Term-5
Date-07.11.2020
NOTES FOR CLASS 8----AA
CH---5
COAL AND PETROLEUM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAW THE DIAGRAM 5.4 WITH PENCIL ONLY.
EXERCISE QUESTION-ANSWERS:-----
--------------------------------------------------
1. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
Soln:
The advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels are as follows
• CNG and LPG burn easily.
• CNG and LPG give a lot of heat energy when burnt.
• CNG and LPG can be transported easily through pipelines.
• CNG and LPG are clean fuels and they do not release smoke when burnt.
2. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
Soln:
Bitumen is used for surfacing of roads.
3. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Soln:
Dense forests got buried under the soil due to natural processes, millions of years ago.
More and more soil got deposited over them and they got compressed more. This led
them to get exposed to very high temperature and pressure. They slowly got converted
into coal under these extreme conditions. The whole process of formation of coal from
dead vegetation is known as carbonization.
4. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Fossil fuels are ____________, ____________, and ____________ .
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called
_____________ .
(c) Least polluting fuel for a vehicle is ______________ .
Soln:
(a) Fossil fuels Coal, Petroleum, and natural gas.
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called refining.
(c) Least polluting fuel for a vehicle is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
5. Tick True/False against the following statements.
(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory. (T/F)
(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol. (T/F)
(c) Coke is the almost pure form of carbon. (T/F)
(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances. (T/F)
(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel. (T/F)
Soln:
a) False
b) False
c) True
d) True
e) False
6. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Soln:
The process of formation of fossil fuels requires millions of years. Dead vegetation and
animals that get buried deep inside the earth require high temperature and pressure for the
formation of fossil fuels, which cannot be done in the laboratory. Thus, fossils are
limited. Therefore, the use of fossil fuels at a rapid rate will lead to their exhaustion.
7. Describe the characteristics and uses of coke.
Soln:
Characteristics:
i) Coke is tough.
ii) Coke is porous.
iii) Coke is black in colour.
Uses:
i) In the manufacture of steel.
ii) In the extraction of metals (as a reducing agent).
8. Explain the process of the formation of petroleum.
Soln:
Dead organisms that got buried in the sea millions of years ago got covered with layers of
sand and clay. Due to lack of air, high temperature and high pressure, these dead
organisms got transformed into petroleum and natural gas.
9. The following table shows the total power shortage in India from 1993–1999.
Show the data in the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on the
Y-axis and the year on the X-axis.
S.No. Year Shortage (%)
1. 1993 7.7
2. 1994 7.5
3. 1995 8.2
4. 1996 7.1
5. 1997 7.7
6. 1998 9.1
7. 1999 11.2
Soln:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHORT NOTES:
------------------------
1. INEXHAUSTIBLE NATURAL RESOURCES: These resources are present in
unlimited quantity in nature and are not exhausted by human activities. Exp : air,
sunlight
2. EXHAUSTIBLE NATURAL RESOURCES: The amount of these resources in
nature is limited. They can be exhausted by human activities. Exp : forests,
wildlife, coal, petroleum
3. REFINING OF PETROLEUM : Petroleum is a dark oily liquid. It is a mixture of
various components---petrol, diesel, wax, lubricating oil etc. The process of
separating various components of petroleum is known as refining of petroleum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
