotions more effectively than
words.
A picture paints a thousand words, so skip the long
explanation and show me the blueprints for the project.
9) An arm and a leg- Something is very expensive or
costing a lot of money
He wanted the latest gaming console, but at a cost of an
arm and a leg, he decided to wait for a sale.
10) All in the same boat- Everyone faces the same
challenges or situation together
Lost hikers, they were all in the same boat, needing to find
shelter before nightfall.
