CHAPTER 7:- MOTION
Physical Quantities
Those properties of matter that can be quantified through measurement are called
physical quantities. They are classified into SCALARS and VECTORS.
MAGNITUDE: Size or extent of a physical quantity given in the form of a numerical
value.
SCALARS VECTORS
• Completely described by a single • Described by magnitude as well as
numerical value called magnitude direction.
• Change with change in magnitude • Change with change in magnitude
only or direction
• Follow ordinary rules of algebra • Do not follow ordinary rules of
• E.g:- Speed, distance,volume, Algebra
time,temperature • E.g.:- Displacement, velocity,
acceleration,force etc.
Motion and Rest
MOTION: When a body’s position changes continuously in time wrt a
reference point ,it is said to be in motion.
REST: When a body’s position does not change in time wrt a reference
point ,it is said to be at rest.
• A reference point or origin is used for comparison to tell the position of a
body and determine if it is in motion or at rest.
• A frame of reference is a set of coordinates relative to which the position,
velocity etc. of an object are determined. For example:- is the most
common frame of reference.
• Rest and Motion are not absolutes. They are relative. The state of motion
of a body depends on the frame of reference
EXAMPLES:-
Distance Displacement
• It is the actual length of the path • It is the shortest distance between any
travelled. two points.
• It is a scalar quantity. • It is a vector quantity.
• Cannot be zero or negative for a body • It can be zero or negative for a body in
in motion motion
• SI unit-m • SI unit-m
# Between two points A,B caterpillar can take any path.
# Distance travelled for different paths will be different but displacement will be same for any two points.
Examples:-
Ques 1: When will distance and displacement be equal in magnitude ?
Ques 2: Can displacement be greater than distance travelled ?
Ques 3: Cal travels 2m towards the east,3m towards south,1m to the west, 1m to the north.
Find distance and displacement.
Ques 4: An athlete completes 1 round of circular track of diameter 49m in 20s.Calculate
dist and displacement in 30s .
UNIFORM NON-UNIFORM
MOTION MOTION
• Body travels equal distances in • Body travels unequal distances in
equal intervals of time no matter equal intervals of time.
how small small these time • Examples: Rabbit traveling at variable
intervals maybe. speeds, Ball dropped (falling under
• Examples: Turtle traveling at the influence of gravity)
constant speed of 10m/s
# TURTLE AND RABBIT ARE IN A RACE
DISTANCE(m) 10m 20m 30m 40m
Time (s) 2s 4s 6s 8s55
DISTANCE(m) 5m 15m 15m 25m
Time (s) 2s 4s 6s 8s
SPEED VELOCITY
• It is defined as the rate of change of • It is defined as the rate of change of
distance/distance travelled per unit displacement/displacement per unit
time. time/speed in a given direction.
• Tells us how fast or slow a body is • Tells us how fast or slow a body is moving
moving (Only magnitude) and in which direction it is moving (
• It is a scalar quantity. magnitude and direction)
• SI unit:- m/s • It is a vector quantity quantity.
• Cannot be zero or negative for a body in • SI unit:- m/s
motion • Can be zero or negative for a body in
motion
Body covers equal distances Body covers unequal distances in
in equal intervals of time equal intervals of time
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED: Speed at a particular instant of time.
Measured by a speedometer.
AVERAGE SPEED: For an object moving with variable speed, we
define average speed. It is the total distance traveled by an object
divided by the total time taken.
