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TIG Welding

Titanium welding should be conducted using TIG methods with pure argon gas shielding to prevent contamination from nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. The quality of the weld can be assessed by the discoloration of the welding area, with bright silver being ideal and various shades indicating acceptable or rejectable conditions. Colors like blue, purple, grey blue, and white indicate unacceptable contamination and require rework or removal of the weld.

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31 views4 pages

TIG Welding

Titanium welding should be conducted using TIG methods with pure argon gas shielding to prevent contamination from nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. The quality of the weld can be assessed by the discoloration of the welding area, with bright silver being ideal and various shades indicating acceptable or rejectable conditions. Colors like blue, purple, grey blue, and white indicate unacceptable contamination and require rework or removal of the weld.

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creative.engineering2000
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Titanium’s TIG welding

Generally, titanium shall be TIG welded, which means the welding shall be conducted
under inert gas shielding. Both the welding area and heat affected zone(HAZ) shall be
protected(shielded) by pure argon gas during the welding process until it cools down to
800°F (427°C) or below. Due to its interstitial absorption of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen
at elevated temperatures, titanium welding shall be thoroughly shielded by inert gas.
Moreover, because of the strong affinity for oxygen, titanium can readily react with
oxygen to form titanium oxide. If appreciable amount of residual oxygen exists in
welding area, various titanium oxides
may present differentiated colors. The titanium welding quality and acceptance
criteria can be evaluated by observing the discoloration of welding areas.

Titanium Welding Color Chart & Acceptance Criteria

Bright silver color of titanium welding surface (Acceptable).

This is the ideal welding surface color which exhibits shinny silver titanium luster. The
bright silver luster indicates that there is no or rare oxidation. Titanium was perfectly
protected during the welding process.

Light straw color of titanium welding area (Acceptable).


Dark straw color of titanium welding surface (Acceptable).

Both light straw and dark straw colors indicate that there is slight contamination during
welding, but they are still acceptable. Although there is some controversy(obvious blue/
violet bands at the edge of HAZ), the dark straw color presented shall also be accepted.

Blue color of titanium welding surface (Rejectable).

Purple color of titanium welding surface (Rejectable).


Blue & yellow color combined surface after titanium welding (Rejectable).

The dark blue, purple, or blue + yellow color indicates that heavier contamination may
occur during welding. Generally, if the welding area exhibits one of these colors, the
material shall be rejected. However, it may be acceptable depending on specific
service.

Grey blue color of titanium welding surface (Unacceptable).

Brushed welding surface of titanium (Pending/ Unacceptable).


White (α case) color of titanium welding surface (Unacceptable).

The grey blue, grey, and white colors indicate very heavy contamination during welding
hence are totally unacceptable. The welding shall be removed by grinding. Repair and
re-welding job shall be done subsequently. Especially, the white welding surface have
powdery and porous titanium-oxide loose deposit. This is known as alpha case, which
indicates that inert gas doesn’t work at all during titanium welding. It is the worst case of
all. The original surface after titanium welding shall not be machined or ground.
Otherwise, the brushed color may confuse people and affect the visual examination
result.

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