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8C Notes

Elephant seals can hold their breath for extended periods due to oxygen storage in their organs and the efficiency of their blood. Divers use rebreathers with calcium hydroxide to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled air, while plants utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis through stomata in their leaves. After strenuous exercise, the body undergoes anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid, which requires extra oxygen to convert back to glucose, a process known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC).

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47 views2 pages

8C Notes

Elephant seals can hold their breath for extended periods due to oxygen storage in their organs and the efficiency of their blood. Divers use rebreathers with calcium hydroxide to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled air, while plants utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis through stomata in their leaves. After strenuous exercise, the body undergoes anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid, which requires extra oxygen to convert back to glucose, a process known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC).

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yuur16324
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#Why can elephant seals stay in water so long without breathing?

Elephant seals store blood which contains full of oxygen in their organs ( sinuses, spleen, and muscles )

• Not all the oxygen in a breath of air goes into the blood,
• so exhaled air still contains a lot of oxygen

#What could be in the air tank of diver to remove carbon dioxide from the air he exhales? How does it work?

Divers use rebreather apparatus.

This contains calcium hydroxide.

Calcium hydroxide removes carbon dioxide from their exhaled air and recirculates the remaining air for them
to breathe.

#What are carbon dioxide indicators?

Lime water

• A solution of calcium hydroxide

• a clear and colourless liquid

• turns cloudy as it absorbs carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.

Hydrogen carbonate indicator

• pink in water

• turns yellow as carbon dioxide is added and the pH drops.

#What do plants do with carbon dioxide from the air? How does it enter the plant?

1. Into in which part of the plant 2. Through what?

• Plant use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis occurs in leaves.

• Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny holes (stomata).

#Why can’t we hold our breath so long?

If you hold your breath so long,

• Carbon dioxide in your blood plasma rises.

• Too much CO2 stimulates the brain.

• You brain forces you to breathe.


#Where is Oxygen stored in human body?

Haemoglobin in red blood cells and muscle cells

#During strenuous exercise, What kind of respiration occurs addition to aerobic respiration? Why does it occur?
Where does it occur?

During strenuous exercises, oxygen is used up faster than it is replaced. Your body needs more energy and
oxygen.

So it carries out anaerobic respiration.

#Anaerobic respiration

Glucose → lactic acid (+ some energy )

• occurs in the cytoplasm of your muscle cells

• does not need oxygen.

Disadvantages

• releases less energy.

• makes muscles tire quickly.

Advantages

• allows animals to move suddenly and very quickly

(for example, to sprint away from a predator).

#Lactic acid from muscles

1. enters the blood

2. is carried to the liver

3. converted back into glucose

This process needs a lot of energy from aerobic respiration in liver cells

#After exercise, you need extra oxygen for many processes.

• To turn lactic acid back into glucose

• To replace the oxygen lost from blood and muscle cells.

This need for extra oxygen is called excess post-exercise oxygen consumption – or EPOC

It is also sometimes called the oxygen debt.

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