Introduction to Medical
Image Processing
Medical image processing encompasses a range of techniques for analyzing
and interpreting medical images, enabling advancements in diagnosis,
treatment planning, and disease monitoring.
by Susi Prema
Imaging Modalities: Anatomical and Functional
Anatomical Functional
Provide detailed anatomical information, showcasing the Reveal physiological processes, including blood flow, brain
structure and shape of organs, tissues, and bones. activity, and metabolic function, providing insights into organ
function and disease progression.
Medical Image Processing Workflow
Image Acquisition Segmentation
Capture medical images using various Isolate and identify specific regions of interest
modalities like X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET scans. within the image, such as tumors or organs.
1 2 3 4
Pre-processing Analysis and Classification
Improve image quality, remove noise, and Extract quantitative information and classify
enhance features for analysis. patterns for diagnostic purposes.
Image Acquisition and Pre-
processing
1 Image Acquisition 2 Pre-processing
Utilizing various medical Raw images are often subject
imaging techniques, such as to noise and distortions, and
X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET scans, pre-processing techniques
images are captured to are applied to enhance image
visualize the anatomy and quality, remove noise, and
physiology of the human improve clarity for further
body. analysis.
Image Segmentation and Detection
Segmentation Detection
Separates different regions of interest from the background, Focuses on identifying specific features or objects within the
allowing for the identification and measurement of specific image, such as tumors, lesions, or anatomical landmarks.
anatomical structures or abnormalities.
Image Analysis and Classification
Quantitative Analysis Classification
Extract measurable information from images, such as volume, Classify images into different categories based on their
size, shape, and texture, providing objective data for diagnosis characteristics, aiding in disease diagnosis and prognosis.
and treatment planning.
Applications and Impact of Medical Image
Processing
Diagnosis
1 Accurate identification of diseases and conditions.
Treatment Planning
2
Precise targeting and delivery of therapies.
Disease Monitoring
3
Tracking disease progression and response to treatment.
Algorithms of Medical Image
Processing
Image Filtering
1 Enhance image quality by removing noise and smoothing
irregularities.
Segmentation Algorithms
2 Identify and isolate specific regions of interest within an
image.
Feature Extraction
3 Extract relevant features from segmented regions for analysis
and classification.
Machine Learning
4 Develop predictive models to assist in diagnosis and
treatment planning.
K-Means Clustering: A Step-by-Step Guide
K-Means Clustering
1
An unsupervised machine learning algorithm used for grouping data points into clusters based on their similarity.
Initialization
2
Randomly select 'k' initial centroids (cluster centers).
Assignment
3 Assign each data point to the nearest centroid based on a distance metric (e.g., Euclidean
distance).
Update
4 Recalculate the centroids as the mean of all data points assigned to each
cluster.
Iteration
5 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the centroids no longer change
significantly or a maximum number of iterations is reached.
Conclusion
Medical image processing plays a crucial role in advancing healthcare by
improving diagnostics, treatment planning, and disease monitoring.
Continued research and development in this field hold immense potential to
revolutionize patient care.
