IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY

BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY:

1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. What are the basic constituents of matter?
2. Mention any two life-saving drugs.
3. Name the drug used in the treatment of AIDS.
4. Name the drug used in the cancer therapy.
5. Which chemical is responsible for depletion of Ozone?
6. Name the SI unit of density.
7. Define significant figure.
8. What is atomic mass unit?
9. What is the value of 1 a.m.u?
10. What is limiting reagent?

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

1. What is the importance of chemistry in daily life?
2. What is homogeneous mixture? Give an example.
3. What is heterogeneous mixture? Give an example.
4. Define mass and weight.
5. Express the following into scientific notation.
a) 0.00016 b) 33693.68
6. Define precision and accuracy.
7. How many significant figures are present in the following?
a) 6.005 b) 6.002 x 1023
8. State the law of conservation of mass and who proposed it?
9. State Law of Definite proportion.
10. State Law of Multiple proportions.
11. State Gay Lussac’s law of Gaseous volumes.
12. State Aragadro Law.
13. What are isotopes? Mention the isotopes of carbon.
14. A plastic Jug contains 3.5 Ltrs of milk, calculate the volume of milk in meter 3.
15. How many seconds are there in 3 days?
16. How many moles of methane required to produce 88 gms of CO2 after combustion?

4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Write any four postulates of Dalton's atomic theory
2. An Organic compound contains 57.14% of carbon, 6.16% Hydrogen, 9.52%Nitrogen 27.18% oxygen.
Calculate the empirical formula and molecular formula, if its molecular mass is 294.3 gm/mole.
3. Compound contains 4.07% Hydrogen 24.27% Carbon and 71.65%chlorine. Its molecular mass is 98.96
gm what are its empirical formula and molecular formula?
4. An organic substance containing carbon Hydrogen and oxygen gave the percentage composition as
C=40.687%, H=5.085% and 0=54.228%.The vapour density of the compound is 59 calculate the
molecular formula of the compound.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Mention the sub atomic particles.
2. Mention the sub atomic particles.
3. What are cathode rays (cathode ray particles)?
4. What is the name given to the particles which constitute the cathode rays?
5. Does the nature of cathode ray depend on the nature of gas in the discharge tube or the electrode material?
6. Name the scientist who was able to determine e/m value of an electron.
7. What is the charge of an electron in coulomb?
8. What is the mass of an electron in terms of kilogram?
9. What are canal rays?
10. Name the fundamental particle of an atom that has highest value for its e/m value.
11. Does the e/m value of canal rays depend on the nature of gas in the discharge tube?
12. Name the smallest and lightest positive ion obtained when hydrogen gas is subjected to electrical discharge.
13. Who discovered neutron?
14. What is the mass of proton in terms of kilogram?
15. What is the mass of neutron in terms of kilogram?
16. Name the electrically neutral particle obtained by bombarding beryllium with α- particles.
17. Write one name given to the Thomson model of an atom.
18. Name the metal foil used in Rutherford's α-particle scattering experiment.
19. What are orbits?
20. What is atomic number?
21. What are nucleons?
22. What is atomic mass number?
23. What are isotopes?
24. What are isobars?
25. Name the three isotopes of hydrogen.
A
26. ZX : What does A and Z represent?
27. How many neutrons are present in 35 17Cl?
28. How many protons are present in 146C?
29. How many electrons are present in 23 11Na?
30. Write the SI unit of frequency.
31. What is the value of speed of light in vacuum?
32. Define wave number.
33. What is the SI unit of wave number?
34. What is the relation between energy (E) and frequency (𝜈) of an electromagnetic radiation?
35. What is the name given to the smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted or absorbed in the form of
electromagnetic radiation?
36. What is the wave length range of the visible spectrum?
37. What is the value of Planck's constant?
38. What is black body?
39. What is photoelectric effect?
40. Give an example of a metal which exhibits photoelectric effect.
41. What is threshold frequency?
42. What is emission spectrum?
43. What is the value of Rydberg's constant in joule?
44. Name the series of spectral line of hydrogen obtained in visible region.
45. Write the mathematical expression for the calculation of angular momentum of an electron in a given
stationary state.
46. Write an expression for the calculation of energy associated with an electron in a given stationary state.
47. Write an expression to calculate the wave number of a spectral line in the hydrogen spectrum.
48. What is the value of the radius of the first stationary state (Bohr orbit)?
49. Give an expression to calculate the radii of the stationary states.
50. Write the relationship between wave length (λ), velocity (c) and frequency (𝜈) of a radiation.
51. Write de Broglie equation.
52. Write the mathematical form of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
53. What is an atomic orbital?
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
54. What are quantum numbers?
55. What is the significance of (a) principal quantum number (n); (b) azimuthal quantum number (l); (c) magnetic
quantum number (ml); (d) spin quantum number (ms)?
56. What are the possible values of n (principal quantum number)?
57. What are the possible values of ‘l’ (azimuthal quantum number) for a given value of ‘n’?
58. What are the possible values for ml (magnetic quantum number) for a given value of 'l'?
59. What are the possible values of ms (spin quantum number)?
60. What is the total value of ml (magnetic quantum number) for a given value of “l”?
61. What is the value of 'l' for:- (a) s- sub shell; (b) p- sub shell; (c) d-sub shell; (d) f-sub shell;
62. Write the possible values of magnetic quantum number (ml) for l= 2.
63. Name the quantum number that specifies the shape of an atomic orbital.
64. Name the quantum number that specifies the size of an atomic orbital.
65. Name the quantum number that designates the orientation of the atomic orbital.
66. What are nodes?
67. What is the shape of: (a) s-orbital: (b) p- orbital; (c) d-orbital?
68. On the basis of orientation, how the p-orbitals are designated?
69. On the basis of orientation, how the d-orbitals are designated?
70. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in:
(a) s-orbital; (b) p- orbitals; (c) d-orbitals; (d) f-orbitals?
71. Using s, p, d, notations, write the orbitals having following quantum numbers:
(a) n=4, l=0; (b) n=5, l=1; (c) n=3, l= 2.
72. What is the ground state of an atom?
73. What is the excited state of an atom?
74. What is electronic configuration?
75. Write the electronic configuration of the following elements: (a) Cr (Z=24) (b) Cu (Z=29) (c) Ca (Z=20).
76. Between 3d and 4s orbitals which is having higher energy?
77. How many unpaired electrons are present in the following: (a) Na (b) P (c) O?

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

78. State Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
79. Name the four quantum numbers.
80. Write any two limitations of Bohr's model of an atom.
81. Distinguish between orbit and orbital.
82. State aufbau principle.
83. State Pauli's exclusion principle.
84. State Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.
85. What is an orbital? Mention different orbitals.
86. Name two series of hydrogen spectra which fall in infra-red region.
87. Name the series of lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
88. Write de Broglie equation and explain the terms.
89. Write two draw backs of Rutherford's model of an atom.
90. State (n+l) rule.
91. Calculate the wave length of the radiation emitted with a frequency of 1,200 kHz (c =3.0x108m/s).
92. Calculate the wave number of radiation having wavelength 5800 A0.
93. Calculate the energy of one mole of photon of radiation whose frequency is 4 X1012 Hz.
94. What will be the wavelength of a ball of mass 0.2 kg moving with velocity of 10 ms-1?
95. Calculate the wave number of the spectral line of shortest wavelength appearing in the Balmer series of
hydrogen spectrum (Given RH = 1.09 X 107 m-1).

4 MARK QUESTION
96. What are the observations made out of Rutherford's 𝜈-ray scattering experiment?
97. What are the conclusions drawn regarding the structure of the atom on the basis of observations in the 𝜈-ray
scattering experiment?
98. Describe Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom.
99. What are the postulates of Bohr's model of hydrogen atom?
100. Write the significance of the four quantum numbers.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES:
1 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. For the triad of elements A, B and C if the atomic weights of A and C are 7 and 39. Predict the atomic
weight of B.
2. Which property of the element was the basis for the classification of elements by Mendeleev?
3. State Mendeleev’s periodic law.
4. State modern periodic law.
5. Which is more fundamental property for an atom of an element according to Moseley?
6. Elements of a group have similar chemical properties. Why?
7. The position of helium is in 18th group of p block and not in 2nd group of s-block of long form of periodic
table. Justify the statement.
8. To which block of the periodic table do the elements of group-I and II belong?
9. How many groups of elements form p-block of the periodic table?
10. What are ‘representative elements’?
11. Which group of elements are called ‘chalcogens’?
12. What are transuranium elements?
13. What is the trend in the metallic character of elements down a group?
14. What is covalent radius for a non-metal?
15. Define metallic radius.
16. Size of the cation is smaller than the parent atom. Give reason.
17. Size of the anion is larger than the parent atom. Give reason.
18. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their ionic radii: F−, N−3, Na+, O−2.
19. Define electron gain enthalpy.
20. What is electronegativity for an atom?
21. Isoelectronic species do not have the same size. Why?
22. Name the element that is diagonally related to beryllium.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. What was the name given by Mendeleev to the element if existed and had properties similar to that
of the aluminium? What is the present name of the element?
2. How many groups and periods are present in the long form of periodic table?
3. How many elements are there in 2nd period? Justify your answer.
4. Hydrogen is placed separately at the top of the long form periodic table. Justify its position giving two
reasons.
5. How does atomic radius vary along a period and down a group in the periodic table?
6. Explain why atomic size decreases along a period and increases down a group.
7. What are isoelectronic species? Give example.
8. Which among the following has i) largest ii) smallest ionic radii: Na+,Al+3,Mg+2, F−?
9. Define ionisation enthalpy. Give its SI unit.
10. How does ionisation enthalpy vary along a period? Give reason.
11. How does ionisation enthalpy vary down a group? Give reason.
12. How does electron gain enthalpy vary along a period? Give reason.
13. How does electron gain enthalpy vary down the group? Explain.
14. How does electronegativity vary along a period? Give reason.
15. How does electronegativity vary down a group? Give reason.
16. Name any two periodic properties that increase along a period.
17. Name any two periodic properties that decrease down a group.
18. Mention two factors on which ionisation enthalpy depends.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
ONE MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Who were the first to propose a theory on chemical bonding using electrons?
2. What is a chemical bond?
3. Write Lewis dot symbols for atoms of the following elements: Mg, Na, B, O, N, and Br.
4. Draw the Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions.
H2, O2, CO2, C2H4, C2H2, HNO3, CO.
5. Write the general electronic configuration of noble gases.
6. Which force holds oppositely charged ions together in an ionic bond?
7. How does resonance stabilize a molecule?
8. Give the mathematical expression for dipole moment.
9. Arrange the repulsive interaction between electron pairs (lp-bp, bp-bp, and lp-lp) in increasing order.
10. How many lone pairs of electrons are present in a molecule of ammonia?
11. How many lone pairs of electrons are present in a molecule of water?
12. What is hybridization?
13. Write the shape and bond angle of sp hybrid orbitals?
14. What is the percentage of s character in sp hybridization?
15. What is the shape and bond angle of sp2 hybrid orbitals?
16. What is the percentage of s character in sp3 hybridizations?
17. What is the type of hybridization found in PCl5?
18. What is the shape and hybridization of SF6?
19. Write the number of axial and equatorial bonds in PCl5.
20. Define hydrogen bond.
21. What is bond enthalpy?
22. The electrons present in valence shells should have ___spins in order to be paired up.
23. Will a bond be stronger when there is more overlap or less overlap of atomic orbitals?
24. What is tetrahedral bond angle?
25. If the wave functions of participating atomic orbitals are in same phase, the overlap is called _____.
26. What are the two types of covalent bonds?
27. What is a pi bond?
28. Can a pi bond exist without a sigma bond?
29. Is there greater overlap in sigma or pi bonds?

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Which type of elements is likely to form anions and give the reason for the same?
2. Which factor favours formation of cation? Explain.
3. The dipole moment in BF3 is zero. Explain
4. The net dipole of NH3 is greater than that of NF3. Why?
5. Write the resonance structures of CO32– and CO2.
6. Account for the shape of the following molecules based on VSEPR theory
i) Water molecule.
ii) SO2 molecule
iii) Ammonia molecule
iv) SF4 molecule.
7. What are the various forces that arise between the two atoms of hydrogen as theyapproach each
other?
8. What is a sigma bond? Mention types.
9. Explain the LCAO method for the formation of molecular orbitals from theatomic orbitals.
10. Distinguish between atomic orbital and molecular orbital.
11. Distinguish between bonding molecular orbital and anti-bonding molecularorbital.
12. Define bond order and give the relationship between bond order and bond length.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:
1. Explain the conditions for the combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
2. Write the assumptions of the molecular orbital theory.
3. Explain the diamagnetic behaviour of hydrogen molecule on the basis of molecular orbital theory.
4. Show the non-existence of helium molecule based on molecular orbital theory.
5. Explain the formation of Lithium molecule on the basis of molecular orbital.
6. Show that oxygen molecule is paramagnetic based on molecular orbital theory.
7. Write the molecular orbital electronic configuration for carbon molecule and comment on its
magnetic property.
8. Define octet rule. Write its significance and limitations.
9. State the postulates of VSEPR theory.
10. What are the types of hydrogen bonds?
THERMODYNAMICS
1 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Define System.
2. Define surroundings.
3. What is an open system? Give one example.
4. What is closed system? Give one example.
5. What is an isolated system? Give one example.
6. What is an extensive property? Give example.
7. What is an intensive property? Give example.
8. What is isothermal process?
9. What is an adiabatic process?
10. Write an expression for work done during an isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas.
11. State first law of Thermodynamics.
12. Write mathematical expression to represent first law of thermodynamics.
13. Define Enthalpy.
14. What is an exothermic reaction?
15. Give one example for exothermic reaction.
16. What is an endothermic reaction?
17. Give one example for endothermic reaction.
18. Define heat of a reaction (∆Hr)
19. Define standard enthalpy of formation.
20. State Hess’s law of constant heat summation.
21. What is spontaneous process?
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
22. Give one example for spontaneous reaction.
23. Define entropy.
24. Write the S.I. Unit of entropy.
25. State second law of thermodynamics.
26. Define free energy.
27. Write mathematical statement of free energy.
28. Define standard free energy change for a reaction.
29. What happens to entropy when water freezes?
30. Give the mathematical form of Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.
31. Write the thermochemical equation for combustion of Benzene(l).
32. Write the mathematical statement of II law of thermodynamics.
33. How is change in enthalpy related to change in internal energy?
34. State III Law of thermodynamics.
35. Define reversible process.
36. Define irreversible process.
37. Define internal energy.
38. Give an expression for the work done during an adiabatic process.
39. Define the term state function.
40. What is state of a system?
41. What is standard state of a system?
42. Define Enthalpy of combustion.
43. How is standard free energy change of a reaction related to equilibrium constant?
44. What is the change in internal energy of a system if 10 joules of heat is supplied to it and 15 joules of
work is done by it?
45. A closed thermos flask containing hot coffee represents what type of a system.
46. What is the relationship between ∆H and ∆U for the reaction?
PCl5(g)⟶ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g).

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. In a process, 701J of heat is absorbed by a system and 394J of work is done by the system. What is
the change in internal energy for the process?
2. Calculate the Enthalpy of vapourisation of Ethanol, given enthalpies of formation of liquid ethanol
and gaseous ethanol as -277.6kJ and -235.4kJ respectively.
3. Define standard enthalpy of sublimation.
4. Define enthalpy of atomization (∆Hao).
5. Define enthalpy of a solution ∆Hsolo.
6. For the reaction, 4Fe(s) +3O2(g)⟶ 2Fe2O3(s), Entropy change and enthalpy change at 298 K are -549.4
J/K/mol and -1648 x 103 J/mol respectively. Calculate the free energy change for the reaction.
7. For an isolated system ∆U = 0; what will be ∆S.
8. Given : N2(g) + 3H2(g)⟶ 2NH3(g); ∆Hro = – 92.4 kJ mol–1
What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?
9. Explain the spontaneity of exothermic reactions using Gibb’s equation.
10. Calculate the entropy change in surroundings when 1.0 mol of H 2O(l) is formed under standard
conditions. Given ∆Ho= – 286 kJ mol–1.
11. For a reaction at 298 K 2A + B ⟶ C ∆H = 400 kJ mol–1 and ∆S = 0.2 kJ K–1mol–1.
At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering ∆H and ∆S to be constant
over the temperature range?
12. Calculate the heat of formation of Carbon-monoxide from the following data.
i) C(s) + O2(g)⟶ CO2(g); ∆Hf = –393.5 kJ
ii) CO(g) + ½ O2(g)⟶ CO2(g); ∆Hf = –282.8 kJ
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
13. Calculate the work done when a gas expands at a constant temperature from volume2 x 10–3m3 to 4
x 10–3m3 against a constant pressure of 1.2 x 105 Nm–2.
14. Define: specific heat capacity, Molar heat capacity.

3 AND 4 MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. The reaction of cyanamide, NH2CN(s) with oxygen was affected in a bomb calorimeter and ∆U was
found to be –742.7 kJ mol–1 of cyanamide at 298K. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction at
298 K. NH2CN(s) + 3/2O2(g) ⟶ N2(g) + CO2(g) +H2O(l).
2. Calculate the number of kJ necessary to raise the temperature of 60 g of aluminium from 35oC to
55oC. Molar heat capacity of Al is 24 J mol–1 K–1.
3. Calculate the enthalpy change on freezing of 1.0 mol of water at 10.0oC to ice at –10.0oC. ∆Hfus = 6.03
kJ mol–1 at 0oC. Cp [H2O(l)] = 75.3 J mol–1 K–1, Cp[H2O(s)] = 36.8 J mol–1K–1.
4. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to carbon-dioxide is –393.5 k J mol–1. Calculate the heat released
upon formation of 35.2g of CO2 from carbon and oxygen gas.
5. Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction
N2O4(g) + 3CO(g)⟶ N2O(g) + 3CO2(g)
Given that: ∆HfCO(g) = -11 kJ mol–1.
∆HfCO2(g) = -393 kJ mol–1.
∆HfN2O(g) = 81 kJ mol–1.
∆HfN2O4(g) = 9.7 kJ mol–1.
6. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CH3OH(l) from the following data.
i) CH3OH(l) +2/3 O2(g)⟶ CO2(g) + 2H2O(l); ∆Hfo = –726 kJ mol–1---- (i)
ii) C(s) + O2(g)⟶ CO2(g); ∆Hco = –393 kJ mol–1---- (ii)
iii) H2(g) + ½ O2(g)⟶ H2O(l); ∆Hfo = –286 kJ mol–1---- (iii)
7. Calculate the enthalpy change for the process
CCl4(g)⟶ C(g) + 4Cl(g) and calculate bond enthalpy of C – Cl in CCl4(g).
Given that: ∆Hvapo(CCl4) = 30.5 kJ mol–1.
∆Hfo(CCl4) = – 135.5 kJ mol–1.
∆Hao(C) = 715 kJ mol–1. Where ∆Hao is enthalpy of atomisation
o –1
∆Ha (Cl2) = 242 kJ mol .
8. For a reaction ; 2A(g) + B(g)⟶ 2D(g)
∆U298 = – 10.5kJ and ∆So = – 44.1 J K–1.
Calculate ∆H298 for the reaction and predict whether the reaction is spontaneous or not.
9. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 10. Calculate the value of ∆Go; given R = 8 J K–1mol–1; T
= 300 K
10. Explain the determination of ∆U using bomb calorimeter.
11. Explain the determination of ∆H using calorimeter.

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
ONE MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Define equilibrium state.
2. Write an example for solid-liquid equilibrium
3. Give an example for liquid-gas equilibrium.
4. Give an example for solid-gas equilibrium.
5. State law of mass action.
6. What is equilibrium constant Kc?
7. Write the relationship between Kp and Kc.
8. Given an example for a reaction in which Kp = Kc
9. Write Kc expression for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g)⇌2NH3 (g)
10. What is the effect of catalyst on the equilibrium in a reversible reaction?
11. In a reversible reaction K = Qc, what does it signify?
12. In a reversible reaction Qc > K, predict the direction in which the reaction proceeds?
13. Give the relationship Gibb’s free energy change and equilibrium constant
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
14. What is a strong electrolyte?
15. What is a weak electrolyte?
16. Give two examples for a strong electrolyte.
17. Write two examples for a weak electrolyte.
18. What is hydronium ion?
19. Give the conjugate acid of H2O, CO32–, HSO4– and O2– and CH3COO– .
20. Write the conjugate base of H2O, NH4+, H2CO3, HS–, HCl.
21. What is the value of ionic product of water at 298K?
22. What is the pH of 10–2 M HCl solution?
23. Define pH.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Write any two characteristics of equilibrium?
2. What is homogeneous equilibrium? given an example
3. What is heterogeneous equilibrium? Give an example.
4. State law of chemical equilibrium.
5. State le Chatelier’s principle?
6. Discuss the effect of pressure on the reaction PCl5(g)⇌PCl3(g)+Cl2(g).
7. Explain Arrhenius concept of acid and base with an example?
8. With an example explain Bronsted Lowry concept of acid and base?
9. Explain Lewis concept of acid and base with an example?
10. What are conjugate acid-base pairs? Explain with an example.
11. Explain amphoteric substance with an example?
12. What is ionic product of water?
13. Show that pH + pOH = 14 at 298K
14. Explain common ion effect with an example.
15. Define solubility product.
16. What is a buffer solution? Give an Example.

2 MARKS PROBLEMS
1. The Kc for a certain reaction is 4.5 x 107 at 750K, what is Kc for the reverse reaction?
2. For the reaction 2NOCl(g)⇌2NO(g) + Cl2(g), The equilibrium constant is 3.75 x 10–6at 1069K. What is
equilibrium constant for the reaction 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)⇌2NOCl(g)?
3. Calculate the pH of 10-3M NaOH solution at 298K.
4. Find the pH of 0.025M HCl solution.
5. Calculate pH of 0.02M H2SO4 solution.
6. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of a sample of milk of pH 6.4.
7. Calculate the hydroxyl ion concentration of a sample of soft drink of pH 3.2 at 298K.
8. The ionization constant 0.05M propanoic acid is 1.3 x 10-5. Calculate degree of ionization.
9. Calculate the percentage of ionization of 0.05M ammonia solution if ionization constant is 1.75 x 10-
5

10. Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is 4.5 x 10-6mol/L, what is the hydroxyl ion concentration
at 298K.
11. The pKa of acetic acid and pKb of ammonium hydroxide are 5.75 and 5.70respectively. Calculate the
pH of ammonium acetate solution.

3 MARKS PROBLEMS
1. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g), The partial pressures of N2 and H2 are 0.8 and 0.4 atmosphere
respectively at equilibrium. The total pressure of the system is 2.80 atmospheres. What is Kp for the
above reaction?
2. 2 moles of N2O4 taken in a flask of 10L capacity is heated to 350K. At equilibrium 50%of N 2O4 was
found to be dissociated to give NO2. Find the equilibrium constant for the reaction.
3. Calculate the pKa value of 0.1M weak monobasic acid whose degree of ionisation is 1.52x10-2.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
4. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of 0.1M weak mono basic acid whose dissociation
constant is 4 x 10-10 at 298K.
5. Find the pH of 0.05M acid which is 10% ionised at 298K.

4 MARKS PROBLEMS
1. The initial molar concentration of reactants A and B are 0.1 M and 0.2M respectively in the reaction
A +B ⇌2C at equilibrium. The concentration of A in the mixture was found tobe 0.06 M. Calculate
the equilibrium constant.
2. 2 moles of HI when heated in a closed container, at equilibrium 20% of HI found to be dissociated.
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2HI(g)⇌H2(g) + I2(g)
3. What is the equilibrium concentration of each of the substances in equilibrium when the initial
concentration of ICl was 0.78M for the reaction 2ICl ⇌I2 + Cl2, Kc = 0.14.
4. Calculate the degree of ionisation and Ka of 0.025M ammonia solution, if the ionisation constant of
ammonia is 1.77 x 10-5 at 298K.
5. The Ksp values of BaSO4 and PbSO4 are 1.1 x 10-10 and 1.6 x 10-8 respectively. Which salt is more
soluble?

REDOX REACTIONS
1 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Define ‘oxidation’ in terms of electron transfer.
2. Give the electronic interpretation of ‘reduction’.
3. What is an oxidizing agent (or oxidant)?
4. Which is the most powerful oxidizing agent?
5. What is a reducing agent (or reductant)?
6. Which is the most powerful reducing agent?
7. Define oxidation number. (or oxidation state).
8. Calculate the oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72–.
9. Calculate the oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4.
10. What happens to the oxidation number (O.N.) of an element during oxidation?
11. What happens to the oxidation number of an element during reduction?
12. What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in hydrides?
13. What is the oxidation state of oxygen in peroxides?
14. What is the oxidation state of P4?
15. What is electrode potential?
16. What is standard electrode potential?
17. Name the cell obtained by coupling a zinc electrode with a copper electrode.
18. What is the oxidation state of oxygen in OF2?

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. What is a redox reaction? Give an example.
2. Justify the reaction: H2S + Cl2⟶2HCl + S is a redox reaction.
3. What is oxidation number? What is the oxidation number(O.N) of Cl in KClO3?
4. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxidation number.
5. Explain whether the following reaction is a redox reaction or not:
CaCO3(s)⟶CaO(s) + CO2(g)
6 Calculate the oxidation number of: (i) S in H2SO4 (ii) P in H3PO4.
7. What is an electrochemical series?
8. Using Stock notation, represent the following compounds: Fe2O3, CuO, MnO andMnO2.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Balance the following equations by the oxidation number method.(3marks each)
(i) Fe2+ + H+ + Cr2O72–⟶ Cr3+ + Fe3+ + H2O
(ii)MnO4–(aq) + I–(aq)⟶ MnO2(s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
(iii) MnO4–(aq) + SO2(g)⟶Mn2+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) (in acidic solution)
(iv) H2O2(aq) + Fe2+(aq)⟶Fe3+(aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
(v) Cr2O72– + SO2(g)⟶ Cr3+(aq) + SO42–(aq) (in acidic solution)
2. Balance the following equations by half reaction method (ion-electron method).
(a) MnO4–(aq) + SO2(g)⟶Mn2+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) (in acidic solution)
(b) MnO4–(aq) + I–(aq)⟶ MnO2(s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
(c) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+(aq)⟶ Fe3+(aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
(d) Cr2O72– + SO2(g)⟶Cr3+(aq) + SO42–(aq) (in acidic solution)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

1 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. What is the type of hybridization of each carbon in the following?
a) CH3CHO b) CH3CN c) CH2 = CHCl d) CH3-C≡CH
2. Give the bond line format of the compound 2-methyl-1-pentene.
3. What is a functional group?
4. Write the IUPAC name of the compound CH3– CH2 –CH2 – CH2–CHO
5. Write the structural formula of 4-chloro-2-hexene.
6. What is Inductive effect?
7. What is +I effect?
8. What is –I effect?
9. Given the examples of groups which exerts –I effect.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
10. Define mesomeric (Resonance) effect.
11. What is +R effect?
12. What is –R(-M) effect?
13. What is electromeric effect?
14. What is +E effect? Give example.
15. What is – E effect? Give example.
16. What is homologous series?
17. Which is the suitable absorbent in the process of Column chromatography?
18. Write the resonance structure of Benzene.
19. What is steam distillation?
20. What is hyper-conjugation?
21. What types of solids are separated by crystallization?
22. Which effect involves the displacement of electron pair under the influence of an attacking reagent?

2 MARKS QUESTIONS:
1. How nitrogen is detected by Lassaigne’s filterate?
2. How sulphur is detected by Lassaigne’s filterate?
3. How can carbon & hydrogen detected by copper oxide method?
4. Give the preparation of Lassaigne’s filtrate.
5. Explain the test for detection of halogen’s by sodium fusion extract.
6. Give the difference between Inductive effect & Mesomeric effect.
7. Give the difference between Inductive effect & Electromeric effect.
8. What are the characteristics of Homologous series?
9. What is Electrophile? Give example.
10. What are nucleophiles? Give example.
11. What is Homolytic fission? Give example.
12. What is Heterolytic fission? Give example.
13. What are free radicals? Give example.
14. What are Carbocations? Give example.
15. What are Carbanions? Give example.
16. What are alicyclic compounds? Give example.
17. What are aromatic compounds? Give example.
18. What are Heterocyclic compounds? Give example.
19. Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds

20. Write the structural formulae of the following

a) 2, 2, 3-trimethyl pentane b) 4-chloro-3-methyl-but-2-en-1-ol.
21. What is position isomerism? Give an example.
22. What is Functional isomerism? Give example.
23. What is substitution reaction? Give example.
24. What are hybridization states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?
a) CH2 = C = O b) CH3 – CH = CH2

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. How can carbon and hydrogen be estimated in the organic compound by Liebig’s process?
2. How is the percentage of nitrogen determined in an organic compound by Kjeldahl’s process?
3. How is the estimation of Nitrogen in organic compound by Dumas method?
4. How is the estimation of halogens by Carius method?
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
HYDROCARBONS
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. What type of structural isomerism is shown by alkanes?
2. Which metal is used in Wurtz reaction?
3. What happens when isopropyl bromide is subjected to Wurtz reaction?
4. What is the nature of mechanism of halogenation of alkanes?
5. Which conformation of ethane is most stable?
6. Can propane show chain isomerism?
7. Why are alkenes reactive in nature?
8. Which of the following show geometrical isomerism?
CHCl = CHCl; CH2 = CCl2; CCl2 = CHCl
10. What is Bayer’s reagent?
13. What is Lindlar’s catalyst?
14. Name the reaction which locates the position of the double bond?
15. Give the tests to show that the given compound is an unsaturated compound.
16. What happens when ethyne is hydrated with dilute solution of HgSO 4 and H2SO4?
18. Name the product formed when vapours of ethyne are passed through HCl solution?
19. Name the product when ethyne is reduced with Na in liquid ammonia?
20. What happens when vapours of ethyne are passed into red hot iron?
21. Which catalyst is used in Friedel's craft reaction?
24. Name two ortho and two meta-directing groups in benzene?
25. What is the nature of substitution in benzene?
26. Who gave the present cyclic structure of benzene?
27. What does LNG stand for?
29. Which hydrocarbon is main constituent of CNG?

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

1. Identify the products X and Y of the following reactions:
Na+ NH3 ,Heat H2 /Pd/BaSO4 , Heat
Y ← but − 2 − yne → X
2. What happens when benzene reacts with acetyl chloride in presence of AlCl3?.Represent in form of
chemical reaction.
3. Write the conditions necessary for geometrical isomerism.
4. Which one is more polar, cis-but-2-ene or trans-but-2-ene and why?
5. Write the name of ozonolysis products of but-1-ene.
6. What happens when alk.KMnO4 is added to ethene? Write the reaction and the use of this reaction.
7. Name the functional group of the compound prepared by reaction of propyne with water in
presence of mercuric salt and sulphuric acid.
8. State Markovnikov's rule.
9. Explain Wurtz reaction with an example. Where is it used?
10. Define decarboxylation with an example.
11. What happens when ethanol is heated with conc.H2SO4?
12. Draw the Newman’s projection of ethane.
13. Benzene despite having 3 double bonds is exceptionally stable. Explain.
14. Draw the sawhorse projections of ethane.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
THREE OR FOUR MARK QUESTIONS
1. An alkene ‘A’ on ozonlysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one. Write the structure and
IUPAC name of alkene ‘A’.
2. Out of benzene, m–dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why?
3. Why is Wurtz reaction not preferred for the preparation of alkanes containing odd number of carbon
atoms? Illustrate your answer by taking one example.
4. State Huckel’s rule. Draw the structure of Pyridine and Furan. Are these aromatic?
5. Explain the mechanism involved in the chlorination of methane.
6. Explain whether the following systems are aromatic or not?

7. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds:

8. Write chemical reactions for the following conversions:

(i) Phenol to benzene
(ii) Benzene to ethyl benzene
9. How do you convert the following?
(i) Benzene to p-nitrotoulene
(ii) Benzene to acetophenone
(iii) Benzene to m-chloronitrobenzene
10. Discuss the orbital structure of benzene.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
MOST LIKELY QUESTIONS:
1. Write any four postulates of Dalton's atomic theory
2. An Organic compound contains 57.14% of carbon, 6.16% Hydrogen, 9.52%Nitrogen 27.18% oxygen.
Calculate the empirical formula and molecular formula, if its molecular mass is 294.3 gm/mole.
3. Compound contains 4.07% Hydrogen 24.27% Carbon and 71.65%chlorine. Its molecular mass is 98.96
gm what are its empirical formula and molecular formula?
4. An organic substance containing carbon Hydrogen and oxygen gave the percentage composition as
C=40.687%, H=5.085% and 0=54.228%.The vapour density of the compound is 59 calculate the
molecular formula of the compound.
5. What are the observations made out of Rutherford's 𝜈-ray scattering experiment?
6. What are the conclusions drawn regarding the structure of the atom on the basis of observations in
the 𝜈-ray scattering experiment?
7. Describe Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom.
8. What are the postulates of Bohr's model of hydrogen atom?
9. Write the significance of the four quantum numbers.
10. Explain the conditions for the combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.
11. Write the assumptions of the molecular orbital theory.
12. Explain the diamagnetic behaviour of Hydrogen molecule on the basis of molecular orbital theory.
13. Show the non-existence of helium molecule based on molecular orbital theory.
14. Explain the formation of Lithium molecule on the basis of molecular orbital.
15. Show that oxygen molecule is paramagnetic based on molecular orbital theory.
16. Write the molecular orbital electronic configuration for carbon molecule and comment on its
magnetic property.
17 State the postulates of VSEPR theory.
18. What are the types of hydrogen bonds?
19. Define an ideal gas. Derive ideal gas equation using gas laws.
20. Enlist the three postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases.
21. The mass of 0.5 dm3 of hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1bar of Hg and at a temperature of 300K was
found to be 4x10–2g. Calculate the molar mass of hydrogen.
(R= 0.083 bar dm3/K/mol).
22. 2.9g of a gas at 95oC occupies the same volume as 0.184 g of dihydrogen at 17oC at the same pressure.
What is the molar mass of the gas?
23. Calculate the total pressure of mixture of 8g of oxygen and 4g of hydrogen confined in a vessel of
1dm3 at 27oC (R=0.083 bar dm3/K/mol).
24. Calculate volume occupied by 8.8gof CO2 at 31.10C&1bar pressure.
(R =0.083 barLK-1 mol-1).
25. The reaction of cyanamide, NH2CN(s) with oxygen was affected in a bomb calorimeter and ∆U was
found to be –742.7 kJ mol–1of cyanamide at 298K. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction at
298 K. NH2CN(s) + 3/2 O2(g)⟶N2(g) + CO2(g) +H2O(l).
26. Calculate the number of kJ necessary to raise the temperature of 60 g of aluminium from 35 o to 55oC.
Molar heat capacity of Al is 24 J mol–1 K–1.
27. Calculate the enthalpy change on freezing of 1.0 mol of water at 10.0oC to ice at –10.0oC. ∆Hfus = 6.03
kJ mol–1at 0oC. Cp [H2O(l)] = 75.3 J mol–1 K–1, Cp[H2O(s)] = 36.8 J mol–1K–1.
28. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to carbon-di-oxide is –393.5 k J mol–1. Calculate the heat released
upon formation of 35.2g of CO2 from carbon and oxygen gas.
29. Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction
N2O4(g) + 3CO(g)⟶ N2O(g) + 3CO2(g)
Given that: ∆HfCO(g) = -11 kJ mol–1.
∆HfCO2(g) = -393 kJ mol–1.
∆HfN2O(g) = 81 kJ mol–1.
∆HfN2O4(g) = 9.7 kJ mol–1.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
30. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CH3OH(l) from the following data.
i) CH3OH(l) +2/3 O2(g)⟶ CO2(g) + 2H2O(l); ∆Hfo = –726 kJ mol–1---- (i)
ii) C(s) + O2(g)⟶ CO2(g); ∆Hco = –393 kJ mol–1---- (ii)
iii) H2(g) + ½ O2(g)⟶ H2O(l); ∆Hfo = –286 kJ mol–1---- (iii)
31. Calculate the enthalpy change for the process
CCl4(g)⟶ C(g) + 4Cl(g) and calculate bond enthalpy of C – Cl in CCl4(g).
Given that: ∆Hvapo(CCl4) = 30.5 kJ mol–1.
∆Hfo(CCl4) = – 135.5 kJ mol–1.
∆Hao(C) = 715 kJ mol–1. Where ∆Hao is enthalpy of atomisation
∆Hao(Cl2) = 242 kJ mol–1.
32. For a reaction ; 2A(g) + B(g)⟶ 2D(g)
∆U298 = – 10.5kJ and ∆So = – 44.1 J K–1.
Calculate ∆H298 for the reaction and predict whether the reaction is spontaneous or not.
33. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 10. Calculate the value of ∆Go; given R = 8 J K–1mol–1; T =
300 K
34. Explain the determination of ∆U using bomb calorimeter.
35. Explain the determination of ∆H using calorimeter.
36. The initial molar concentration of reactants A and B are 0.1 M and 0.2M respectively in the reaction
A +B ⇌2C at equilibrium. The concentration of A in the mixture was found tobe 0.06 M. Calculate the
equilibrium constant.
37. 2 moles of HI when heated in a closed container, at equilibrium 20% of HI found to be dissociated.
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2HI(g)⇌H2(g) + I2(g)
38. What is the equilibrium concentration of each of the substances in equilibrium when the initial
concentration of ICl was 0.78M for the reaction 2ICl ⇌I2 + Cl2, Kc = 0.14.
39. Calculate the degree of ionisation and Ka of 0.025M ammonia solution, if the ionisation constant of
ammonia is 1.77 x 10-5 at 298K.
40. The Ksp values of BaSO4 and PbSO4 are 1.1 x 10-10 and 1.6 x 10-8 respectively. Which salt is more
soluble?
41. Balance the following equations by the oxidation number method.(3marks each)
(i) Fe2+ + H+ + Cr2O72–⟶ Cr3+ + Fe3+ + H2O
(ii)MnO4–(aq) + I–(aq)⟶ MnO2(s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
(iii) MnO4–(aq) + SO2(g)⟶Mn2+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) (in acidic solution)
(iv) H2O2(aq) + Fe2+(aq)⟶Fe3+(aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
(v) Cr2O72– + SO2(g)⟶ Cr3+(aq) + SO42–(aq) (in acidic solution)
42. Balance the following equations by half reaction method (ion-electron method). (3marks each)
(a) MnO4–(aq) + SO2(g)⟶Mn2+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) (in acidic solution)
(b) MnO4–(aq) + I–(aq)⟶ MnO2(s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
(c) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+(aq)⟶ Fe3+(aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
(d) Cr2O72– + SO2(g)⟶Cr3+(aq) + SO42–(aq) (in acidic solution)
43. Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table.
44. How can the production of dihydrogen obtained from ‘coal gasification’ be increased?
45. Describe the bulk preparation of dihydrogen by electrolytic method. What is the role of electrolyte in
this process?
46. Write the chemical reactions to show amphoteric nature of water.
47. Discuss the principle and method of softening of hard water by synthetic ion exchange resins.
48. Calculate the strength of ‘10 volume’ solution of hydrogen peroxide.
49. Mention the Points of Difference between "Lithium and other Alkali Metals".
50. Mention the Points of Similarities between "Lithium and Magnesium".
51. How is Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda), Na2CO3.10H2O manufactured by "Solvay Process"?
52. Explain the extraction of Sodium Chloride, NaCl.
53. Explain the manufacture of Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda), NaOH by Castner Kellner cell
54. How is Sodium Hydrogen carbonate (Baking Soda), NaHCO3 prepared?
55. Write a note on biological importance of sodium and potassium.
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR I PUC CHEMISTRY
56. Explain the structure of BeCl2?
57. Mention the anomalous behaviour of beryllium.
58. Mention the Diagonal Relationship between Beryllium and Aluminium
59. Write a note on biological importance of magnesium and calcium.
60. Explain the structure of diamond?
61. Discuss the layered structure of graphite?
62. Explain the structure of fullerenes?
63. How to synthesis organo silicon polymers?
64. How can carbon and hydrogen be estimated in the organic compound by Liebig’s process?
65. How is the percentage of nitrogen determined in an organic compound by Kjeldahl’s process?
66. How is the estimation of Nitrogen in organic compound by Dumas method?
67. How is the estimation of halogens by Carius method?
68. An alkene ‘A’ on ozonlysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one. Write the structure and IUPAC
name of alkene ‘A’.
69. Out of benzene, m–dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why?
70. Why is Wurtz reaction not preferred for the preparation of alkanes containing odd number of carbon
atoms? Illustrate your answer by taking one example.
71. State Huckel’s rule. Draw the structure of Pyridine and Furan. Are these aromatic?
72. Explain the mechanism involved in the chlorination of methane.
73. Explain whether the following systems are aromatic or not?

74. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds:

75. Write chemical reactions for the following conversions:

(i) Phenol to benzene
(ii) Benzene to ethyl benzene
76. How do you convert the following?
(i) Benzene to p-nitrotoulene
(ii) Benzene to acetophenone
(iii) Benzene to m-chloronitrobenzene
77. Discuss the orbital structure of benzene.